嘧啶类化合物
嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物，与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键，表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水，碱性较弱，并且不易发生亲电取代反应；仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应，而不具备硝化或磺化的能力，但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中，如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内，有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基：尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶；其中，在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶，而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶，并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外，许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料，嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物，例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时，它们也是农药的重要组成部分，包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外，作为染料的原料，具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性，已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5-甲基嘧啶-2-羧酸 | 5-methylpyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid | 99420-75-4 | C6H6N2O2 |
| 5-甲基嘧啶-2-甲醛 | 5-methylpyrimidine-2-carbaldehyde | 90905-62-7 | C6H6N2O |
| 5-甲基嘧啶 | 5-methylpyrimidine | 2036-41-1 | C5H6N2 |
| 5-甲基吡唑并[1,5-A]嘧啶-7-胺 | 5-Methyl-7-amino-pyrazolo<1,5-a>pyrimidin | 2369-88-2 | C7H8N4 |
| 5-甲基-6-苯基噻吩[2,3-D]嘧啶-4-醇 | 5-methyl-6-phenyl-3H-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one | 306934-76-9 | C13H10N2OS |
| 5-甲基-6-氨基尿嘧啶 | 6-aminothymine | 15828-63-4 | C5H7N3O2 |
| 5-甲基-6-二甲氨基尿嘧啶 | 5-Methyl-6-dimethylaminouracil | 70629-11-7 | C7H11N3O2 |
| 5-甲基-4-苯基嘧啶-2-胺 | 5-methyl-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine | 61541-77-3 | C11H11N3 |
| 5-甲基-4-嘧啶羧酸 | 5-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid | 933683-35-3 | C6H6N2O2 |
| 5-甲基-2-嘧啶羧酸甲酯 | methyl 5-methylpyrimidine-2-carboxylate | 76196-80-0 | C7H8N2O2 |
| 5-甲基-2-(甲硫基)嘧啶 | 2-Methylmercapto-5-methyl-pyrimidin | 100114-24-7 | C6H8N2S |
| 5-甲基-2-(嘧啶-2-基)苯甲酸 | 5-methyl-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid | 1088994-22-2 | C12H10N2O2 |
| 5-甲基-2(1h)-嘧啶硫酮 | 5-methyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-2-thione | 42783-64-2 | C5H6N2S |
| 5-甲基-2'-甲氧基乙氧基胞嘧啶 | 2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methylcytidine | 244105-55-3 | C13H21N3O6 |
| 5-环丙基嘧啶-2-胺 | 5-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-amine | 21573-16-0 | C7H9N3 |
| 5-烯丙基-4,6-二氯嘧啶 | 5-allyl-4,6-dichloropyrimidine | 16019-31-1 | C7H6Cl2N2 |
| 5-烯丙基-2,4,6-三氯嘧啶 | 5-allyl-2,4,6-trichloro-pyrimidine | 10182-68-0 | C7H5Cl3N2 |
| 5-溴胞嘧啶 | 5-bromocytosine | 2240-25-7 | C4H4BrN3O |
| 5-溴甲基-2-甲基-4-氨基嘧啶溴化氢 | 4-amino-5-bromomethyl-2-methylpyrimidine hydrobromide | 2908-71-6 | BrH*C6H8BrN3 |
| 5-溴尿嘧啶 | 5-bromouracil | 51-20-7 | C4H3BrN2O2 |
| 5-溴噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶 | 5-Bromothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 1379322-62-9 | C6H3BrN2S |
| 5-溴嘧啶-4-酮半硫酸盐 | 5-Bromo-4(3H)-pyrimidinone hemisulfate | 97234-97-4 | C8H8Br2N4O6S |
| 5-溴嘧啶-4-酮 | 5-bromopyrimidin-4(3H)-one | 19808-30-1 | C4H3BrN2O |
| 5-溴嘧啶-4-甲醇 | (5-bromopyrimidin-4-yl)methanol | 811450-15-4 | C5H5BrN2O |
| 5-溴嘧啶-2-羧酸 | 5-bromo-2-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid | 37131-87-6 | C5H3BrN2O2 |
| 5-溴嘧啶-2-羧酰胺 | 5-Brom-pyrimidin-2-carbonsaeure-amid | 38275-60-4 | C5H4BrN3O |
| 5-溴嘧啶-2-甲醛 | 5-bromopyrimidine-2-carbaldehyde | 944902-05-0 | C5H3BrN2O |
| 5-溴嘧啶 1-氧化物 | 5-bromopyrimidine N-oxide | 36529-69-8 | C4H3BrN2O |
| 5-溴嘧啶 | 5-bromo-pyrimidine | 4595-59-9 | C4H3BrN2 |
| 5-溴吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-3-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 5-bromopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate | 1436686-17-7 | C9H8BrN3O2 |
| 5-溴吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶 | 5-bromopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine | 1159981-95-9 | C6H4BrN3 |
| 5-溴-n-环丁基-2-嘧啶胺 | 5-bromo-2-(cyclobutylamino)-pyrimidine | 947534-33-0 | C8H10BrN3 |
| 5-溴-N-甲基嘧啶-4-胺 | 5-Brom-4-(N-methylamino)pyrimidin | 56181-38-5 | C5H6BrN3 |
| 5-溴-N-(2-甲氧基乙基)嘧啶-2-胺 | 5-bromo-N-(2-methoxyethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine | 886365-79-3 | C7H10BrN3O |
| 5-溴-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-甲腈 | 5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-carbonitrile | 1168106-92-0 | C7H3BrN4 |
| 5-溴-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶 | 5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 175791-49-8 | C6H4BrN3 |
| 5-溴-7-甲基-7h-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-胺 | 5-bromo-7-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine | 1337532-51-0 | C7H7BrN4 |
| 5-溴-6-羟基嘧啶-4-羧酸 | 5-bromo-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid | 135274-82-7 | C5H3BrN2O3 |
| 5-溴-6-甲基尿嘧啶 | 5-bromo-6-methyluracil | 15018-56-1 | C5H5BrN2O2 |
| 5-溴-6-甲基嘧啶-4-醇 | 5-Brom-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidin | 3438-52-6 | C5H5BrN2O |
| 5-溴-6-氯嘧啶-4(1H)-酮 | 4-Chlor-5-brom-6-hydroxy-pyrimidin | 89089-19-0 | C4H2BrClN2O |
| 5-溴-6-氯-2-(甲基硫代)嘧啶-4-胺 | 5-bromo-6-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine-4-amine | 63931-22-6 | C5H5BrClN3S |
| 5-溴-6-氯-2,4-嘧啶二胺 | 2,4-diamino-5-bromo-6-chloropyrimidine | 7150-68-7 | C4H4BrClN4 |
| 5-溴-6-氮尿嘧啶 | 6-bromo-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione | 4956-05-2 | C3H2BrN3O2 |
| 5-溴-6-氨基尿嘧啶 | 6-amino-5-bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione | 6312-73-8 | C4H4BrN3O2 |
| 5-溴-4-苯基嘧啶 | 5-bromo-4-phenylpyrimidine | 3543-46-2 | C10H7BrN2 |
| 5-溴-4-碘嘧啶 | 5-bromo-4-iodopyrimidine | 898559-22-3 | C4H2BrIN2 |
| 5-溴-4-甲基嘧啶 | 5-bromo-4-methylpyrimidine | 1439-09-4 | C5H5BrN2 |
| 5-溴-4-环己基嘧啶 | 5-bromo-4-cyclohexylpyrimidine | 941294-28-6 | C10H13BrN2 |
| 5-溴-4-环丙基嘧啶 | 5-Bromo-4-cyclopentylpyrimidine | 951884-32-5 | C9H11BrN2 |
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