嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3-(2-氨基嘧啶-5-基)苯甲酸 | 3-(2-Aminopyrimidin-5-yl)benzoic acid | 914349-45-4 | C11H9N3O2 |
| 3-(2-氨基[1,2,4]噻唑并[1,5-a]-6-嘧啶)乙酸丙酯 | Acetic acid 3-(2-amino-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)-propyl ester | 85599-38-8 | C10H13N5O2 |
| 3-(2-嘧啶氧基)苯羧酸 | 3-(pyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzoic acid | 5871-19-2 | C11H8N2O3 |
| 3-(2-嘧啶氧基)苯甲醛 | 3-(2-pyrimidinyl-oxy)benzaldehyde | 263349-26-4 | C11H8N2O2 |
| 3-(2-嘧啶基)-2-丙炔-1-醇 | 3-(pyrimidin-2-yl)prop-2-yn-1-ol | 260441-08-5 | C7H6N2O |
| 3-(2-嘧啶基)-1-哌啶甲酸叔丁酯 | N-t-butoxycarbonyl-3-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperidine | 182416-13-3 | C14H21N3O2 |
| 3-(2-嘧啶)丙醇 | 3-(2-pyrimidinyl)propanol | 260441-09-6 | C7H10N2O |
| 3-(2-嘧啶)-2-丙酸 | (E)-3-(pyrimidin-2-yl)acrylic acid | 408533-41-5 | C7H6N2O2 |
| 3-(2-(二甲基氨基)乙氧基)丙胺 | 3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)propan-1-amine | 65573-13-9 | C7H18N2O |
| 3-(2,6-二氯苯基)-5-甲基异恶唑-4-羧酸 | 3-(2,6-dichloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid | 3919-76-4 | C11H7Cl2NO3 |
| 3-(2,5-二氯嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吲哚 | 3-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indole | 937366-57-9 | C12H7Cl2N3 |
| 3-(2,4-二氧代-3,4-二氢-1(2H)-嘧啶基)丙酸 | 3-(1-uracilyl)propionic acid | 2950-82-5 | C7H8N2O4 |
| 3,5-二甲尿嘧啶 | 3-methylthymine | 4160-77-4 | C6H8N2O2 |
| 3,5-二溴-4-氯-2,6-二甲基吡啶 | 3,5-dibromo-4-chloro-2,6-dimethyl-pyridine | 633318-46-4 | C7H6Br2ClN |
| 3,5-二溴-2-羟基-6-甲基嘧啶 | 3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine | 500587-45-1 | C6H5Br2NO |
| 3,5-二氯-2,6-二氟嘧啶 | 3,5-dichloro-2,6-difluoropyridine | 698-51-1 | C5HCl2F2N |
| 3,4-嘧啶乙二酸二乙酯 | diethyl pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylate | 1678-52-0 | C11H13NO4 |
| 3,4-二氢-2H-吡咯-5-氨基 | 2-imino-pyrrolidine | 872-34-4 | C4H8N2 |
| 3,3-硫代双丙酸双十三酯 | Di(tridecyl) thiodipropionate | 10595-72-9 | C32H62O4S |
| 3,3-二氟丙胺 | 3,3-difluoropropan-1-amine | 461-50-7 | C3H7F2N |
| 3(S)-羟基甲基-4-苄基吗啉 | (S)-4-benzyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)morpholine | 101376-25-4 | C12H17NO2 |
| 2H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶 | 3H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine | 271-79-4 | C5H4N4 |
| 24-羟基胆固醇 | cholest-5-ene-3β,24ξ-diol | 30271-38-6 | C27H46O2 |
| 2.5-双(4-氨基苯基)嘧啶 | 2,5-bis(4-aminophenyl)pyrimidine | 102570-64-9 | C16H14N4 |
| 2.4(1H.3H)-嘧啶二酮 | 1,3-dimethyluracil | 4874-13-9 | C6H10N2O2 |
| 2-(4-羟基苯基)-5-嘧啶醇 | 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinol | 142172-97-2 | C10H8N2O2 |
| 2-苯胺嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 2-(phenylamino)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 450368-25-9 | C11H9N3O2 |
| 2-苯胺-4-氯-6-甲基嘧啶 | 6-methyl-2-phenylamino-4-chloropyrimidine | 6967-54-0 | C11H10ClN3 |
| 2-苯氨基嘧啶 | phenyl-pyrimidin-2-yl-amine | 57356-49-7 | C10H9N3 |
| 2-苯基噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-醇 | 2-phenylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one | 56843-76-6 | C12H8N2OS |
| 2-苯基嘧啶-5-胺 | 5-amino-2-phenylpyrimidine | 59808-52-5 | C10H9N3 |
| 2-苯基嘧啶-5-羰酰氯 | 2-phenylpyrimidine-5-carbonyl chloride | 122774-00-9 | C11H7ClN2O |
| 2-苯基嘧啶-5-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 2-phenylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 64074-29-9 | C12H10N2O2 |
| 2-苯基嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 2-phenylpyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 130161-46-5 | C11H8N2O |
| 2-苯基嘧啶-5-甲酸 | 2-phenylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 122773-97-1 | C11H8N2O2 |
| 2-苯基嘧啶 | 2-phenylpyrimidine | 7431-45-0 | C10H8N2 |
| 2-苯基哒嗪-3(2H)-酮 | 2-Phenyl-3-pyridazinone | 14135-63-8 | C10H8N2O |
| 2-苯基-5-嘧啶甲酰胺 | 5-carbamoyl-2-phenylpyrimidine | 122773-96-0 | C11H9N3O |
| 2-苯基-4H-吡啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶-4-酮 | 2-phenyl-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one | 16054-93-6 | C14H10N2O |
| 2-苯基-4-氨基嘧啶 | 4-amino-2-phenylpyrimidine | 33630-25-0 | C10H9N3 |
| 2-苄氧基-5-溴嘧啶 | 2-(benzyloxy)-5-bromopyrimidine | 742058-39-5 | C11H9BrN2O |
| 2-苄基氨基-5-溴嘧啶 | 2-Benzylamin-5-brom-pyrimidin | 38373-55-6 | C11H10BrN3 |
| 2-苄基氨-4-苄氧基-5-溴嘧啶 | N-benzyl-4-(benzyloxy)-5-bromopyrimidin-2-amine | 885952-25-0 | C18H16BrN3O |
| 2-苄基-4,6-二氯嘧啶 | 2-benzyl-4,6-dichloropyrimidine | 3740-82-7 | C11H8Cl2N2 |
| 2-胺甲基嘧啶-4-甲醛 | 2-(methylamino)pyrimidine-4-carbaldehyde | 180869-39-0 | C6H7N3O |
| 2-胺基-6-羟甲基嘧啶 | (2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)methanol | 2164-67-2 | C5H7N3O |
| 2-肼基嘧啶 | 2-pyrimidinylhydrazine | 7504-94-1 | C4H6N4 |
| 2-肼基-6-甲基嘧啶-4-醇 | 2-hydrazino-6-methylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one | 37893-08-6 | C5H8N4O |
| 2-肼基-4-环丙基6-三氟甲基-嘧啶 | 6-Cyclopropyl-2-hydrazono-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidine | 869945-40-4 | C8H9F3N4 |
| 2-肼基-4-三氟甲基嘧啶 | 2-hydrazino-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine | 197305-97-8 | C5H5F3N4 |