嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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1,2-二甲基-1,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶 | 1,2-dimethyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine | 4271-96-9 | C6H12N2 |
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1,2-二氢-2-氧代-5-嘧啶羧醛 | 2-hydroxypyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 166757-62-6 | C5H4N2O2 |
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1,2-二(1,1’-二环己醇基)乙炔 | 1,2-di(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)acetylene | 78-54-6 | C14H22O2 |
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1,2,4-三唑[1,5-a]嘧啶 | 1-deaza-5-azapurine | 275-02-5 | C5H4N4 |
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1,2,3,4-四氢-6-甲基-2,4-二氧代-5-嘧啶磺酰氯 | 6-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidinyl-5-sulfochloride | 6461-30-9 | C5H5ClN2O4S |
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1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代-5-嘧啶羧酸甲酯 | methyl 2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 42821-92-1 | C6H6N2O4 |
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1,1’-(亚甲基二-4,1-亚苯基)双[2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙酮] | 2-hydroxy-1-(4-(4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionyl)-benzyl)-phenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one | 474510-57-1 | C21H24O4 |
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1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2-丙烷 | 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol-d | 38701-73-4 | C3H2F6O |
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(嘧啶-2-基氧基)乙酸 | 2-(Pyrimidin-2-yloxy)acetic acid | 328084-05-5 | C6H6N2O3 |
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(S)-芳樟醇 | (S)-(+)-linalool | 126-90-9 | C10H18O |
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(S)-六氢-2,6-二氧代-4-嘧啶甲酸苯甲酯 | benzyl (S)-dihydroorotate | 103300-84-1 | C12H12N2O4 |
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(S)-3,3-二甲基四氢吡咯并[1,2-C]噁唑-5-(3H)-酮 | (5S)-2,2-dimethyl-8-oxo-1-aza-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane | 99208-71-6 | C8H13NO2 |
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(S)-(-)-1-苯丙胺 | (R)-1-phenylpropylamine | 3789-59-1 | C9H13N |
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(S)-(+)-4-戊烯-2-醇 | (S)-4-penten-2-ol | 55563-79-6 | C5H10O |
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(R)-雷奈佐利 | linezolid | 872992-20-6 | C16H20FN3O4 |
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(R)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[1,2-a]咪唑-7-醇 | (R)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazol-7-ol | 1221187-73-0 | C6H8N2O |
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(R)-3-[4-氨基-3-(4-苯氧基苯基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-D]嘧啶-1-基]哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (R)-3-(4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidin-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 1022150-11-3 | C27H30N6O3 |
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(R)-2-甲基丁醇 | (R)-2-Methyl-1-butanol | 616-16-0 | C5H12O |
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(R)-2-(4-氯-2-甲基苯氧基)丙酸辛酯 | (R)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionic acid octyl ester | 66423-13-0 | C18H27ClO3 |
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(R)-(-)-4-氨基-3-羟基丁酸 | (R)-4-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid | 7013-07-2 | C4H9NO3 |
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(E)-5-(2-溴乙烯基)尿嘧啶 | (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil | 69304-49-0 | C6H5BrN2O2 |
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(E)-1,3-二乙基-6-氨基-5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯丙烯酰基)氨基尿嘧啶 | (E)-1,3-diethyl-6-amino-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylacryloyl)aminouracil | 187393-68-6 | C19H24N4O5 |
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(DHQD)2吡啶 | (DHQD)2PYR | 149725-81-5 | C56H60N6O4 |
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(9CI)-5-氟-2-甲基嘧啶 | 4-Fluor-2-methylpyrimidin | 54376-50-0 | C5H5FN2 |
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(9CI)-4-乙基-2-甲基嘧啶 | 4-ethyl-2-methylpyrimidine | 65845-70-7 | C7H10N2 |
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(9CI)-4-(苯基甲基)-嘧啶 | 4-benzylpyrimidine | 64660-82-8 | C11H10N2 |
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(9CI)-2-氯-4-乙炔嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-ethynylpyrimidine | 37968-69-7 | C6H3ClN2 |
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(8CI,9CI)-四甲基嘧啶 | 2,4,5,6-Tetramethylpyrimidine | 22868-80-0 | C8H12N2 |
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(8CI,9CI)-2-(1H-四唑-5-基)-嘧啶 | 2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrimidine | 13600-33-4 | C5H4N6 |
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(8CI)-5-戊基嘧啶 | 5-n-Amylpyrimidin | 33115-34-3 | C9H14N2 |
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(8CI)-5-丁基嘧啶 | 5-butylpyrimidine | 33115-33-2 | C8H12N2 |
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(8CI)-4-氨基-2-(乙氧基甲基)-嘧啶 | 4-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrimidine | 3122-85-8 | C6H9N3O |
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(7ci,9ci)-5-嘧啶羰酰氯 | pyrimidine-5-carbonyl chloride | 40929-48-4 | C5H3ClN2O |
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(7CI,8CI,9CI)-2,4-二氟-6-甲基嘧啶 | 2,4-difluoro-6-methyl-pyrimidine | 696-80-0 | C5H4F2N2 |
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(7CI,8CI)-5-氟-2-(甲基硫代)-嘧啶 | 5-fluoro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine | 6090-37-5 | C5H5FN2S |
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(6CI,8CI,9CI)-5-乙基嘧啶 | 5-Ethylpyrimidine | 25193-94-6 | C6H8N2 |
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(6CI)-4-丁基-6-甲基嘧啶 | 4-butyl-6-methyl-pyrimidine | 114425-76-2 | C9H14N2 |
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(6-氯嘧啶-4-基)苯胺 | (6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)phenylamine | 69591-19-1 | C10H8ClN3 |
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(6-氯嘧啶-4-基)甲醇 | (6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)methanol | 1025351-41-0 | C5H5ClN2O |
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(6-氯-2-三氟甲基嘧啶-4-基)二甲基-胺 | 6-chloro-N,N-dimethyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-amine | 866648-53-5 | C7H7ClF3N3 |
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(5S)-7-[4-(4-氟苯基)-6-异丙基-2-(N-甲基-N-甲磺酰基)嘧啶-5-yl]-5-羟基-3-氧代-6(E)-庚烯酸乙酯 | (S,E)-ethyl 7-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-(N-methylmethylsulfonamido)pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-hydroxy-3-oxohept-6-enoate | 901765-36-4 | C24H30FN3O6S |
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(5S)-()-2,2,3-三甲基-5-苄基-4-咪唑啉酮 | (5S)-5-benzyl-2,2,3-trimethylimidazolidin-4-one | 132278-63-8 | C13H18N2O |
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(5-甲基嘧啶-4-基)甲胺 | (5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)methanamine | 75985-23-8 | C6H9N3 |
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(5-甲基嘧啶-2-基)甲胺 | (5-Methylpyrimidin-2-yl)methanamine | 930272-60-9 | C6H9N3 |
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(5-甲基-1,2,4-噁唑-3-基)甲醇 | (5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methanol | 25977-23-5 | C4H6N2O2 |
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(5-溴嘧啶-2-基)苯胺 | (5-bromo-pyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl-amine | 886365-88-4 | C10H8BrN3 |
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(5-溴嘧啶-2-基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)carbamate | 883231-23-0 | C9H12BrN3O2 |
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(5-溴嘧啶-2-基)乙酸 | 2-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)acetic acid | 1134327-93-7 | C6H5BrN2O2 |
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(5-溴-4-嘧啶)苯基甲酮 | 4-benzoyl-5-bromopyrimidine | 225794-32-1 | C11H7BrN2O |
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(5-溴-2-嘧啶基)甲醇 | (5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)methanol | 22433-12-1 | C5H5BrN2O |
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