嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3-甲基-2,4-二硫尿嘧啶 | 3-methyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-2,4-dithione | 66819-95-2 | C5H6N2S2 |
| 3-甲基-1H-吡唑并[3,4-D]嘧啶-4-胺 | 3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine | 5399-44-0 | C6H7N5 |
| 3-环戊基-3-[4-[7-[[2-(三甲基硅烷基)乙氧基]甲基]-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基]-1H-吡唑-1-基]丙腈 | 3-cyclopentyl-3-[4-(7-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]propanenitrile | 941685-39-8 | C23H32N6OSi |
| 3-溴咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶 | 3-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 6840-45-5 | C6H4BrN3 |
| 3-溴咪唑[1,2-A]嘧啶 | 3-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine | 4926-47-0 | C7H5BrN2 |
| 3-溴吡唑[1,5-A]嘧啶 | 3-bromopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine | 55405-67-9 | C6H4BrN3 |
| 3-溴吡咯并[1,2-A]嘧啶 | 3-bromopyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 1260861-76-4 | C7H5BrN2 |
| 3-溴-咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-羧酸乙酯 | 3-Bromo-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 134044-63-6 | C9H8BrN3O2 |
| 3-溴-7-(三氟甲基)咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶 | 3-bromo-7-trifluoromethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 375857-65-1 | C7H3BrF3N3 |
| 3-溴-6-氯咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶 | 3-bromo-6-chloroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 944906-48-3 | C6H3BrClN3 |
| 3-溴-6-氯-1H-吡唑并[3,4-D]嘧啶 | 3-bromo-6-chloro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine | 944903-06-4 | C5H2BrClN4 |
| 3-溴-5-氯吡唑[1,5-A]并嘧啶 | 3-bromo-5-chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine | 960613-96-1 | C6H3BrClN3 |
| 3-溴-5,7-二氯吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶 | 3-bromo-5,7-dichloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine | 114040-06-1 | C6H2BrCl2N3 |
| 3-溴-4-氯-1H-吡唑啉并嘧啶 | 3-bromo-4-chloro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine | 90914-41-3 | C5H2BrClN4 |
| 3-溴-4-氯-1H-吡咯并嘧啶 | 3-bromo-4-chloro-5-azaindole | 947238-42-8 | C7H4BrClN2 |
| 3-溴-2-苯基-咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶 | 3-bromo-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 904814-72-8 | C12H8BrN3 |
| 3-溴-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶 | 3-bromo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine | 1251033-27-8 | C5H3BrN4 |
| 3-溴-1H-吡唑并[3,4-D]嘧啶-4-胺 | 3-bromo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine | 83255-86-1 | C5H4BrN5 |
| 3-氰嘧啶-4-硼酸频哪酯 | 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)nicotinonitrile | 878194-92-4 | C12H15BN2O2 |
| 3-氯-N-[2-[[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]甲基氨基]-4-甲氧基-5-[[4-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-嘧啶基]氨基]苯基]丙酰胺 | 3-chloro-N-[2-[2-dimethylaminoethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methoxy-5-[[4-(1-methylindol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino]phenyl]propanamide | 1421373-36-5 | C28H34ClN7O2 |
| 3-氯-6-异丙基氨基嘧啶 | 6-chloro-N-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine | 945896-32-2 | C7H10ClN3 |
| 3-氯-4-丙氧基苯甲酸 | 3-chloro-4-propoxybenzoic acid | 76327-32-7 | C10H11ClO3 |
| 3-氯-2-甲氧基苯甲醛 | 3-chloro-2-methoxybenzaldehyde | 223778-54-9 | C8H7ClO2 |
| 3-氨基吡唑并[1,5-A]嘧啶 | Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-amine | 232600-93-0 | C6H6N4 |
| 3-氨基-8-甲基-2,4,9-噻唑双环[4.3.0]壬烷-3,7,10-三烯-5-酮 | 2-amino-6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 62981-82-2 | C7H8N4O |
| 3-氨基-5-溴-2-氟嘧啶 | 5-bromo-2-fluoropyridin-3-amine | 884495-22-1 | C5H4BrFN2 |
| 3-嘧啶-5-苯胺 | 3-(pyrimidin-5-yl)phenylamine | 69491-59-4 | C10H9N3 |
| 3-嘧啶-5-苯甲酸 | 3-(pyrimidin-5-yl)benzoic acid | 852180-74-6 | C11H8N2O2 |
| 3-嘧啶-5-基苯甲醛 | 3-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-benzaldehyde | 640769-70-6 | C11H8N2O |
| 3-嘧啶-4-基-丙酸 | 3-pyrimidin-4-yl-propionic acid | 819850-17-4 | C7H8N2O2 |
| 3-嘧啶-2-苯胺 | 3-(pyrimidin-2-yl)aniline | 69491-56-1 | C10H9N3 |
| 3-嘧啶-2-苯甲酰氯 | 3-Pyrimidin-2-ylbenzoyl chloride | 892502-11-3 | C11H7ClN2O |
| 3-嘧啶-2-苄胺 | 3-Pyrimidin-2-ylbenzylamine | 910036-92-9 | C11H11N3 |
| 3-嘧啶-2-基苯磺酰氯 | 3-Pyrimidin-2-ylbenzenesulfonyl chloride | 915707-50-5 | C10H7ClN2O2S |
| 3-嘧啶-2-基苯基异氰酸酯 | 2-(3-Isocyanatophenyl)pyrimidine | 898289-49-1 | C11H7N3O |
| 3-嘧啶-2-基-苯甲醛 | 3-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid | 579476-26-9 | C11H8N2O2 |
| 3-嘧啶-2-基-丙酸 | 3-(pyrimidin-2-yl)propanoic acid | 439108-20-0 | C7H8N2O2 |
| 3-哌啶甲醇 | 3-(hydroxymethy)piperidine | 4606-65-9 | C6H13NO |
| 3-乙氧基-2-环戊烯酮 | 3-ethoxycyclopent-2-en-1-one | 22627-70-9 | C7H10O2 |
| 3-[(4,6-甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)氧基]苯甲酸 | 3-[(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]benzoic acid | 387350-58-5 | C13H12N2O5 |
| 3-(嘧啶基-2-硫基)-2,4-戊二酮 | 3-(Pyrimidin-2-ylthio)pentane-2,4-dione | 175277-25-5 | C9H10N2O2S |
| 3-(嘧啶-4-基)苯甲酸 | 3-(4-pyrimidinyl)benzoic acid | 856905-14-1 | C11H8N2O2 |
| 3-(嘧啶-2-基)苯甲醛 | 3-(2-pyrimidinyl)benzaldehyde | 263349-22-0 | C11H8N2O |
| 3-(乙酰氨基甲基)嘧啶 | N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)acetamide | 22977-34-0 | C8H10N2O |
| 3-(5-嘧啶)-2-丙炔-1-醇 | 3-(pyrimidin-5-yl)prop-2-yn-1-ol | 174456-28-1 | C7H6N2O |
| 3-(4-嘧啶-2-哌嗪)-1-丙胺 | 4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinepropanamine | 57648-83-6 | C11H19N5 |
| 3-(4-嘧啶)苯甲酸甲酯 | 3-pyrimidin-4-yl-benzoic acid methyl ester | 168619-01-0 | C12H10N2O2 |
| 3-(4,6二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)丙酸 | 3-(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)propanoic acid | 386715-41-9 | C9H12N2O4 |
| 3-(2-羟基乙基)-6-甲基尿嘧啶 | 6-methyl-3-(β-hydroxyethyl)uracil | 20551-25-1 | C7H10N2O3 |
| 3-(2-甲基嘧啶)苯胺 | 3-(2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)phenylamine | 175201-90-8 | C11H11N3 |