嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-环丙基嘧啶-4-胺 | 2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-4-amine | 265324-26-3 | C7H9N3 |
| 2-环丙基嘧啶-4-甲醛 | 2-cyclopropylpyrimidine-4-carbaldehyde | 948549-81-3 | C8H8N2O |
| 2-环丙基-嘧啶-5-醇 | 2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-5-ol | 73901-41-4 | C7H8N2O |
| 2-环丙基-5-嘧啶羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-cyclopropylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 648423-77-2 | C10H12N2O2 |
| 2-环丙基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷-2-基)嘧啶 | 2-Cyclopropyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrimidine | 1375301-91-9 | C13H19BN2O2 |
| 2-环丙基-4-二甲氧基甲基嘧啶 | 2-cyclopropyl-4-(dimethoxymethyl)pyrimidine | 914348-07-5 | C10H14N2O2 |
| 2-环丁基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷 | 2-cyclobutyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 1360914-08-4 | C10H19BO2 |
| 2-溴嘧啶-4-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 2-bromopyrimidine-4-carboxylate | 1209459-78-8 | C6H5BrN2O2 |
| 2-溴嘧啶-4-甲腈 | 2-bromopyrimidine-4-carbonitrile | 1209459-16-4 | C5H2BrN3 |
| 2-溴嘧啶 | 2-bromopyrimidine | 4595-60-2 | C4H3BrN2 |
| 2-溴-6-甲酰基-4-甲基-4H-噻吩并[3,2-B]吡咯-5-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-bromo-6-formyl-4-methyl-4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate | 1221186-55-5 | C11H10BrNO3S |
| 2-溴-6-甲氧基嘧啶 | 2-bromo-4-methoxypyrimidine | 944709-74-4 | C5H5BrN2O |
| 2-溴-6-甲基苯甲醛 | 2-bromo-6-methylbenzaldehyde | 176504-70-4 | C8H7BrO |
| 2-溴-5-羟基嘧啶 | 2-bromopyrimidin-5-ol | 1240621-87-7 | C4H3BrN2O |
| 2-溴-5-硝基嘧啶 | 2-bromo-5-nitro-pyrimidine | 1210824-80-8 | C4H2BrN3O2 |
| 2-溴-5-甲基嘧啶 | 2-bromo-5-methylpyrimidine | 150010-20-1 | C5H5BrN2 |
| 2-溴-5-氯嘧啶 | 2-bromo-5-chloropyrimidine | 124405-67-0 | C4H2BrClN2 |
| 2-溴-5-氟嘧啶 | 2-bromo-5-fluoropyrimidine | 947533-45-1 | C4H2BrFN2 |
| 2-溴-5-氟-3-硝基吡啶 | 2-bromo-5-fluoro-3-nitropyridine | 652160-72-0 | C5H2BrFN2O2 |
| 2-溴-5-嘧啶羧酸甲酯 | Methyl 2-bromopyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 1209459-66-4 | C6H5BrN2O2 |
| 2-溴-4-甲基嘧啶-5-胺 | 2-Bromo-4-methylpyrimidin-5-amine | 1251032-89-9 | C5H6BrN3 |
| 2-溴-4-甲基嘧啶 | 2-bromo-4-methyl-pyrimidine | 130645-48-6 | C5H5BrN2 |
| 2-溴-4-氯-嘧啶 | 2-bromo-4-chloropyrimidine | 885702-33-0 | C4H2BrClN2 |
| 2-溴-4-氨基-5-氰基嘧啶 | 4-Amino-2-bromo-5-pyrimidinecarbonitrile | 94741-70-5 | C5H3BrN4 |
| 2-溴-4-三氟甲基嘧啶 | 2-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine | 785777-87-9 | C5H2BrF3N2 |
| 2-溴-4,6-二苯基嘧啶 | 2-bromo-4,6-diphenylpyrimidine | 56181-49-8 | C16H11BrN2 |
| 2-溴-4,6-二甲基嘧啶 | 2-bromo-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine | 16879-39-3 | C6H7BrN2 |
| 2-溴-1-嘧啶-2-乙酮 | 2-bromo-1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)ethanone | 155468-45-4 | C6H5BrN2O |
| 2-溴-1-(嘧啶-4-基)乙酮 | 2-bromo-1-(pyrimidin-4-yl)ethan-1-one | 845504-81-6 | C6H5BrN2O |
| 2-溴-1-(5-嘧啶)-乙酮 | 2-bromo-1-(2-pyrimidin-5-yl)ethanone | 58004-79-8 | C6H5BrN2O |
| 2-氰基嘧啶-5-硼酸频那酯 | 5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrimidine-2-carbonitrile | 1025708-31-9 | C11H14BN3O2 |
| 2-氰基嘧啶 | 2-cyanopyrimidine | 14080-23-0 | C5H3N3 |
| 2-氰基-5-苄氧基嘧啶 | 5-benzyloxypyrimidine-2-carbonitrile | 166672-22-6 | C12H9N3O |
| 2-氰基-5-羟基嘧啶 | 5-hydroxypyrimidine-2-carbonitrile | 345642-86-6 | C5H3N3O |
| 2-氰基-5-氯嘧啶 | 5-chloropyrimidine-2-carbonitrile | 38275-56-8 | C5H2ClN3 |
| 2-氰基-5-氟嘧啶 | 5-fluoropyrimidine-2-carbonitrile | 38275-55-7 | C5H2FN3 |
| 2-氰基-2-(5-溴嘧啶-2)乙酸乙酯 | ethyl (5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)(cyano)acetate | 65364-66-1 | C9H8BrN3O2 |
| 2-氰基-2-(2-嘧啶基)乙酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-pyrimidylcyanoacetate | 65364-63-8 | C9H9N3O2 |
| 2-氯蝶啶 | 2-chloro-pteridine | 14159-38-7 | C6H3ClN4 |
| 2-氯甲基嘧啶盐酸盐 | 2-(chloromethyl)pyrimidine hydrochloride | 936643-80-0 | C5H5ClN2*ClH |
| 2-氯甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶 | 2-chloromethylimidazo<1,2-a>pyrimidine | 57892-71-4 | C7H6ClN3 |
| 2-氯甲基-6-甲基嘧啶-4-醇 | 2-(chloromethyl)-6-methylpyrimidin-4-ol | 23862-02-4 | C6H7ClN2O |
| 2-氯甲基-4氨基-嘧啶 | 2-(chloromethyl)pyrimidin-4-amine | 79651-35-7 | C5H6ClN3 |
| 2-氯甲基-4,6-二氯嘧啶 | 4,6-dichloro-2-(chloromethyl)pyrimidine | 19875-05-9 | C5H3Cl3N2 |
| 2-氯噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶 | 2-chlorothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine | 1119280-68-0 | C6H3ClN2S |
| 2-氯嘧啶-5-羧酸甲酯 | 2-chloro-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 287714-35-6 | C6H5ClN2O2 |
| 2-氯嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-chloropyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 89793-12-4 | C7H7ClN2O2 |
| 2-氯嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 2-chloropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 374068-01-6 | C5H3ClN2O2 |
| 2-氯嘧啶-5-磺酰氯 | 2-chloropyrimidine-5-sulfonyl chloride | 98026-88-1 | C4H2Cl2N2O2S |
| 2-氯嘧啶-5-硼酸频哪酯 | 2-chloro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrimidine | 1003845-08-6 | C10H14BClN2O2 |