嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-三氟甲基-4-氯嘧啶 | 4-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine | 1514-96-1 | C5H2ClF3N2 |
| 2-三氟甲基-4-嘧啶甲酸甲酯 | methyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylate | 878745-51-8 | C7H5F3N2O2 |
| 2-三氟甲基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶 | 2-trifluoromethyl-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine | 672-47-9 | C5H3F3N2O2 |
| 2-丁基-1,6-二氢-N,N,4-三甲基-6-氧代-5-嘧啶乙酰胺 | 2-(2-n-butyl-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide | 1315478-13-7 | C13H21N3O2 |
| 2-[双(叔丁氧羰基)氨基]-5-溴嘧啶 | 2-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-5-bromopyrimidine | 209959-33-1 | C14H20BrN3O4 |
| 2-[4-正(己氧基)苯基]-5-正辛基嘧啶 | 2-(4-Hexyloxyphenyl)-5-octylpyrimidine | 57202-48-9 | C24H36N2O |
| 2-[4-(氯甲基)苯基]嘧啶 | 2-(4-(chloromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidine | 898289-48-0 | C11H9ClN2 |
| 2-[4-(氯甲基)哌啶]嘧啶 | 4-chloromethyl-1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperidine | 111247-62-2 | C10H14ClN3 |
| 2-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-5-嘧啶羧酸甲酯 | methyl 2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 871251-66-0 | C13H9F3N2O2 |
| 2-[4-(N -叔丁)哌嗪]苯嘧啶-5-硼酸酯 | tert-butyl 4-(2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate | 1073354-59-2 | C21H33BN2O4 |
| 2-[3-(氯甲基)苯基]嘧啶 | 2-(3-(chloromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidine | 898289-51-5 | C11H9ClN2 |
| 2-[3-(喹啉-2-基甲氧基)苯基]乙酸 | 3-[(2-Quinolinyl)methoxy]benzeneacetic acid | 104325-55-5 | C18H15NO3 |
| 2-[(5-溴嘧啶-2-基)硫代]苯胺 | 2-[(5-Bromopyrimidin-2-yl)thio]aniline | 849021-43-8 | C10H8BrN3S |
| 2-[(5-溴-2-嘧啶)氧基]乙酸 | 2-((5-Bromopyrimidin-2-yl)oxy)acetic acid | 270912-79-3 | C6H5BrN2O3 |
| 2-[(4-氟苯基)磺酰基]乙醇 | 2-((4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl)ethanol | 28122-13-6 | C8H9FO3S |
| 2-[(2-氨基乙基)甲基氨基]乙醇 | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methylethylenediamine | 5753-50-4 | C5H14N2O |
| 2-(高哌啶-1-基)嘧啶- 5-硼酸频那醇酯 | (2-(azepan-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl)boronic acid pinacol ester | 1015242-05-3 | C16H26BN3O2 |
| 2-(苯甲酰基甲基)嘧啶 | 2-phenacylpyrimidine | 82820-30-2 | C12H10N2O |
| 2-(苄基硫代)-5-溴嘧啶 | 2-benzylthio-5-bromopyrimidine | 79686-18-3 | C11H9BrN2S |
| 2-(硫代乙基)嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 2-(ethylthio)pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 876890-28-7 | C7H8N2OS |
| 2-(甲硫基)嘧啶-4-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl-2-methylsulfanylpyrimidine-4-carboxylate | 250726-39-7 | C8H10N2O2S |
| 2-(甲硫基)-5-羟基嘧啶 | 2-methylthio-5-hydroxypyrimidine | 4874-33-3 | C5H6N2OS |
| 2-(甲硫基)-4-硫-2-基嘧啶 | 2-(methylthio)-6-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrimidine | 683274-58-0 | C9H8N2S2 |
| 2-(甲硫基)-4-甲氧基-5-溴嘧啶 | 5-bromo-4-methoxy-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine | 81560-09-0 | C6H7BrN2OS |
| 2-(甲硫基)-4,6-二氯-5-嘧啶甲醛 | 4,6-dichloro-2-methylsulfanylpyrimidine-5-carboxyaldehyde | 33097-11-9 | C6H4Cl2N2OS |
| 2-(甲基磺酰基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶 | 2-(methylsulfonyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 598298-12-5 | C7H6N2O2S2 |
| 2-(甲基硫代)-5-甲基嘧啶-4(1H)-酮 | S<sup>2</sup>-Methyl-2-thiothymine | 20651-30-3 | C6H8N2OS |
| 2-(甲基硫代)-4-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 4-trifluoromethyl-2-methylthio-5-pyrimidinecarboxylate | 149771-12-0 | C9H9F3N2O2S |
| 2-(氯甲基)嘧啶-4(3H)-酮 | 4-hydroxy-2-chloromethylpyrimidine | 944905-88-8 | C5H5ClN2O |
| 2-(氯甲基)嘧啶 | 2-chloromethylpyrimidine | 54198-88-8 | C5H5ClN2 |
| 2-(氯甲基)-5-甲基嘧啶 | 2-(chloromethyl)-5-methylpyrimidine | 126504-85-6 | C6H7ClN2 |
| 2-(氯甲基)-4-甲基嘧啶 | 2-(chloromethyl)-4-methylpyrimidine | 78060-44-3 | C6H7ClN2 |
| 2-(氯甲基)-4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶 | 2-(chloromethyl)-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine | 114108-86-0 | C7H9ClN2O2 |
| 2-(氯甲基)-4,6-二甲基嘧啶 | 2-(Chloromethyl)-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine | 74502-83-3 | C7H9ClN2 |
| 2-(氮杂环丁烷-1)-5-溴-嘧啶 | 2-(azetidin-1-yl)-5-bromo-pyrimidine | 850349-22-3 | C7H8BrN3 |
| 2-(噻吩-2-基)嘧啶-4-醇 | 2-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-ol | 125903-92-6 | C8H6N2OS |
| 2-(嘧啶-5-基)苯甲醛 | 2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)benzaldehyde | 640769-71-7 | C11H8N2O |
| 2-(嘧啶-5-基)乙酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)acetate | 6214-48-8 | C8H10N2O2 |
| 2-(嘧啶-4-基)乙醇 | 2-(pyrimidin-4-yl)ethan-1-ol | 68121-32-4 | C6H8N2O |
| 2-(嘧啶-4-基)乙腈 | 2-(pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile | 794522-90-0 | C6H5N3 |
| 2-(嘧啶-4-基)丙二酸二甲酯 | Dimethyl 2-(pyrimidin-4-YL)malonate | 86761-91-3 | C9H10N2O4 |
| 2-(嘧啶-2-基)丙二酸二乙酯 | diethyl 2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)malonate | 164296-40-6 | C11H14N2O4 |
| 2-(哌啶-4-甲基)嘧啶 | 2-piperidin-4-ylmethylpyrimidine | 811812-60-9 | C10H15N3 |
| 2-(哌啶-4-基氧代)嘧啶 | 2-(piperidin-4-yloxy)pyrimidine | 499240-48-1 | C9H13N3O |
| 2-(哌啶-4-基)嘧啶 | 4-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperidine | 151389-25-2 | C9H13N3 |
| 2-(哌啶-1-基)嘧啶-5-硼酸嚬哪醇酯 | 2-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrimidine | 1015242-08-6 | C15H24BN3O2 |
| 2-(哌啶-1-基)嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 2-Piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 149806-11-1 | C10H13N3O |
| 2-(吡咯烷-1-基)嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 937796-10-6 | C9H11N3O |
| 2-(二甲氨基)-6-(三氟甲基)-4-嘧啶甲醇 | 2-dimethylamino-4-trifluoromethyl-6-pyrimidinol | 55545-80-7 | C7H8F3N3O |
| 2-(二甲氨基)-4(1H)-嘧啶酮 | 2-Dimethylamino-4-hydroxy-pyrimidin | 1635-28-5 | C6H9N3O |