嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
2-(4,6-二氯嘧啶-2-基)乙腈 | 2-(4,6-dichloropyrimidin-2-yl)acetonitrile | 63155-43-1 | C6H3Cl2N3 |
|
2-(4,6-二氯-2-甲基嘧啶-5-基)乙醛 | (4,6-dichloro-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)acetaldehyde | 474656-37-6 | C7H6Cl2N2O |
|
2-(4,6-二氨基嘧啶-2-硫代)丁酸 | 2-(4,6-Diamino-pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl)-butyric acid | 436088-61-8 | C8H12N4O2S |
|
2-(3-硝苯基)-咪唑并[1,2-A]嘧啶 | 2-(3-nitrophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 134044-50-1 | C12H8N4O2 |
|
2-(3-甲基苯基)-4-氯-6-甲氧甲基嘧啶 | 4-chloro-6-(methoxymethyl)-2-(3-methylphenyl)pyrimidine | 438249-83-3 | C13H13ClN2O |
|
2-(3-溴苯基)嘧啶 | 2-(3-bromophenyl)pyrimidine | 885468-36-0 | C10H7BrN2 |
|
2-(3-溴苯基)-咪唑并[1,2-A]嘧啶 | 2-(3-Bromo-phenyl)-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 134044-47-6 | C12H8BrN3 |
|
2-(3-吡啶基)-4-氯-6-甲氧甲基嘧啶 | 4-Chloro-6-(Methoxymethyl)-2-(Pyridin-3-Yl)Pyrimidine | 339279-00-4 | C11H10ClN3O |
|
2-(3-吡啶基)-2-丙醇 | 2-(3-pyridinyl)-2-propanol | 15031-77-3 | C8H11NO |
|
2-(3-丁炔-1-基)丙二酸二乙酯 | diethyl 2-(but-3-yn-1-yl)malonate | 117500-15-9 | C11H16O4 |
|
2-(2-甲硫基嘧啶-4-基)丙二醛 | 2-(2'-methylthiopyrimidin-4'-yl)malonaldehyde | 77168-37-7 | C8H8N2O2S |
|
2-(2-甲硫基嘧啶-4-基)-3-氧代丙腈 | 2-[2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]-3-oxopropanenitrile | 1111637-81-0 | C8H7N3OS |
|
2-(2-甲氧基苯基)丙-2-醇 | 2-(2'-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanol | 21022-73-1 | C10H14O2 |
|
2-(2-甲基嘧啶-4-基)异烟酸 | 2-(2-Methylpyrimidin-4-yl)isonicotinic acid | 956723-01-6 | C11H9N3O2 |
|
2-(2-甲基嘧啶-4-基)噻唑 | 2-methyl-4-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrimidine | 1269291-29-3 | C8H7N3S |
|
2-(2-氯嘧啶-4-基)乙胺 | 2-chloro-N-ethylpyrimidin-4-amine | 86443-51-8 | C6H8ClN3 |
|
2-(2-氨基-5-嘧啶)苯甲醛 | 2-(2-aminopyrimidin-5-yl)benzaldehyde | 914349-52-3 | C11H9N3O |
|
2-(2-嘧啶基)乙酸甲酯 | methyl 2-pyrimidin-2-ylacetate | 60561-50-4 | C7H8N2O2 |
|
2-(2-嘧啶基)丙二酸二甲酯 | dimethyl pyrimidin-2-ylmalonate | 93271-75-1 | C9H10N2O4 |
|
2-(2-嘧啶)-1H-苯并咪唑 | 2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole | 18107-02-3 | C11H8N4 |
|
2-(2-呋喃基)-7-(2-苯基乙基)-7H-吡唑并[4,3-e][1,2,4]噻唑并[1,5-c]嘧啶-5-胺 | 2-furan-2-yl-7-phenethyl-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-ylamine | 160098-96-4 | C18H15N7O |
|
2-(1H-2-咪唑)-嘧啶 | 2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrimidine | 627910-87-6 | C7H6N4 |
|
2-(1-苯基-1H-5-吡唑基)嘧啶 | 2-(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyrimidine | 1269291-79-3 | C13H10N4 |
|
2-(1-甲苯基-1H-5-吡唑基)嘧啶 | 2-(1-(p-Tolyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyrimidine | 1269292-37-6 | C14H12N4 |
|
2-(1-甲基乙基)-4-嘧啶胺 | 4-amino-2-i-propylpyrimidine | 114362-19-5 | C7H11N3 |
|
2-(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)-乙醇 | 2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethanol | 176661-75-9 | C6H10N2O |
|
2-(1-吡咯烷基)嘧啶-5-硼酸频哪酯 | 2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-5-(4.,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1 ,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrimidine | 1015242-07-5 | C14H22BN3O2 |
|
2,7-二甲基吡唑(1,5-a)嘧啶-6-羧酸 | 2,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid | 175201-51-1 | C9H9N3O2 |
|
2,6-二甲基嘧啶-4-甲腈 | 2,6-Dimethyl-4-pyrimidinecarbonitrile | 64571-35-3 | C7H7N3 |
|
2,6-二甲基-5-碘-4(3H-)-嘧啶酮 | 5-iodo-2,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-ol | 83410-37-1 | C6H7IN2O |
|
2,6-二氯嘧啶-4-羰酰氯 | 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carbonyl chloride | 26830-94-4 | C5HCl3N2O |
|
2,6-二氯嘧啶-4-羧酰胺 | 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide | 98136-42-6 | C5H3Cl2N3O |
|
2,6-二氯嘧啶-4-甲酸甲酯 | 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 6299-85-0 | C6H4Cl2N2O2 |
|
2,6-二氯嘧啶-4-甲酸 | 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid | 16492-28-7 | C5H2Cl2N2O2 |
|
2,6-二氯-N-环丙基-4-嘧啶甲胺 | N-((2,6-Dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)methyl)cyclopropanamine | 1289387-98-9 | C8H9Cl2N3 |
|
2,6-二氯-N-乙基-4-嘧啶甲胺 | N-((2,6-Dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)methyl)ethanamine | 1289386-58-8 | C7H9Cl2N3 |
|
2,6-二氯-N-(1-甲基乙基)-4-嘧啶甲胺 | N-((2,6-Dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)methyl)propan-2-amine | 1289385-44-9 | C8H11Cl2N3 |
|
2,6-二氯-5-硝基嘧啶-4-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 2,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine-4-carboxylate | 54368-61-5 | C7H5Cl2N3O4 |
|
2,6-二氯-4-氰基嘧啶 | 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carbonitrile | 26293-93-6 | C5HCl2N3 |
|
2,6-二氯-4-正丙基嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-6-propylpyrimidine | 89938-07-8 | C7H8Cl2N2 |
|
2,6-二氯-4-嘧啶甲醛 | 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carbonyl chloride | 933746-24-8 | C5H2Cl2N2O |
|
2,6-二氯-4-嘧啶丙酸 | 3-(2,4-dichloropyrimidin-6-yl)propionic acid | 212650-39-0 | C7H6Cl2N2O2 |
|
2,6-二氨基-4-甲氧基嘧啶 | 2,4-diamino-6-methoxypyrimidine | 3270-97-1 | C5H8N4O |
|
2,6-二氨基-4-氯嘧啶-1-氧化物 | 2,6-Diamino-4-chloropyrimidine 1-oxide | 35139-67-4 | C4H5ClN4O |
|
2,6-二氨基-4-氧代-1,4-二氢-5-嘧啶甲醛 | 2,4-diamino-5-formyl-6-oxo(1H)-pyrimidine | 88075-70-1 | C5H6N4O2 |
|
2,6-二氨基-4-嘧啶羧酸 | 2,4-diaminopyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid | 16490-14-5 | C5H6N4O2 |
|
2,6-二氨基-3-亚硝基嘧啶 | 2,6-diamino-3-nitrosopyridine | 89323-10-4 | C5H6N4O |
|
2,6-二乙氧基-4-嘧啶胺 | 2,6-diethoxypyrimidin-4-amine | 77297-30-4 | C8H13N3O2 |
|
2,5-嘧啶二甲酸 | pyrimidine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid | 127527-24-6 | C6H4N2O4 |
|
2,5-吡啶-二羧酸二甲酯 | dimethyl 2,5-pyridine dicarboxylate | 881-86-7 | C9H9NO4 |
|