嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2,4,5-三氯嘧啶 | 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine | 5750-76-5 | C4HCl3N2 |
| 2,4,5-三氯-7H-吡咯[2,3-D]嘧啶 | 2,4,5-trichloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 1053228-28-6 | C6H2Cl3N3 |
| 2,4,5-三氯-6-甲基嘧啶 | 2,4,5-trichloro-6-methylpyrimidine | 6554-69-4 | C5H3Cl3N2 |
| 2,4,5-三氨基嘧啶硫酸盐 | pyrimidine-2,4,5-triyltriamine; sulfate | 90586-67-7 | C4H7N5*H2O4S |
| 2,4,5-三氨基嘧啶 | pyrimidine-2,4,5-triamine | 3546-50-7 | C4H7N5 |
| 2,4,5-三氨基-6-羟基嘧啶硫酸盐 | 2,4,5-triamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine sulfate | 35011-47-3 | C4H7N5O*H2O4S |
| 2,4,5-三氨基-6-氯嘧啶盐酸盐 | 6-Chloropyrimidine-2,4,5-triamine hydrochloride | 155824-29-6 | C4H7Cl2N5 |
| 2,4,5-三氨基-6-氯嘧啶 | 6-chloropyrimidine-2,4,5-triamine | 1194-78-1 | C4H6ClN5 |
| 2,4,5-三氟嘧啶 | 2,4,5-Trifluoropyrimidine | 17573-79-4 | C4HF3N2 |
| 2,4,5,6-四氯嘧啶 | 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlor-pyridin | 14121-36-9 | C5HCl4N |
| 2,4,5,6-四氯嘧啶 | 2,4,5,6-tetrachloropyrimidine | 1780-40-1 | C4Cl4N2 |
| 2,4,5,6-四氨基嘧啶硫酸盐 | 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine sulfate | 5392-28-9 | C4H8N6*H2O4S |
| 2,4,5,6-四氨基嘧啶盐酸盐 | 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine dihydrochloride | 39944-62-2 | C4H8N6*2ClH |
| 2,4,5,6-四氨基嘧啶双盐酸盐 | Pyrimidine-2,4,5,6-tetraamine dihydrochloride | 52980-67-3 | C4H10Cl2N6 |
| 2,4,5,6-四氨基嘧啶 | 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine | 1004-74-6 | C4H8N6 |
| 2,4,5,6-四氟嘧啶 | 2,4,5,6-tetrafluoropyrimidine | 767-79-3 | C4F4N2 |
| 2,4'-双嘧啶-2'-胺 | [2,4'-Bipyrimidin]-2'-amine | 1269291-45-3 | C8H7N5 |
| 2,3-二氢-4-氨基嘧啶 | 2,3-Dihydropyrimidin-4-amine | 19408-86-7 | C4H7N3 |
| 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-八氢-1-(苯甲基)-嘧啶并[1,2-Alpha]氮杂卓氯化物 | 1-benzyl-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-1-ium chloride | 49663-94-7 | C16H23N2*Cl |
| 2,2-二甲基丁烷-1,4-二醇 | 2,2-dimethylbutane-1,4-diol | 32812-23-0 | C6H14O2 |
| 2,2'-联噻吩-5,5'-二硼酸二(频哪醇)酯 | 5,5'-di(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-2-yl)-2,2'-bithiophene | 239075-02-6 | C20H28B2O4S2 |
| 2'-氟-5-甲基阿拉伯糖基尿嘧啶 | 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)thymine | 69256-17-3 | C10H13FN2O5 |
| 2'-(三氟甲基)-2,4'-双嘧啶 | 2'-(Trifluoromethyl)-2,4'-bipyrimidine | 1269292-51-4 | C9H5F3N4 |
| 2 2'-联嘧啶 | 2,2'-Bipyrimidine | 34671-83-5 | C8H6N4 |
| 2 - (甲硫基)-5 - (三正丁基锡)嘧啶 | 2-methylthio-5-tributylstannylpyrimidine | 120717-37-5 | C17H32N2SSn |
| 1H-嘧啶-2-胺 | 1H-perimidin-2-amine | 28832-64-6 | C11H9N3 |
| 1H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-胺 | 7-aminopyrazolo<4,3-d>pyrimidine | 13877-56-0 | C5H5N5 |
| 1H-吡唑并[3,4-D]嘧啶-4-醇单钠盐 | allopurinol sodium | 17795-21-0 | C5H4N4O*Na |
| 1H-吡唑并[3,4-D]嘧啶-4,6-二胺 | 2,4-Diamino-7H-pyrazolo<3,4-d>pyrimidine | 5413-80-9 | C5H6N6 |
| 16-溴-1-十六烷醇 | 16-bromohexadecan-1-ol | 59101-28-9 | C16H33BrO |
| 11-氧代-10,11-二氢二苯并[B,F][1,4]硫氮杂-8-羧酸 | 11-oxo-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine-8-carboxylic acid | 440627-14-5 | C14H9NO3S |
| 1-苯基四氢-2(1h)-嘧啶酮 | 1-phenyltetrahydropyrimidin-2-one | 56535-85-4 | C10H12N2O |
| 1-苯基嘧啶-2(1H)-酮 | 1-phenyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone | 17758-13-3 | C10H8N2O |
| 1-苯基-2-丙醇 | 3-phenyl-2-propanol | 698-87-3 | C9H12O |
| 1-苯基-2-(4-嘧啶)-乙酮 | 1-phenyl-2-(pyrimidin-4-yl)ethan-1-one | 36912-83-1 | C12H10N2O |
| 1-甲基胞嘧啶 | 1-MeCyt | 1122-47-0 | C5H7N3O |
| 1-甲基尿嘧啶 | 1-methyluracil | 615-77-0 | C5H6N2O2 |
| 1-甲基四氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮 | 1-methyltetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one | 10166-54-8 | C5H10N2O |
| 1-甲基嘧啶-4-硼酸 | N-methylpiperidine-4-boronic acid | 706748-53-0 | C6H14BNO2 |
| 1-甲基-4-氯吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶 | 4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine | 23000-43-3 | C6H5ClN4 |
| 1-甲基-4-(羟基乙基)哌啶 | 2-(1-methyl-4-piperidyl)ethanol | 21156-84-3 | C8H17NO |
| 1-甲基-1H-嘧啶-2-酮 | 1-methyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidin-2-one | 3739-81-9 | C5H6N2O |
| 1-甲基-1,4-二氢-吡唑并[4,3-D]嘧啶-5,7-二酮 | 1-methylpyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-5,7-diol | 83824-38-8 | C6H6N4O2 |
| 1-烯丙基-6-氨基尿嘧啶 | 1-Allyl-6-aminouracil | 4852-21-5 | C7H9N3O2 |
| 1-氨甲基-1-环丙醇 | 1-(aminomethyl)cyclopropanol | 74592-33-9 | C4H9NO |
| 1-氨基-2-(丙磺酰嘧啶)苯 | 2-(propylsulfonyl)aniline | 76697-58-0 | C9H13NO2S |
| 1-嘧啶-2-甲基哌啶-4-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate | 138030-53-2 | C14H20N2O2 |
| 1-嘧啶-2-哌啶基-4-酮 | 1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperidin-4-one | 116247-92-8 | C9H11N3O |
| 1-嘧啶-2-哌啶-4-醇 | 1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperidin-4-ol | 893755-98-1 | C9H13N3O |
| 1-嘧啶-1,4-二氮杂庚烷 | 1-(2-Pyrimidinyl)homopiperazine | 21279-57-2 | C9H14N4 |