嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
5-嘧啶硫醇 | pyrimidine-5-thiol | 29878-64-6 | C4H4N2S |
|
5-嘧啶甲醇 | 5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine | 25193-95-7 | C5H6N2O |
|
5-嘧啶甲酸乙酯 | ethyl pyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 40929-50-8 | C7H8N2O2 |
|
5-嘧啶甲酸 | Pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 4595-61-3 | C5H4N2O2 |
|
5-嘧啶乙醇 | 2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)ethanol | 875251-47-1 | C6H8N2O |
|
5-嘧啶乙酸 | 2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)acetic acid | 5267-07-2 | C6H6N2O2 |
|
5-嘧啶丙胺 | 3-(pyrimidin-5-yl)propan-1-amine | 112104-02-6 | C7H11N3 |
|
5-吡咯基尿嘧啶 | 5-pyrrolidyluracil | 37454-54-9 | C8H11N3O2 |
|
5-叔丁基磺酰基-2-(2-吡啶)嘧啶-4-胺 | 5-(Tert-butylsulfonyl)-2-(2-pyridyl)pyrimidin-4-amine | 175202-19-4 | C13H16N4O2S |
|
5-叔丁基嘧啶-2-胺 | 5-(tert-Butyl)pyrimidin-2-amine | 94615-68-6 | C8H13N3 |
|
5-叔丁基-4-氯噻吩[2,3-D]嘧啶 | 5-tert-Butyl-4-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 827614-41-5 | C10H11ClN2S |
|
5-亚硝基-4,6-嘧啶二胺 | 5-nitrosopyrimidine-4,6-diamine | 61908-15-4 | C4H5N5O |
|
5-乙酰氨甲基-4-氨基-2-甲基嘧啶 | <i>N</i>-(4-amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-acetamide | 23676-63-3 | C8H12N4O |
|
5-乙酰氨基-6-甲酰基氨基-3-甲基脲嘧啶 | 5-Acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil | 85438-96-6 | C8H10N4O4 |
|
5-乙酰基尿嘧啶 | 5-acetyluracil | 6214-65-9 | C6H6N2O3 |
|
5-乙酰基嘧啶 | 1-(pyrimidin-5-yl)ethanone | 10325-70-9 | C6H6N2O |
|
5-乙酰基-2-氨基-4-甲基嘧啶 | acetyl-5 amino-2 methyl-4 pyrimidine | 66373-25-9 | C7H9N3O |
|
5-乙酯基-2-硫代尿嘧啶 | ethyl 2-thiouracil-5-carboxylate | 38026-46-9 | C7H8N2O3S |
|
5-乙烯尿嘧啶 | 5-vinyluracil | 37107-81-6 | C6H6N2O2 |
|
5-乙烯基嘧啶-2-胺 | 5-vinylpyrimidine-2-amine | 108444-56-0 | C6H7N3 |
|
5-乙炔基嘧啶 | 5-ethynylpyrimidine | 153286-94-3 | C6H4N2 |
|
5-乙炔-2,4(1h,3H-)-嘧啶二酮(9ci) | 5-ethynyluracil | 59989-18-3 | C6H4N2O2 |
|
5-乙氧基甲基-2-甲基嘧啶-4-基胺 | 5-ethoxymethyl-2-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamine | 73-66-5 | C8H13N3O |
|
5-乙氧基尿嘧啶 | 5-ethoxypyrimidine-2,4-diol | 7248-96-6 | C6H8N2O3 |
|
5-乙氧基-2-氨基嘧啶 | 2-amino-5-ethoxypyrimidine | 39268-74-1 | C6H9N3O |
|
5-乙基磺胺嘧啶 | 2-(4-Amino-benzolsulfonylamino)-5-ethyl-pyrimidin | 3271-01-0 | C12H14N4O2S |
|
5-乙基嘧啶-2-胺 | 2-Amino-5-ethylpyrimidin | 39268-71-8 | C6H9N3 |
|
5-乙基-4-苯基嘧啶-2-胺 | 5-ethyl-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine | 61541-79-5 | C12H13N3 |
|
5-乙基-4(1H)-嘧啶酮 | 5-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrimidin | 25198-98-5 | C6H8N2O |
|
5-丙基-2-(4-乙基苯基)嘧啶 | 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine | 98495-11-5 | C15H18N2 |
|
5-三氟甲基尿嘧啶 | 5-trifluoromethyluracil | 54-20-6 | C5H3F3N2O2 |
|
5-丁基-4-苯基嘧啶-2-胺 | 5-Butyl-4-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine | 913322-46-0 | C14H17N3 |
|
5-丁基-2-氯嘧啶 | 5-Butyl-2-chloropyrimidine | 847227-37-6 | C8H11ClN2 |
|
5-N-吗啉-6-氮杂尿嘧啶 | 5-Morpholino-6-azauracil | 4956-12-1 | C7H10N4O3 |
|
5-(苯基氨基)尿嘧啶 | 5-(phenylamino)uracil | 4870-31-9 | C10H9N3O2 |
|
5-(苄氧基)嘧啶-4-胺 | 5-benzyloxy-4-amino-pyrimidine | 92289-50-4 | C11H11N3O |
|
5-(苄氧基)-4-氯嘧啶 | 5-benzyloxy-4-chloro-pyrimidine | 91063-23-9 | C11H9ClN2O |
|
5-(甲氧基羰基)-4-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-肼 | methyl 2-hydrazinyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 175137-28-7 | C7H7F3N4O2 |
|
5-(溴甲基)-嘧啶 (8ci,9ci) | 5-(bromomethyl)pyrimidine | 25198-96-3 | C5H5BrN2 |
|
5-(溴甲基)-2,4-二氯嘧啶 | 5-(bromomethyl)-2,4-dichloropyrimidine | 1289387-92-3 | C5H3BrCl2N2 |
|
5-(溴乙酰基)尿嘧啶 | 5-Bromacetyl-uracil | 34034-07-6 | C6H5BrN2O3 |
|
5-(氯甲基)尿嘧啶 | 5-chloromethyluracil | 3590-48-5 | C5H5ClN2O2 |
|
5-(氯甲基)-2-苯基嘧啶 | 5-(Chloromethyl)-2-phenylpyrimidine | 886531-63-1 | C11H9ClN2 |
|
5-(氯甲基)-2-噻吩-2-基嘧啶 | 5-(Chloromethyl)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrimidine | 926921-78-0 | C9H7ClN2S |
|
5-(氨基甲基)嘧啶-2-胺 | 5-(Aminomethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine | 672324-80-0 | C5H8N4 |
|
5-(叔丁基磺酰基)-2-吗啉嘧啶-2-胺 | 5-(Tert-butylsulfonyl)-2-morpholinopyrimidin-4-amine | 175202-11-6 | C12H20N4O3S |
|
5-(叔丁基)甲酸吡啶 | 5-(tert-butyl)picolinic acid | 1005785-85-2 | C10H13NO2 |
|
5-(二甲氨基)尿嘧啶 | 5-(dimethylamino)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione | 37454-51-6 | C6H9N3O2 |
|
5-(二乙氨基)尿嘧啶 | 5-Diaethylamino-uracil | 55476-36-3 | C8H13N3O2 |
|
5-(乙氨基)-尿嘧啶 | 5-Ethylamino-uracil | 6339-10-2 | C6H9N3O2 |
|