D-色氨酸(英文:D(+)-Tryptophan)在常温下为白色或类白色至微黄色的结晶性粉末,无臭或微臭,稍甜。其水中的溶解度为1.14克(25℃),能够溶于稀酸和稀碱,在碱中稳定;但在强酸中分解,并且微溶于乙醇,不溶于氯仿、乙醚等有机溶剂。D-色氨酸对于人和动物的生长发育、新陈代谢具有重要作用,被誉为第二必需氨基酸。与L-型在物理化学性质上几乎完全相同,仅旋光性相反;但它们的分布、功能及辅酶存在多样性。熔点一般高于200度,并且能在水中溶解,在近紫外光区域有吸收能力。
特性与作用D-色氨酸作为一种非蛋白活性氨基酸,具有特殊的生理学性质。在食品饲料工业以及农业中可以作为非营养甜味剂、饲料添加剂和植物生长剂;在医药行业中主要用于合成各种多肽,能够代替L-色氨酸延长肽类药物的半衰期并降低副作用,并且不会产生抗药性而成为酶抑制剂的重要合成前体。D-色氨酸能提高机体免疫能力,延缓过敏性反应的发生。
大多数多肽类抗生素对抗革兰氏阳性菌具有较强的抑制或杀灭作用;也有部分对革兰氏阴性菌如绿脓杆菌、分枝杆菌等有较好的效果。利用D-色氨酸合成半合成抗生素的侧链对于其药理功能至关重要,这使其在抗β-内酰酶方面表现出较高的稳定性,并且具有广谱抗菌性、低毒性及低过敏性的特点,吸收快、血浓度高、药力持续时间长。
参考质量标准项目 | 标准 |
---|---|
外观 | 白色或微黄色结晶性粉末 |
含量 | 99.0%~101.0% |
比旋光度 [α]D20 | +30.5°~+32.5° |
透光率 | ≥95.0% |
酸度 pH | 5.5 ~ 6.4 |
干燥失重 | ≤0.2% |
灼烧残渣 | ≤0.1% |
氯化物[Cl-] | ≤0.02% |
硫酸盐[SO42-] | ≤0.02% |
铵盐[NH4+] | ≤0.02% |
重金属[Pb] | ≤10ppm |
铁盐[Fe] | ≤10ppm |
砷盐[As2O3] | ≤1ppm |
其他氨基酸 | 符合规定 |
D-色氨酸为白色片状结晶,味甜;溶于热乙醇、碱溶液和水,不溶于氯仿等有机溶剂。其水溶液呈弱酸性,熔点范围281-282℃,分解点约为289℃;比旋光度[α]D23+33.7°(0.5-2.0 mg/ml,H2O), [α]D20 -2.8°(0.5-2.0 gm/ml,1mol/L HCl)。对于大鼠腹腔注射的半数致死量(LD50)为4289 mg/kg。
用途用于生化研究和作为重要的营养剂。在医药上用作癞皮病的防治剂。
生产方法以DL-色氨酸为原料,冷却状态下加入氯乙酸酐反应;经硫酸酸化后在冰水中研磨、过滤并进行水重结晶,最后用胰羧肽酶处理去除L-型,通过乙酸酸化和乙醇重结晶精制而得到D-色氨酸。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
DL-色氨酸 | Trp | 54-12-6 | C11H12N2O2 | 204.228 |
L-色氨酸 | L-Tryptophan | 73-22-3 | C11H12N2O2 | 204.228 |
甲基色氨酸 | DL-tryptophan methyl ester | 7303-49-3 | C12H14N2O2 | 218.255 |
D-色氨酸甲酯 | D-Tryptophan methyl ester | 22032-65-1 | C12H14N2O2 | 218.255 |
N-乙酰-DL-色氨酸 | N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan | 87-32-1 | C13H14N2O3 | 246.266 |
N-乙酰-D-色氨酸 | N-acetyl-D-tryptophan | 2280-01-5 | C13H14N2O3 | 246.266 |
N-乙酰-L-色氨酸 | N-AcTrp | 1218-34-4 | C13H14N2O3 | 246.266 |
N-氨基甲酰色氨酸 | N-carbamyl-D-tryptophan | 54896-75-2 | C12H13N3O3 | 247.254 |
—— | Nα-chloroacetyl-D-tryptophan | 742100-62-5 | C13H13ClN2O3 | 280.711 |
2-[(2-氯乙酰基)氨基]-3-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙酸 | N2-(chloroacetyl)-DL-tryptophan | 79189-76-7 | C13H13ClN2O3 | 280.711 |
—— | 4-chloro-D-tryptophan | —— | C11H11ClN2O2 | 238.674 |
—— | N-succinyl-DL-tryptophan | 10136-78-4 | C15H16N2O5 | 304.302 |
3-(3-吲哚基)-2-氧代丙酸 | Indole-3-pyruvic acid | 392-12-1 | C11H9NO3 | 203.197 |
N-苄氧羰基-D-色氨酸 | N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-D-tryptophan | 2279-15-4 | C19H18N2O4 | 338.363 |
—— | trans-cyclo-(D-tryptophanyl-L-tyrosyl) | 107911-05-7 | C20H19N3O3 | 349.389 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
L-色氨酸 | L-Tryptophan | 73-22-3 | C11H12N2O2 | 204.228 |
D-色氨酸甲酯 | D-Tryptophan methyl ester | 22032-65-1 | C12H14N2O2 | 218.255 |
D-色氨酸乙酯 | D-Trp-OEt | 74126-25-3 | C13H16N2O2 | 232.282 |
D-色氨醇 | (2R)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-1-ol | 52485-52-6 | C11H14N2O | 190.245 |
—— | H-D-Trp-OAll | —— | C14H16N2O2 | 244.293 |
6-溴-D-色氨酸 | 6'-bromo-D-tryptophan | 496930-10-0 | C11H11BrN2O2 | 283.125 |
6-氯-D-色氨酸 | 6-chloro-D-tryptophan | 56632-86-1 | C11H11ClN2O2 | 238.674 |
—— | (R)-tryptophan silyl ester | 757997-84-5 | C14H20N2O2Si | 276.41 |
—— | (2R)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(methylamino)propan-1-ol | 148101-93-3 | C12H16N2O | 204.272 |
色氨酸杂质 | (2R)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl chloride | 765229-74-1 | C11H11ClN2O | 222.674 |
D-色氨酸苄酯 | D-tryptophan benzyl ester | 141595-98-4 | C18H18N2O2 | 294.353 |
N-乙酰-D-色氨酸 | N-acetyl-D-tryptophan | 2280-01-5 | C13H14N2O3 | 246.266 |
7-溴-D-色氨酸 | D-7-bromo-tryptophan | 496929-99-8 | C11H11BrN2O2 | 283.125 |
N-氨基甲酰色氨酸 | N-carbamyl-D-tryptophan | 54896-75-2 | C12H13N3O3 | 247.254 |
—— | N-benzyl-D-tryptophan | 888009-83-4 | C18H18N2O2 | 294.353 |
7-氯-D-色氨酸 | 7-chloro-D-tryptophan | 75102-74-8 | C11H11ClN2O2 | 238.674 |
1-甲基-D-色氨酸 | indoximod | 110117-83-4 | C12H14N2O2 | 218.255 |
—— | 3-[(3R)-morpholin-3-ylmethyl]-1H-indole | 913718-23-7 | C13H16N2O | 216.283 |
6-硝基-D-色氨酸 | 6-nitro-D-tryptophan | 56937-50-9 | C11H11N3O4 | 249.226 |
—— | D-(-)-Na-methyl tryptophan methyl ester | 188067-60-9 | C13H16N2O2 | 232.282 |
BOC-D-色氨酸 | Boc-D-Trp-OH | 5241-64-5 | C16H20N2O4 | 304.346 |
—— | N-trifluoroacetamide of (R)-tryptophan | 22220-03-7 | C13H11F3N2O3 | 300.237 |
(R)-吲哚-3-乳酸 | D-indole-3-lactic acid | 101312-07-6 | C11H11NO3 | 205.213 |
3-(3-吲哚基)-2-氧代丙酸 | Indole-3-pyruvic acid | 392-12-1 | C11H9NO3 | 203.197 |
—— | N-benzoyl-D-tryptophan | 55629-71-5 | C18H16N2O3 | 308.337 |
N-Boc-D-色氨醇 | (R)-tert-butyl (1-hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate | 158932-00-4 | C16H22N2O3 | 290.362 |
—— | (R)-2-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetamido)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid | 1407510-15-9 | C19H17FN2O3 | 340.354 |
—— | methyl (2R)-2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate | 151872-21-8 | C17H22N2O4 | 318.373 |
N-苄氧羰基-D-色氨酸 | N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-D-tryptophan | 2279-15-4 | C19H18N2O4 | 338.363 |
—— | 2-(3-cyclohexylurea)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid | —— | C18H23N3O3 | 329.399 |
—— | (2R)-2-[[4-[[(1R)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl]benzoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid | —— | C30H26N4O6 | 538.56 |
—— | tert-butyl 3-[[(2R)-1-hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-2-yl]-methylamino]propanoate | 148101-94-4 | C19H28N2O3 | 332.443 |
—— | (5R)-5-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)morpholin-3-one | 913718-22-6 | C13H14N2O2 | 230.266 |
—— | (R)-methyl 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(2-p-tolylacetamido)propanoate | 1407510-11-5 | C21H22N2O3 | 350.417 |
—— | 2-(7-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-heptanoylamino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propionic acid | —— | C23H33N3O5 | 431.532 |
—— | benzotript | 56116-67-7 | C18H15ClN2O3 | 342.782 |
L-苯丙氨酰-D-色氨酸 | L-Phe-D-Trp-OH | 66421-20-3 | C20H21N3O3 | 351.405 |
—— | L-tryptophyl-D-tryptophan | 398142-70-6 | C22H22N4O3 | 390.442 |
—— | (R)-2-Benzoylamino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propionic acid methyl ester | 91827-25-7 | C19H18N2O3 | 322.364 |
—— | Nα-phenylmethoxycarbonyl-D-tryptophan methyl ester | 130812-44-1 | C20H20N2O4 | 352.39 |
—— | methyl N-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-D-tryptophanate | 1401094-65-2 | C13H13F3N2O4S | 350.318 |
—— | Cbz-Gly-D-Trp | 202595-75-3 | C21H21N3O5 | 395.415 |
—— | N-(3α-hydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oyl)-D-tryptophan | 1428095-54-8 | C35H50N2O4 | 562.793 |
—— | (R)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(N-triphenylmethylamino)propanoic acid | 108826-79-5 | C30H26N2O2 | 446.549 |
—— | (2R)-2-(acridin-9-ylamino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid | —— | C24H19N3O2 | 381.434 |
—— | tricyclo<3.3.1.13,7>dec-2-yl <1-carboxy-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl>carbamate | 139657-07-1 | C22H26N2O4 | 382.459 |
—— | 4-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-one | 126784-94-9 | C13H9F3N2O2 | 282.222 |
—— | N-o-chlorobenzoyl-D-tryptophane | 39545-28-3 | C18H15ClN2O3 | 342.8 |
—— | L-tryptophyl-D-tryptophan methyl ester | 81387-99-7 | C23H24N4O3 | 404.469 |
—— | Nα-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1-methyl-D-tryptophan | 103943-63-1 | C17H22N2O4 | 318.373 |
—— | N-tosyl-D-tryptophane | 136891-53-7 | C18H18N2O4S | 358.418 |
—— | (R)-methyl 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)acetamido)propanoate | 1354255-03-0 | C20H19N3O5 | 381.388 |
—— | (R)-3-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-2-(naphthalene-2-sulfonylamino)-propionic acid | 140645-35-8 | C21H18N2O4S | 394.451 |
—— | Nα-[(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)-acetyl]-D-tryptophan | 302780-32-1 | C19H16Cl2N2O4 | 407.253 |
—— | cyclo(D-Trp-D-Trp) | 916180-15-9 | C22H20N4O2 | 372.426 |
N-[N-[(1,1-二甲基乙氧基)羰基]-2-甲基丙氨酰]-D-色氨酸 | (R)-2-(2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2-methyl-propionylamino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propionic acid | 159634-94-3 | C20H27N3O5 | 389.451 |
D-1,2,3,4-四氢正哈尔满碱-3-羧酸 | (3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid | 72002-54-1 | C12H12N2O2 | 216.239 |
(S)-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶[3,4-b]吲哚-3-羧酸 | 3-carboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-carboline | 42438-90-4 | C12H12N2O2 | 216.239 |
—— | (R)-4-bromo-N-(1-hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide | 1053234-85-7 | C17H17BrN2O3S | 409.304 |
—— | (R)-2-(Biphenyl-4-sulfonylamino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propionic acid | 140645-36-9 | C23H20N2O4S | 420.489 |
—— | 2-imidazol-1-ylethyl (2R)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[[2-(4-methylphenyl)acetyl]amino]propanoate | 1407510-22-8 | C25H26N4O3 | 430.506 |
—— | methyl (2R)-2-[(4-ethenylphenyl)sulfonylamino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate | 203639-59-2 | C20H20N2O4S | 384.456 |
—— | trimethylsilyl (2R)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(tritylamino)propanoate | 1027970-96-2 | C33H34N2O2Si | 518.731 |
—— | Methyl 1-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-D-tryptophanate | 96572-82-6 | C17H22N2O4 | 318.373 |
—— | 2-imidazol-1-ylethyl (2R)-2-[[2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate | 1407510-21-7 | C24H23FN4O3 | 434.47 |
—— | (R)-1-[2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl]carbamoyl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 577978-04-2 | C23H34N4O5 | 446.547 |
—— | (R)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 81075-61-8 | C13H14N2O2 | 230.266 |
—— | (R)-1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]carbamoyl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 577978-10-0 | C20H30N4O3 | 374.483 |
—— | Boc-D-Trp-isoamylamide | 128684-51-5 | C21H31N3O3 | 373.495 |
—— | methyl (2R)-2-[[chloro(phenoxy)phosphoryl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate | 1027247-19-3 | C18H18ClN2O4P | 392.779 |
—— | Tryptophyl-Proline | 38136-75-3 | C16H19N3O3 | 301.345 |
—— | (R)-2(benzo[b]thiophen-5-ylmethanesulfonylamino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propionic acid | 348081-12-9 | C20H18N2O4S2 | 414.506 |
—— | (R)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-([2-(pirrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl)ethylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 577978-11-1 | C22H32N4O3 | 400.521 |
—— | (R)-1-[3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)propyl]carbamoyl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 577978-05-3 | C24H36N4O5 | 460.574 |
—— | (R)-1-[4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)butyl]carbamoyl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 577978-06-4 | C25H38N4O5 | 474.601 |
—— | (R)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 80994-41-8 | C14H16N2O2 | 244.293 |
—— | (R)-2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propionic acid | —— | C19H14N2O4 | 334.331 |
—— | (R)-N-Benzyl-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-propionamide | 173654-05-2 | C20H18F3N3O2 | 389.377 |
—— | N-t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-tryptophyl-D-tryptophan methyl ester | 253448-77-0 | C28H32N4O5 | 504.586 |
—— | (5R)-5-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-2,2,3-trimethylimidazolidin-4-one | 1435973-25-3 | C15H19N3O | 257.335 |
—— | (R)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(2-nitrobenzamido)propanoic acid | 1173180-35-2 | C18H15N3O5 | 353.334 |
—— | (R)-tert-butyl (3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamate | —— | C18H25N3O4 | 347.414 |
—— | (R)-1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4(5)-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 577978-12-2 | C21H27N5O3 | 397.477 |
—— | (R)-2-(5-bromo-thiophene-2-sulfonylamino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propionic acid | 203640-36-2 | C15H13BrN2O4S2 | 429.315 |
—— | (2R,4R)-monatin | 400769-81-5 | C14H16N2O5 | 292.291 |
—— | H-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)-O-CO-O-cyclohexyl)-OH | 1401719-33-2 | C25H33N3O8 | 503.552 |
D-色氨酸-D5 | [D5]-D-tryptophan | 1202359-57-6 | C11H12N2O2 | 209.189 |
—— | (R)-2-hydroxy-2-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-oxo-pentanedioic acid | 735328-71-9 | C14H13NO6 | 291.26 |
—— | 4-hydroxy-4-(3-indolylmethyl)-2-ketoglutaric acid | 551958-84-0 | C14H13NO6 | 291.26 |
—— | cyclo(Lys-D-Trp-D-Asp) | —— | C21H27N5O5 | 429.476 |
—— | cyclo(D-Lys-D-Trp-D-Asp) | —— | C21H27N5O5 | 429.476 |
—— | cyclo(Lys-D-Trp-Asp) | —— | C21H27N5O5 | 429.476 |
—— | cyclo(D-Lys-D-Trp-Asp) | —— | C21H27N5O5 | 429.476 |
—— | 4-(3-indolylmethyl)-2-trifluoromethyl-5(2H)-oxazolone | 126689-20-1 | C13H9F3N2O2 | 282.222 |
—— | Boc-D-Trp-Leu-NH2 | 577978-18-8 | C22H32N4O4 | 416.52 |
—— | N-Ac-Δz-Trp-(R)-Trp-OH | 117567-93-8 | C24H22N4O4 | 430.463 |
—— | tricyclo<3.3.1.13,7>dec-2-yl |
139657-18-4 | C31H39N3O3 | 501.669 |
—— | (R)-2-(5-ethynyl-thiophene-2-sulfonylamino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propionic acid | 1233395-62-4 | C17H14N2O4S2 | 374.441 |
—— | 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid | 191279-37-5 | C13H14N2O2 | 230.266 |
—— | (1R,3R)-1-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid | —— | C13H14N2O2 | 230.266 |
The hyaluronan that is present in extracellular matrices forms chiral mesh‐like structures in aqueous media. To understand the influence of specific environments on the stereoselectivity of chemical reactions, organocatalysis‐mediated aldol reactions in the presence of hyaluronan were investigated in water. In these experiments, changes in the diastereomeric ratio were observed in an aldol reaction under hyaluronan conditions.