色氨酸是人体必需氨基酸之一,化学名称为α-氨基-β-吲哚丙氨酸,简写为Try(或Trp)或W。它是一种非极性氨基酸,等电点为5.98,在水中溶解度不大,有苦味,约在波长280nm处有最大光吸收。色氨酸是最早被确认的必需氨基酸之一。作为蛋白质的组分和保持体内氮平衡方面发挥重要作用之外,其代谢产物——5-羟色胺不仅对外周血管有收缩作用,还对神经系统起控制作用;另一代谢产物为维生素B5。在植物体内,经过脱氨、脱羧等反应可形成植物生长激素——吲哚乙酸。
色氨酸属于芳香族氨基酸,在各种蛋白质中是一种含量最少但广泛存在的重要氨基酸。在人和动物体内,当饲料中缺乏尼克酸时,色氨酸的需要量会相应提高。色氨酸可通过化学合成、发酵法和天然蛋白质水解等方式生产。人工合成的产品为DL混合型色氨酸,对猪而言其生物利用率为L色氨酸的80%。DL-色氨酸外观为白色至淡黄色粉末,无臭或略带异味,难溶于水。
色氨酸可提高初生仔猪的抗病力和抗应激能力,从而提高仔猪成活率,一般在仔猪的人工乳中使用,添加量为0.02%~0.05%,但由于其价格昂贵,在生长肥育猪和繁殖种猪中通常不使用色氨酸添加剂。
DL-色氨酸是一种必须氨基酸,具有旋光性。L-型是药物成分之一,用于治疗烟酸缺乏症、氨基酸输液及综合氨基酸制剂等。它还可作为饲料添加剂参与动物体内血浆蛋白质的更新,并促进核黄素的作用,有助于烟酸和血红素的合成。
色氨酸生产方法包括发酵法、酶法和化学合成法:
此外,生产过程中还需注意提取、纯化以及后续处理步骤。这些方法各有优缺点,需根据实际情况选择合适的生产工艺。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
L-色氨酸 | L-Tryptophan | 73-22-3 | C11H12N2O2 | 204.228 |
甲基色氨酸 | DL-tryptophan methyl ester | 7303-49-3 | C12H14N2O2 | 218.255 |
—— | DL-tryptophan ethyl ester | 6519-66-0 | C13H16N2O2 | 232.282 |
—— | tryptophan isopropyl ester | 81084-87-9 | C14H18N2O2 | 246.309 |
N-乙酰-DL-色氨酸 | N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan | 87-32-1 | C13H14N2O3 | 246.266 |
—— | N-methoxycarbonyltryptophan | —— | C13H14N2O4 | 262.265 |
4-氯色氨酸 | 4-chloro-DL-tryptophan | 118244-93-2 | C11H11ClN2O2 | 238.674 |
—— | Nb-methoxycarbonyl-DL-tryptophan methyl ester | 66377-68-2 | C14H16N2O4 | 276.292 |
3-(3-吲哚基)-2-氧代丙酸 | Indole-3-pyruvic acid | 392-12-1 | C11H9NO3 | 203.197 |
2-乙酰氨基-3-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙酸乙酯 | acetyltryptophan ethylester | 42717-06-6 | C15H18N2O3 | 274.32 |
—— | N-benzoyl-D,L-tryptophan | 2901-79-3 | C18H16N2O3 | 308.337 |
—— | Nα-ethoxycarbonyl-DL-tryptophan-ethyl ester | 149828-46-6 | C16H20N2O4 | 304.346 |
—— | α-(hydroxyimino)-β-(indol-3-yl)propionic acid | 60438-65-5 | C11H10N2O3 | 218.212 |
—— | rac-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(benzoylamino)propionic acid methyl ester | 104331-05-7 | C19H18N2O3 | 322.364 |
—— | Methyl N-(diphenylmethylene)-D,L-tryptophanates | 118553-32-5 | C25H22N2O2 | 382.462 |
他达拉非杂质63 | DL-5-indolylmethylhydantoin | 21753-16-2 | C12H11N3O2 | 229.238 |
—— | ethyl 2-formamido-3-(3-indolyl)-2-carbethoxypropionate | 64258-95-3 | C17H20N2O5 | 332.356 |
—— | Boc-Trp(For) | 47355-10-2 | C17H20N2O5 | 332.356 |
—— | acetylamino-indol-3-ylmethyl-malonic acid diethyl ester | 5379-97-5 | C18H22N2O5 | 346.383 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
L-色氨酸 | L-Tryptophan | 73-22-3 | C11H12N2O2 | 204.228 |
D-色氨酸 | D-tryptophan | 153-94-6 | C11H12N2O2 | 204.228 |
甲基色氨酸 | DL-tryptophan methyl ester | 7303-49-3 | C12H14N2O2 | 218.255 |
D-色氨酸甲酯 | D-Tryptophan methyl ester | 22032-65-1 | C12H14N2O2 | 218.255 |
—— | DL-tryptophan ethyl ester | 6519-66-0 | C13H16N2O2 | 232.282 |
DL-色氨醇 | 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-1-ol | 526-53-4 | C11H14N2O | 190.245 |
—— | Tryptophan-n-propylester | 119377-07-0 | C14H18N2O2 | 246.309 |
—— | tryptophan isopropyl ester | 81084-87-9 | C14H18N2O2 | 246.309 |
—— | (+/-)-Tryptophan butylester | 13552-84-6 | C15H20N2O2 | 260.336 |
—— | tryptophan n-pentyl ester | —— | C16H22N2O2 | 274.363 |
—— | α-BOC-tryptamine | 16874-09-2 | C15H20N2O2 | 260.336 |
6-氯-DL-色氨酸 | 6-chloro-tryptophan | 17808-21-8 | C11H11ClN2O2 | 238.674 |
—— | tryptophan isoamyl ester | 669773-91-5 | C16H22N2O2 | 274.363 |
NΑ-甲酰基-DL-色氨酸 | n-formyl-tryptophan | 16108-03-5 | C12H12N2O3 | 232.239 |
—— | dl-N-allyltryptophan | 14464-01-8 | C14H16N2O2 | 244.293 |
(S)-alpha-氨基-1H-吲哚-3-丙酰胺 | L-tryptophanamide | 20696-57-5 | C11H13N3O | 203.244 |
2-氨基-3-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-丙酰胺 | DL-tryptophanamide | 6720-02-1 | C11H13N3O | 203.244 |
—— | dl-N-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)tryptophan | 1312777-95-9 | C16H20N2O2 | 272.347 |
—— | tryptophan benzyl ester | 774485-83-5 | C18H18N2O2 | 294.353 |
—— | N-Formyltryptophan methyl ester | 16108-04-6 | C13H14N2O3 | 246.266 |
N-乙酰-DL-色氨酸 | N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan | 87-32-1 | C13H14N2O3 | 246.266 |
N-乙酰-L-色氨酸 | N-AcTrp | 1218-34-4 | C13H14N2O3 | 246.266 |
—— | methyl 2-(dimethylaminomethylideneamino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate | 59824-39-4 | C15H19N3O2 | 273.335 |
—— | 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propionic acid hydrazide | 46503-78-0 | C11H14N4O | 218.258 |
—— | 3-amino-4-(1H-3-indolyl)butanenitrile | 66087-99-8 | C12H13N3 | 199.255 |
—— | 3-amino-4-(1H-3-indolyl)butanenitrile | 66087-99-8 | C12H13N3 | 199.255 |
1-甲基-色氨酸 | 2-amino-3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-propanoic acid | 26988-72-7 | C12H14N2O2 | 218.255 |
—— | N-methoxycarbonyltryptophan | —— | C13H14N2O4 | 262.265 |
甘氨酰-DL-色氨酸 | Nα-glycyl-DL-tryptophan | 2189-26-6 | C13H15N3O3 | 261.28 |
2-[(2-氯乙酰基)氨基]-3-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙酸 | N2-(chloroacetyl)-DL-tryptophan | 79189-76-7 | C13H13ClN2O3 | 280.711 |
—— | Nα-ethoxycarbonyl-DL-tryptophan | 22223-38-7 | C14H16N2O4 | 276.292 |
—— | 6-nitrotryptophan | 36802-39-8 | C11H11N3O4 | 249.226 |
—— | N-p-toluyl-DL-tryptophane | 92467-11-3 | C18H18N2O2 | 294.353 |
—— | N-acetyltryptophan methyl ester | —— | C14H16N2O3 | 260.293 |
—— | Nα-allyloxycarbonyl-DL-tryptophan | 110637-46-2 | C15H16N2O4 | 288.303 |
—— | 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[(3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)amino]propanoic acid | 92515-11-2 | C20H20N2O3 | 336.39 |
—— | D-(+)-Nbbenzyltryptophan methyl ester | 63229-68-5 | C19H20N2O2 | 308.38 |
—— | 2-imino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid | 871023-09-5 | C11H10N2O2 | 202.213 |
—— | 2-(4-chloroanilino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid | 92467-12-4 | C17H15ClN2O2 | 314.771 |
—— | Boc-L-TryOH | 13139-14-5 | C16H20N2O4 | 304.346 |
—— | N-Ac-Gly-Trp-OH | —— | C15H17N3O4 | 303.318 |
—— | (R,S)-α-<(trifluoroacetyl)amino>-1H-indole-3-propanoic acid | 7650-27-3 | C13H11F3N2O3 | 300.237 |
N-叔丁氧羰基-L-色氨酸 | Boc-Trp-OH | 13139-14-5 | C16H20N2O4 | 304.346 |
—— | 3-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-2-phenylacetylamino-propionic acid | —— | C19H18N2O3 | 322.364 |
—— | 3-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-2-isobutoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid | —— | C16H20N2O4 | 304.346 |
色胺 | tryptamine | 61-54-1 | C10H12N2 | 160.219 |
—— | N-dodecanoyl-DL-tryptophan | —— | C23H34N2O3 | 386.535 |
—— | 2-tetradecanoyl carboxamidyl-3-(3-indolyl)propamoic acid | —— | C25H38N2O3 | 414.588 |
3-吲哚-乳酸 | indole-3-lactic acid | 1821-52-9 | C11H11NO3 | 205.213 |
3-(3-吲哚基)-2-氧代丙酸 | Indole-3-pyruvic acid | 392-12-1 | C11H9NO3 | 203.197 |
—— | 3-amino-4-(1H-3-indolyl)butanoic acid ethyl ester | —— | C14H18N2O2 | 246.309 |
—— | 3-amino-4-(1H-3-indolyl)butanoic acid ethyl ester | 854457-04-8 | C14H18N2O2 | 246.309 |
—— | Nα-(3-phenylpropionyl)tryptophan | 475101-82-7 | C20H20N2O3 | 336.39 |
D-酪氨酸,O-乙基-(9CI) | Nα-dihydrocinnamoyl-L-tryptophan | 74717-58-1 | C20H20N2O3 | 336.39 |
—— | N-Acetyl-L-tryptophan-azlacton | 99437-65-7 | C13H12N2O2 | 228.25 |
—— | Nα-(4-phenylbutanoyl)tryptophan | 86432-33-9 | C21H22N2O3 | 350.417 |
4-(1H-吲哚-3-基甲基)-1,3-恶唑烷-2,5-二酮 | N-carboxy-DL-tryptophan anhydride | 34487-85-9 | C12H10N2O3 | 230.223 |
—— | 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-{[3-(trimethylsilyl)prop-2-ynoyl]amino}propanoic acid | —— | C17H20N2O3Si | 328.443 |
—— | N-benzoyl-D,L-tryptophan | 2901-79-3 | C18H16N2O3 | 308.337 |
—— | 2-[(diphenylboryl)oxy]-1-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-2-oxoethylamine | 13488-30-7 | C23H21BN2O2 | 368.243 |
—— | 2-(((benzylthio)carbonothioyl)amino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid | —— | C19H18N2O2S2 | 370.496 |
2-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-3-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙酸甲酯 | Boc-Trp-OMe | 141215-69-2 | C17H22N2O4 | 318.373 |
苯甲氧羰基-DL-色氨酸 | carbobenzyloxy-L-trytophan | 13058-16-7 | C19H18N2O4 | 338.363 |
N-乙酰基色胺 | N-Acetyltryptamine | 1016-47-3 | C12H14N2O | 202.256 |
L-4-甲氧基色氨酸 | 4-methoxy-L-tryptophan | 406938-53-2 | C12H14N2O3 | 234.255 |
N-(4-氯苯甲酰)-L-色氨酸 | Benzotript | 39544-74-6 | C18H15ClN2O3 | 342.782 |
—— | benzotript | 56116-67-7 | C18H15ClN2O3 | 342.782 |
—— | Nα-(4-aminobenzoyl)tryptophan | 39545-05-6 | C18H17N3O3 | 323.351 |
—— | Ni-(4-phenylbutyl)-L-tryptophan | 142907-00-4 | C21H24N2O2 | 336.434 |
—— | rac-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(benzoylamino)propionic acid methyl ester | 104331-05-7 | C19H18N2O3 | 322.364 |
—— | Nα-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-azepin-2-yl)-DL-tryptophan | 109650-46-6 | C17H21N3O2 | 299.373 |
—— | N-[(2R)-1-cyano-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-2-yl]butanamide | 854457-12-8 | C16H19N3O | 269.346 |
—— | Nα-phenylmethanesulfonyl-DL-tryptophan | 6297-58-1 | C18H18N2O4S | 358.418 |
—— | N'-(2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl)isonicotinohydrazide | —— | C17H17N5O2 | 323.354 |
—— | N-acetyltryptophan | 2079-44-9 | C13H14N2O3 | 246.266 |
—— | Nα-Trt-Tryptophan | 188943-09-1 | C30H26N2O2 | 446.549 |
苄氧羰基-甘氨酰-甘氨酰-色氨酸 | Cbz-glycylglycyltryptophan | 83798-91-8 | C23H24N4O6 | 452.467 |
—— | Diphenylacetyl-DL-tryptophan | 78490-38-7 | C25H22N2O3 | 398.461 |
—— | 2-acetylthiophene tryptophan | —— | C17H16N2O2S | 312.392 |
—— | N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-amido-tryptophan | 54503-12-7 | C16H21N3O3 | 303.361 |
5-羟基色胺 | 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol | 50-67-9 | C10H12N2O | 176.218 |
—— | N-acetyl (2SR)-(2-(2)H)-tryptophan | 80525-43-5 | C13H14N2O3 | 247.258 |
—— | N-o-chlorobenzoyl-DL-tryptophane | 39545-27-2 | C18H15ClN2O3 | 342.782 |
—— | isopropyl Nb-(diphenylmethylene)-(+/-)-tryptophanoate | 143998-51-0 | C27H26N2O2 | 410.516 |
—— | 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)acetamido]propanoic acid | —— | C23H26N4O3 | 406.484 |
—— | (+/-)-Na-methyl-Nb-benzyltriptophan methyl ester | 19779-76-1 | C20H22N2O2 | 322.407 |
—— | Nα-(4-nitro-benzoyl)-DL-tryptophan | 39545-06-7 | C18H15N3O5 | 353.334 |
—— | isopropyl Nb-(diphenylmethyl)-(+/-)-tryptophanoate | 143998-53-2 | C27H28N2O2 | 412.532 |
吲哚-3-乙醛 | indole-3-acetaldehyde | 2591-98-2 | C10H9NO | 159.188 |
—— | Nα-tosyltryptophan | —— | C18H18N2O4S | 358.418 |
—— | 4-nitrotryptophan | —— | C11H11N3O4 | 249.226 |
—— | 4-nitrotryptophan | 3226-58-2 | C11H11N3O4 | 249.226 |
—— | Nα-[(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)-acetyl]-DL-tryptophan | 80913-71-9 | C19H16Cl2N2O4 | 407.253 |
3-吲哚乙酸 | 3-indolacetic acid | 87-51-4 | C10H9NO2 | 175.187 |
—— | 2-(1-Adamantan-1-yl-1-methyl-ethoxycarbonylamino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propionic acid | —— | C25H32N2O4 | 424.54 |
—— | methyl 2-amino-3-(4-nitro-1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate | —— | C12H13N3O4 | 263.253 |
2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-beta-咔啉-3-甲酸 | 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid | 6052-68-2 | C12H12N2O2 | 216.239 |
—— | methyl 2-(4-methylphenylsulfonamido)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate | 79659-73-7 | C19H20N2O4S | 372.445 |
(S)-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶[3,4-b]吲哚-3-羧酸 | 3-carboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-carboline | 42438-90-4 | C12H12N2O2 | 216.239 |