二甲基亚砜 | 67-68-5

• 物质功能分类: 有机原料 - 有机硫化合物
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机硫化合物 - 亚砜
• 中文名称: 二甲基亚砜
• 中文别名: 二甲亚砜；二甲基亞碸；二甲基亚砜(药用)；DMSO；亚硫酰基双甲烷
• 英文名称: dimethyl sulfoxide
• 英文别名: Dimethyl sulphoxide；Dimethysulfoxide；DMSO；(methylsulfinyl)methane；S(O)Me2；methylsulfinylmethane
• CAS: 67-68-5
• 化学式: C₂H₆OS
• mdl: MFCD00002089
• 分子量: 78.135
• InChiKey: IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  18.4 °C
• 沸点：
  189 °C(lit.)
• 密度：
  1.100 g/mL at 20 °C
• 蒸气密度：
  2.7 (vs air)
• 闪点：
  192 °F
• 溶解度：
  混溶（完全）于水中
• 最大波长(λmax)：
  λ: 285 nm Amax: ≤0.20λ: 295 nm Amax: ≤0.20
• 介电常数：
  41.9（55℃）
• LogP：
  -1.35
• 物理描述：
  Dimethyl sulfoxide appears as a clear liquid, essentially odorless. Closed cup flash point 192°F. Vapors are heavier than air. Contact with the skin may cause stinging and burning and lead to an odor of garlic on the breath. An excellent solvent that can transport toxic solutes through the skin. High vapor concentrations may cause headache, dizziness, and sedation.
• 颜色/状态：
  Colorless liquid
• 气味：
  Slightly sulfurous odor
• 味道：
  Slightly bitter taste with sweet after-taste
• 蒸汽密度：
  2.71 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
• 蒸汽压力：
  0.60 mm Hg at 25 °C
• 亨利常数：
  1.51e-09 atm-m3/mole
• 大气OH速率常数：
  6.20e-11 cm3/molecule*sec
• 自燃温度：
  419 °F (215 °C)
• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /sulfur oxides/.
• 粘度：
  2.47cP at 20 °C
• 燃烧热：
  -10,890 Btu/lb = -6050 Cal/g
• 汽化热：
  47.3 kJ/mol at 70 °C
• 折光率：
  Index of refraction: 1.4783 at 20 °C/D
• 解离常数：
  pKa = 35.1
• 保留指数：
  782;786.6;777;780;784;780;790;781.4;772;784;784;787
• 稳定性/保质期：
  1. 无色液体，可燃，几乎无臭且带有苦味。它是一种极性的有机溶剂，可以与水以任意比例混合，并能溶解大多数有机溶剂（除石油醚外）。在20℃时，该物质能吸收氯化氢30%（重量）、二氧化氮30%（重量）和二氧化硫65%（重量）。具有强烈的吸湿性，在相对湿度为60%的20℃环境下，可从空气中吸收相当于自身重量70%的水分。二甲亚砜是弱氧化剂，不含水的二甲基亚砜对金属无腐蚀性；但含水时会腐蚀铁、铜等金属（不腐蚀铝），且对碱稳定。在酸性条件下加热会产生少量甲基硫醇、甲醛、二甲基硫和甲磺酸等化合物。高温下会发生分解，遇氯可能发生激烈反应，在空气中燃烧时发出淡蓝色火焰。 2. 二甲亚砜的化学性质包括：还原生成甲硫醚；与强氧化剂作用可被氧化成二甲砜。 3. 当二甲亚砜接触酰氯类物质（如氰尿酰氯、苯酰氯、乙酰氯、苯碘酰氯、亚硫酰氯、硫酰氯和三氯化磷）时，会发生激烈的放热分解反应。与硝酸结合生成(CH3)2SO·NHO3；与碳酸钡作用可使二甲亚砜再生；与浓氢碘酸作用生成二甲硫磺化合物。 4. 由于二甲亚砜具有吸水性，使用前需要进行干燥处理。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.6
• 重原子数：
  4
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  36.3
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

代谢

二甲基亚砜在人体内通过氧化代谢为二甲基硫或通过还原代谢为二甲基硫化物。二甲基亚砜和二甲基硫在尿液和粪便中排出。

Dimethyl sulfoxide is metabolized in man by oxidation to dimethyl sulfone or by reduction in dimethyl sulfide. Dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl sulfone are excreted in the urine and feces.

来源:DrugBank

代谢

二甲基亚砜在人體內通過氧化轉化為二甲基砜，或者通過還原轉化為二甲基硫化物。

Dimethyl sulfoxide is metabolized in man by oxidation to dimethyl sulfone or by reduction to dimethyl sulfide.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

自身免疫型MRL/Ipr、C3H/lpr和雄性BXSB小鼠在饮用3% DMSO或3% DMS02的水中持续治疗，随意饮用，从1到2个月大开始，此时还不能检测到自发性自身免疫淋巴增殖性疾病的发育。这代表DMSO的剂量为8-10 g/kg/天，DMS02的剂量为6-8 g/kg/天。两种化合物都能将MRL/Ipr小鼠的平均寿命从5.5个月延长到超过10个月。所有品系的小鼠抗核抗体反应减弱，淋巴结病、脾肿大和贫血的发展显著减少。然而，血清IgG水平和脾IgM抗体斑块形成与对照值没有差异。没有系统性免疫抑制或抗增殖作用的迹象，治疗动物观察到保持健康和活力，没有毒性迹象。这些结果表明，高剂量的DMSO及其主要体内代谢物DMSO2都能显著预防小鼠自身免疫淋巴增殖性疾病的发展。

Autoimmune strain MRL/Ipr, C3H/lpr, and male BXSB mice were placed on a continuous treatment regimen with 3% DMSO or 3% DMS02 in the drinking water, ad libitum, commencing at 1 to 2 months of age, before spontaneous autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease development could be detected. This represented doses of 8-10 g/kg/day of DMSO and 6-8 g/kg/day of DMS02. Both compounds were observed to extend the mean life span of MRL/Ipr mice from 5.5 months to over 10 months of age. All strains showed decreased antinuclear antibody responses and significant diminution of lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and anemia development. Serum IgG levels and spleen IgM antibody plaque formation, however, did not differ from control values. There was no indication of involvement of systemic immunosuppressive or antiproliferative effects, and treated animals were observed to remain healthy and vigorous with no signs of toxicity. These results demonstrate that high doses of both DMSO and its major in vivo metabolite, DMSO2, provide significant protection against the development of murine autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

在人体中，DMSO被氧化成二甲基硫酮DMSO2，这种代谢物通过尿液排出（17-22%）。DMSO被还原成二甲基硫化物，DMS，这是一种挥发性代谢物，负责呼出空气中的大蒜气味（1%）。大约85%以原形排出，通过尿液（50%）和粪便（50%）排出。

In man, DMSO is oxidized into dimethylsulfone DMSO2, metabolite excreted by urine (17-22 %). DMSO is reduced into dimethylsulfide, DMS, a volatile metabolite, responsible for garlic odour of exhaled air (1 %). About 85 % is excreted unchanged, both by urine (50 %) and feces (50 %).

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

二甲基亚砜在人體內通過氧化轉化為二甲基砜，或者通過還原轉化為二甲基硫化物。二甲基亚砜和二甲基砜通過尿液和粪便排出。 消除途径：二甲基亚砜和二甲基砜通過尿液和粪便排出。

Dimethyl sulfoxide is metabolized in man by oxidation to dimethyl sulfone or by reduction in dimethyl sulfide. Dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl sulfone are excreted in the urine and feces. Route of Elimination: Dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl sulfone are excreted in the urine and feces.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

识别和使用：二甲亚砜（DMSO）是一种无色、高度吸湿性的液体。它是一种在药物制剂领域有着悠久历史的分子，现在已被公认为局部药物配方中的渗透促进剂。目前，它被作为药物处方用于二氯芬酸钠局部溶液（在美国批准用于治疗骨关节炎的迹象和症状）和碘苷局部溶液（在欧洲批准用于治疗带状疱疹）。DMSO用于治疗间质性膀胱炎的症状缓解。DMSO不是营养补充剂，它被代谢为甲磺酰甲烷（MSM），后者可作为营养补充剂。DMSO用于细胞群体的冷冻保存，包括干细胞、胚胎和各种细胞培养。它还用作工业溶剂，与水混合时用作防冻剂或液压油。人类暴露和毒性：皮肤接触DMSO会导致皮肤反应、红斑和瘙痒，这些症状在与未稀释物质接触后立即出现；70%的溶液通常不会出现症状。然而，在非常敏感的人中，即使是10%的溶液也可能引起反应。在人类中，局部和皮内应用DMSO会产生大蒜味呼吸、肥大细胞脱粒、多形核白细胞和血管周围嗜酸性粒细胞的增加、瘙痒以及组胺介导的和非组胺依赖的荨麻疹和红斑。超过50%的DMSO两滴进入眼睛会引起暂时的灼烧感和血管扩张；低于50%的浓度没有效果。已经报道了一例DMSO经皮肤暴露后引起的硫血红蛋白血症。动物研究：为了研究急性DMSO暴露的影响，未经剃毛的大鼠被浸入DMSO溶液中。没有立即反应，但在24小时内，浸入100% DMSO的14只大鼠中有13只死亡。给5只雄性和5只雌性大鼠的单次静脉注射未稀释的DMSO。剂量水平为2.5、5.0和10克/千克。每个剂量在1分钟内给药。动物在DMSO给药后观察14天，除了一例外，死亡都发生在前24小时内。死亡前出现震颤、肌无力、呼吸困难，偶尔有抽搐。非致死剂量的DMSO会导致活动能力下降和肌无力。32只雄性大鼠暴露于每立方米空气200毫克DMSO，每天7小时，每周5天，持续6周，共30次暴露。在6周的实验期间，暴露的动物没有出现任何外部毒性迹象。在暴露的第一天，每只大鼠的呼吸中都能检测到典型的DMSO暴露的大蒜味。将药级DMSO的90%溶液通过胃管给予4组猕猴，每周7天，最多持续87周。给药剂量相当于990、2970和8910毫克/千克/天。口服给予DMSO的动物的主要物理体征包括偶尔的过度流涎和呕吐。厌食只有在高口服剂量时才会发生。在治疗期间对猕猴进行体检时没有发现与DMSO相关的变化。在尸检的肉眼检查中没有发现归因于DMSO的显著病变。处理过的动物的眼睛镜头中未见组织学变化。在发育研究中，将5-6只怀孕的金仓鼠在第8天怀孕时注射DMSO稀释液，剂量从50到5500毫克/千克静脉注射或5500和8250毫克/千克腹腔注射。3天后检查胚胎，发现直到达到2500毫克/千克的水平，才注意到胚胎致死或致畸效应。在更高水平上，发现了包括露脑、肋骨融合、小眼症、肢体异常和唇裂的畸形。DMSO对母体体重增加或健康没有明显影响。在中华仓鼠卵巢细胞中测试了DMSO，最高浓度为5000微克/毫升，有或没有代谢激活。DMSO没有诱导细胞毒性或细胞周期延迟，也没有诱导SCEs发生率的增加。腹膜内注射DMSO没有诱导果蝇黑腹的性连锁隐性致死，也没有使性染色体丢失的频率超过自发水平。在五个沙门氏菌测试株（TA 98、100、1535、1537、1538）中测试了DMSO。在存在和不存在代谢激活的情况下，DMSO呈阴性。生态毒性研究：腹腔注射DMSO对大鳞大马哈鱼（Oncorhynchus tshawytscha）的急性毒性（克/千克体重）：LD50 = 12.0，红大马哈鱼（Oncorhynchus nerka）：LD50 = 13.0，银大马哈鱼（Oncorhynchus kisutch）：LD50 = 16.0和虹鳟鱼（Salmo gardneri）：LD50 = 17.0。鱼通常在24小时内死亡；然而，一些鱼在24到48小时之间死亡。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a colorless, very hygroscopic, liquid. It is a molecule with a long history in pharmaceutics and is now well established as a penetration enhancer in topical pharmaceutical formulations. It is currently prescribed as medication for this purpose in diclofenac sodium topical solution (approved in the United States to treat signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis) and idoxuridine topical solution (approved in Europe for the treatment of herpes zoster). DMSO is used as a medication for symptomatic relief of interstitial cystitis. DMSO is not a nutritional supplement, it is metabolized to methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), which is available as a nutritional supplement. DMSO is used in the cryopreservation of cell populations including stem cells, embryos, and various cell cultures. It is also used as an Industrial solvent and as antifreeze or hydraulic fluid when mixed with water. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Dermal exposure to DMSO causes skin reactions, erythema and pruritis, which appear immediately after contact with the undiluted substance; 70% solutions are usually tolerated without symptoms. In very sensitive individuals, however, reactions have been seen after contact with 10% solutions. In humans, topical and intradermal application of DMSO produced garlic breath, mast cell degranulation, an increase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and perivascular eosinophils, itching, and histamine mediated and non-histamine dependent whealing and erythematous flare. Two drops of >50% DMSO in the eye caused a temporary burning sensation and vasodilatation; concentrations of <50% exhibited no effects. A case of sulhemoglobinemia after dermal exposure to DMSO has been described. ANIMAL STUDIES: To study the effects of acute DMSO exposure unshaven rats were immersed in a DMSO solution. There was no immediate response, but within 24 hours 13/14 rats dipped into 100% DMSO were dead. Single i.v. injections of undiluted DMSO were administered to groups of 5 male and 5 female rats. Dose levels were 2.5, 5.0, and 10 g/kg. Each dose was administered over a 1-minute interval. Animals were observed for 14 days following DMSO administration and with one exception, deaths occurred within the first 24 hours. Death was preceded by tremors, myasthenia, dyspnea, and occasionally, convulsions. Non-lethal doses of DMSO produced decreased motoractivity and myasthenia. A total of 32 male rats were exposed to 200 mg DMSO per cubic meter of air for 7 hr/day, 5 days a week, for 6 weeks for 30 exposures. There were no outward toxic signs noted in any of the exposed animals throughout the experimental period of 6 weeks. A garlic-like odor, characteristic of DMSO exposure, was detected in the breath of each of the rats after the first day of exposure. Pharmaceutical-grade DMSO was administered as a 90% solution to 4 groups of rhesus monkeys by gastric intubation, 7 days a week for up to 87 weeks. Dosages administered were equivalent to 990, 2970, and 8910 mg/kg/day. The principal physical signs seen in the animals given DMSO orally included sporadic excess salivation and emesis. Anorexia only occurred at high oral doses. No DMSO-related changes were found in the treated monkeys during physical examinations. No significant lesions attributable to DMSO were found upon gross examination at necropsy. No histologic changes were visible in the lenses of treated animals. In developmental studies groups of 5 -6 pregnant golden hamsters were injected with dilutions of DMSO ranging from 50 to 5500 mg/kg iv or 5500 and 8250 mg/kg ip on the eighth day of gestation. Examination of the embryos 3 days later revealed that no embryocidal or teratogenic effects were noted until levels of 2500 mg/kg were reached. At higher levels, malformations, including exencephaly, rib fusions, microphthalmia, limb abnormalities and cleft lip were found. There was no appreciable effect of DMSO on maternal weight gain or health. DMSO was tested in Chinese hamster ovary cells to a maximum concentration of 5000 ug/mL with and without metabolic activation. DMSO did not induce cell toxicity or cell cycle delay, and did not induce an increase in the incidence of SCEs. Intraabdominal injection of DMSO did not induce sex-linked recessive lethals and did not raise the frequency of sex chromosome loss above the spontaneous level in Drosophila melanogaster. DMSO was tested in five S. typhimurium tester strains (TA 98, 100, 1535, 1537, 1538). DMSO was negative, in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: The acute toxicity (g/kg bw) of i.p. DMSO injection to chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): LD50 = 12.0, sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): LD50 = 13.0, coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): LD50 = 16.0 and rainbow trout (Salmo gardneri): LD50 = 17.0. Fish usually died within 24 hr; however, a few died between 24 and 48 hours.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

二甲基亚砜的作用机制尚不完全清楚。在某些生物环境中，二甲基亚砜展现了抗氧化活性。例如，二甲基亚砜在铜缺乏大鼠中的心血管保护作用被认为是通过抗氧化机制发生的。还认为二甲基亚砜可能的抗炎活性是由于其抗氧化作用。

The mechanism of dimethyl sulfoxide's actions is not well understood. Dimethyl sulfoxide has demonstrated antioxidant activity in certain biological settings. For example, the cardiovascular protective effect of dimethyl sulfoxide in copper-deficient rats is thought to occur by an antioxidant mechanism. It is also thought that dimethyl sulfoxide's possible anti-inflammatory activity is due to antioxidant action.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类无致癌性（未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

这种物质可以通过吸入、皮肤接触和摄入被身体吸收。

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

局部的；通过肠道给药（膀胱内给药）。经所有途径给药后都能迅速且容易地被吸收，并分布到全身。

Topical ; parenteral(intravesical). Readily and rapidly absorbed following administration by all routes and distributed throughout the body.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

吸收、分配和排泄

• 吸收

经所有途径给药后，迅速且容易地被吸收，并分布全身。

Readily and rapidly absorbed following administration by all routes and distributed throughout the body.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

• 消除途径

二甲亚砜和二甲砜通过尿液和粪便排出。

Dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl sulfone are excreted in the urine and feces.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

DMSO经局部应用后会被吸收并在组织和体液中广泛分布。DMSO和二甲基硫醜在尿液和粪便中排出。DMSO通过呼吸和皮肤排出，并是导致特征性大蒜味的元凶。二甲基硫醜在单次膀胱内灌注后可以在血清中持续存在超过2周。在长期治疗后，没有发现DMSO的残留积累。

Following topical application, DMSO is absorbed and widely distributed in tissue and body fluids. DMSO and dimethyl sulfone are excreted in the urine and feces. DMSO is eliminated through the breath and skin and is responsible for the characteristic garlic odor. ... Dimethyl sulfone can persist in serum > 2 weeks after a single intravesical instillation. No residual accumulation of DMSO has occurred after treatment from protracted periods of time.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

二甲基亚砜及其代谢物之一，二甲基砜，通过尿液和粪便排出。另一种代谢物，二甲基硫醚，则通过呼吸和皮肤排出...

Dimethyl sulfoxide and /one of its metabolites/ dimethyl sulfone, are excreted in the urine and feces. Dimethyl sulfide /another metabolite/ is eliminated through the breath and skin...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

通过使用傅立叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱成像技术，本研究检查了在体外高渗生物兼容剂渗透皮肤组织时发生的动态光学澄清过程。时间序列中的连续图像收集提供了评估二甲基亚砜（DMSO）和甘油在皮肤组织表面下随时间渗透动力学的机会。从2-D IR光谱图像和3-D伪彩图可以看出，甘油至少需要30分钟才能最终渗透到表皮层，而DMSO在涂抹于猪皮角质层侧面后仅4分钟就可以在表皮中被检测到。结果表明，FTIR光谱成像技术作为一种分析工具，在研究生物组织被高渗生物兼容剂如甘油和DMSO浸渍时的动态光学澄清效果方面具有潜力。

By use of a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging technique, /this study examined/ the dynamic optical clearing processes occurring in hyperosmotically biocompatible agents penetrating into skin tissue in vitro. The sequential collection of images in a time series provides an opportunity to assess penetration kinetics of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and glycerol beneath the surface of skin tissue over time. From 2-D IR spectroscopic images and 3-D false color diagrams, ...show/s/ that glycerol takes at least 30 min to finally penetrate the layer of epidermis, while DMSO can be detected in epidermis after only 4 min of being topically applied over stratum corneum sides of porcine skin. The results demonstrate the potential of a FTIR spectroscopic imaging technique as an analytical tool for the study of dynamic optical clearing effects when the bio-tissue is impregnated by hyperosmotically biocompatible agents such as glycerol and DMSO.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险品标志：
  Xi
• 安全说明：
  S24/25,S26,S37/39
• 危险类别码：
  R36/37/38
• WGK Germany：
  1
• 海关编码：
  29309070
• 危险品运输编号：
  NA 1993 / PGIII
• RTECS号：
  PV6210000
• 包装等级：
  Z01
• 储存条件：
  1. 本品应密封存放在阴凉干燥处避光保存。 2. 本品采用铝桶、塑料桶或玻璃瓶包装，并需储存在阴凉通风的干燥环境中，按易燃有毒物品的规定进行储存和运输。

制备方法与用途

根据您的要求，我总结了关于二甲基亚砜的一些关键信息：

物理化学性质

• 外观与性状：无色液体。
• 溶解性：几乎无臭、苦味。溶于水、乙醇、丙酮、乙醚、苯和氯仿等有机溶剂。
• 酸碱性：呈弱碱性，但对酸不稳定。

生产方法

1. 甲醇二硫化碳法
2. 双氧水分解法
3. 二氧化氮氧化法
4. 硫酸二甲酯法
5. 阳极氧化法

主要用途

• 有机合成：作为反应介质及有机合成中间体。
• 提取分离：用于丙烯酸树脂、聚砜树脂聚合，腈纶纺丝溶剂等。
• 医药领域：具有消炎止痛作用，可用于药物的渗透和输送。
• 农药增效：用作农药添加剂，提高药效。
• 染料工业：用作合成纤维的染色溶剂、去染剂及有机合成染料。

化学性质

• 二甲基亚砜在高温下会分解，在空气中燃烧时产生淡蓝色火焰，并且遇氯会发生剧烈反应。
• 它能与酸发生反应生成盐，但总体上不具有明显的酸碱性。

安全信息

• 小鼠经口LD50为1700mg/kg，表明它有一定的毒性。使用时需注意防护措施。

注意事项

• 在生产过程中需要注意温度控制以避免分解。
• 使用或储存时应远离火源和强酸环境，确保安全操作。

以上信息涵盖了二甲基亚砜的基本物理化学性质、生产方法以及主要用途等方面的内容。希望这些信息对您有所帮助！

上下游信息

• 下游产品

  中文名称	英文名称	CAS号	化学式	分子量
  二甲基砜	dimethylsulfone	67-71-0	C2H6O2S	94.1344

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  二甲基亚砜 在 盐酸 作用下， 24.85 ℃ 、133.32 Pa 条件下， 生成 甲基自由基
  参考文献：
  名称：

  X 和 XO (X = Cl, Br) 与二甲基亚砜反应的动力学和机理研究

  摘要：

  在298 K和1 Torr氦气的总压力下，采用质谱放电流动法研究了二甲基亚砜（DMSO）与Cl、Br、ClO和BrO的反应动力学和机理。反应 Cl + DMSO → 产物 (1) 的速率系数在伪一级条件下测量，无论是超过 DMSO 还是超过 Cl 原子：k1 = (2.05 ± 0.35) × 10-11 cm3 分子-1 s-1（引用的不确定性包括估计的系统误差）。HCl 和 CH3 都被检测为反应 (1) 的产物，并且发现形成这些物质的通道的支化率分别为 0.91 ± 0.15 和 0.10 ± 0.02。对于反应 Br + DMSO → 产物 (2)，HBr 和 CH3 形成通道（分别为 2a 和 2b）的速率常数由这些产物的形成动力学确定：k2a = (1.1 ± 0.3) × 10−14 和 k2b = (1.2 ± 0.3) × 10−15 cm3 分子−1 s−1。对于 ClO

  DOI：

  10.1039/b302675b
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  二甲基硫 在 过氧化脲素 作用下， 以 乙醇 为溶剂， 以98%的产率得到二甲基亚砜
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Salen铜（II）配合物在中孔MCM-41上作为纳米反应器催化剂进行了异质处理，用于使用过氧化脲氢（UHP）选择性氧化硫化物

  摘要：

  摘要 合成了MCM-41二氧化硅球，并用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（3-APTES）进行了功能化。席夫碱已衍生自氨基和5-硼水杨醛，然后制备了四齿Cu（II）-席夫碱复合物。该化合物的特征在于X射线衍射，氮物理吸附，UV-Vis光谱仪，透射电子显微图（TEM），IR光谱和TGA / DTA技术。发现在介孔表面上制备的接枝Cu-salen-MCM-41是一种有效和选择性的催化剂，用于在室温下用过氧化氢尿素（UHP）将不同的硫化物氧化成亚砜，从而获得优异的收率。结果表明，Cu-salen-MCM-41是硫化物氧化的有效催化剂，可以重复使用和再生，其催化能力没有明显降低。他们还表明，所制备的材料保留了良好的中孔结构和最佳的催化性能。 图形概要

  DOI：

  10.1007/s11164-014-1690-x
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  在 potassium osmate(VI) dihydrate 、 草酰氯 、 二甲基亚砜 、 N-甲基吗啉氧化物 作用下， 以 二氯甲烷 、 氯仿 、 水 、 丙酮 、 叔丁醇 为溶剂， 反应 30.0h， 生成
  参考文献：
  名称：

  10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155161

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155161

文献信息

• Condensed-Phase, Halogen-Bonded CF₃I and C₂F₅I Adducts for Perfluoroalkylation Reactions
  作者：Filippo Sladojevich、Eric McNeill、Jonas Börgel、Shao-Liang Zheng、Tobias Ritter

  DOI：10.1002/anie.201410954

  日期：2015.3.16

  family of practical, liquid trifluoromethylation and pentafluoroethylation reagents is described. We show how halogen bonding can be used to obtain easily handled liquid reagents from gaseous CF3I and CF3CF2I. The synthetic utility of the new reagents is exemplified by a novel direct arene trifluoromethylation reaction as well as adaptations of other perfluoroalkylation reactions.

  描述了一系列实用的液体三氟甲基化和五氟乙基化试剂。我们展示了如何使用卤素键从气态CF 3 I和CF 3 CF 2 I获得易于处理的液体试剂。新试剂的合成效用以新颖的直接芳烃三氟甲基化反应以及对其他全氟烷基化反应的适应性为例。
• Reactions in mixed non-aqueous systems containing sulphur dioxide. Part 2. The dissolution of transition metals in the binary mixture dimethyl sulphoxide–sulphur dioxide, and ion-pair formation involving the sulphoxylate radical ion in mixed solvents containing sulphur dioxide
  作者：W. David Harrison、J. Bernard Gill、David C. Goodall

  DOI：10.1039/dt9790000847

  日期：——

  The metals (Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd) react with the mixed non-aqueous solvent dimethyl sulphoxide–sulphur dioxide to form the metal disulphates. Other metals (M = Ce, Pr, Eu, Dy, or U) dissolve in the mixed solvent, but it has not been possible to characterize the products. The existence of the [SO2]– radical ion, and of ion pairs containing a metal ion and [SO2]–, has been demonstrated

  金属（Ti，V，Mn，Fe，Co，Ni，Cu，Zn和Cd）与混合的非水溶剂二甲基亚砜-二氧化硫反应形成金属二硫化物。其他金属（M = Ce，Pr，Eu，Dy或U）溶解在混合溶剂中，但无法表征产物。已经证明存在[SO 2 ] -自由基离子以及包含金属离子和[SO 2 ] -的离子对的存在，可以用于金属在含有二氧化硫的非水溶剂中的溶液。在介电常数，施主数和金属在含二氧化硫的溶剂中的反应性之间已经建立了相关性。
• Total Synthesis of (−)-21-Isopentenylpaxilline
  作者：Amos B. Smith、Haifeng Cui

  DOI：10.1021/ol027575g

  日期：2003.2.1

  [structure: see text] The total synthesis of (-)-21-isopentenylpaxilline (1) has been achieved. Key elements of the synthesis include the stereocontrolled construction of the advanced eastern hemisphere (-)-5, a highly efficient union of the eastern and western fragments (-)-5 and 4, respectively, exploiting our 2-substituted indole synthesis, and a new protocol for the construction of ring C.

  [结构：见正文]已完成（-）-21-异戊烯基帕西林（1）的全合成。合成的关键元素包括先进的东半球（-）-5的立体控制结构，利用我们的2取代的吲哚合成技术分别高效合成东部和西部碎片（-）-5和4的方法，以及用于构建C环的新协议。
• Naphthyloxy acetic acid derivatives and a pharmaceutical composition comprising them as an active ingredient
  申请人：Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

  公开号：US06335366B2

  公开（公告）日：2002-01-01

  The naphthyloxyacetic acid derivatives of the formula (I) wherein A is H, -(alkylene)COOR1, -(alkylene)CONR2R3, -(alkylene)OH, -(alkylene)tetrazole, -(alkylene)CN; E is single bond or alkylene; G is —S—, —SO—, —SO2—, —O— or —NR4—; L is alkylene, —(CH2)m—CH═CH—(CH2)n— or —(CH2)x—CH(OH)—(CH2)y—; M is phenyl, phenyl(thio, oxy, amino), diphenylmethyl, diphenylmethyl(thio, oxy, amino), and pharmaceutical composition comprising them as an active ingradient. The compounds of the formula (I) can combine PGE2 receptor and exhibit the activity to antagonize or agonize for PGE2 receptor. Therefore, they are useful as anti-hyperlipemia, for the prevention of abortion, for analgesics, as antidiarrheals, sleep inducer, diuretic, anti-diabetes, abortient, cathartics, antiulcer, anti-gastritis or antihypertensive etc.

  式(I)的萘氧乙酸衍生物 其中A为H，-(烷基)COOR1，-(烷基)CONR2R3，-(烷基)OH，-(烷基)四唑，-(烷基)CN；E为单键或烷基；G为—S—，—SO—，—SO2—，—O—或—NR4—；L为烷基，—(CH2)m—CH═CH—(CH2)n—或—(CH2)x—CH(OH)—(CH2)y—；M为苯基，苯基(硫、氧、氨基)，二苯甲基，二苯甲基(硫、氧、氨基)，以及包含它们作为活性成分的药物组合物。式(I)的化合物可以结合PGE2受体，并表现出对PGE2受体的拮抗或激动活性。因此，它们可用作抗高脂血症、预防流产、镇痛剂、止泻药、催眠剂、利尿剂、抗糖尿病药、引产剂、泻药、抗溃疡药、抗胃炎药或降压药等。
• Co-ordination chemistry of higher oxidation states. Part 23. Synthesis and properties of tetrahalogenoiridium(IV) complexes, [IrL2X4][X = Cl or Br; L = pyridine, PR3, AsR3, SbR3, SR2, or SeR2]. Crystal and molecular structure of trans-[Ir(AsEt3)2Br4]
  作者：Robert A. Cipriano、William Levason、Derek Pletcher、Nigel A. Powell、Michael Webster

  DOI：10.1039/dt9870001901

  日期：——

  them from chemical syntheses. Cyclic voltammograms for [RhL2Cl4]–(L = PEt3, SMe2, SeMe2, or py) show that oxidation occurs at more positive potentials, but the rhodium(IV) complexes are unstable. Neutral iridium(III) complexes [IrL3X3] are not oxidised by X2 or HNO3, and possible reasons for this and the crucial role of the [IrL2X4]– intermediates in the preparation of [IrL2X4] are discussed.

  铱（III）阴离子的反式- [IRL 2氯4 ] - [L =吡啶（PY），PET 3，PET 2 PH，PEtPh 2，ASET 3，ASME 2 PH，SMe的2，或SEME 2 ]已制备并用氯氧化为紫色铱（IV）反式-[IrL 2 Cl 4 ]。深绿色反式-[IrL 2 Br 4 ]（L = py ，PEt 3，PMe 2 Ph，AsEt 3，AsMe 2从反式-[IrL 2 Br 4 ] -和Br 2或HNO 3相似地获得Ph或SMe 2）。[IrL 2 Cl 4 ]（L = PPh 3 AsPh 3或SbPh 3）直接由IrCl 3 · n H 2 O + 2L制备，然后氯化生成的中间体[（IrL 2 Cl 3）n ]；顺式-[IrL 2 Cl 4 ]（L = py或SbMe 3）和还描述了反式-[IrL 2 X 4 ] –（L = TeMe 2，X = Cl； L = SeMe

表征谱图