肉桂醛俗称桂皮醛或桂醛。它是一种淡黄色油状液体,具有明显的肉桂香气,微溶于水,能溶于乙醇、乙醚和氯仿等。肉桂醛能够随水蒸气挥发,并在空气中易被氧化成肉桂酸。该化合物存在顺式和反式两种异构体,但无论是天然的还是合成的肉桂醛,均为反式结构。
肉桂醛是肉桂油及桂皮油中的主要成分之一,如肉桂油中含有70%~75%,而桂皮油中含有80%~95%。此外,它还存在于肉桂叶、肉桂皮、广藿香、芹菜子、可乐果等中。
化学性质肉桂醛是一种淡黄色黏稠液体,具有特殊的肉桂香味。其相对密度为1.049(20℃/4℃),熔点-7.5℃,沸点253℃(部分分解)和127℃(2.13kPa)。它的折射率为1.6195,闪点为71℃。肉桂醛易溶于乙醇、乙醚、氯仿和油脂,但难溶于水和甘油。在空气中易被氧化成硅酸,并能随水蒸汽挥发。
用途肉桂醛可用作保鲜剂和食用香料。根据GB 2760-1996的规定,它主要用于配制肉桂、桂皮、可乐型香精等。此外,还可以用在酒类及烟草中作为香料成分。在水果保鲜方面,规定按生产需要适量使用,残留量不得超过0.3 mg/kg。
生产方法 羟醛缩合法以苯甲醛和乙醛为原料,在碱性条件下缩合生成桂醛。将133kg苯甲醛、400kg水、10kg 40%~50%的氢氧化钠溶液以及66.6kg乙醛和40~50kg苯加入反应锅中,在20℃下搅拌反应5h,然后静置分层。取苯层后用稀酸和水洗至中性,减压蒸馏回收苯并收集130℃(2.67kPa)的馏分。
精油单离法桂皮油和锡兰油中含有约55%~85%的肉桂醛。通过亚硫酸氢钠加成法分离出加成物,经离心分离、稀酸或稀碱分解后进行水蒸气蒸馏和减压蒸馏获得肉桂醛。
性质 毒性肉桂醛属于有毒物质,毒性分级为中毒。口服对于大鼠的半致死量(LD50)为2220毫克/公斤;小鼠的半致死量(LD50)为2225毫克/公斤。
刺激数据皮肤接触:人40毫克/48小时重度刺激。
燃烧危险性肉桂醛可燃,火场排出辛辣刺激烟雾。
储运特性库房应低温、通风和干燥;需防火,并与氧化剂、食品原料分开存放。
灭火方法中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1-丙烯基苯 | 1-phenylpropene | 637-50-3 | C9H10 | 118.178 |
甲基苯乙烯 | 1-propenylbenzene | 873-66-5 | C9H10 | 118.178 |
肉桂酸 | Cinnamic acid | 621-82-9 | C9H8O2 | 148.161 |
肉桂酰氯 | cinnamoyl chloride | 102-92-1 | C9H7ClO | 166.607 |
肉桂酸 | (E)-3-phenylacrylic acid | 140-10-3 | C9H8O2 | 148.161 |
3-苯基-2-丙烯酰氯 | Cinnamoyl chloride | 17082-09-6 | C9H7ClO | 166.607 |
1-苯-1,3-丁二烯 | (E)-1-Phenyl-1,3-butadiene | 16939-57-4 | C10H10 | 130.189 |
—— | buta-1,3-dien-1-ylbenzene | 1515-78-2 | C10H10 | 130.189 |
—— | cinnamylamine | 4360-51-4 | C9H11N | 133.193 |
(肉)桂腈 | cinnamonitrile | 4360-47-8 | C9H7N | 129.161 |
肉桂腈 | cinnamic nitrile | 1885-38-7 | C9H7N | 129.161 |
肉桂醇 | 3-Phenylpropenol | 104-54-1 | C9H10O | 134.178 |
3-苯基丙-2-烯-1-醇 | (2E)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol | 4407-36-7 | C9H10O | 134.178 |
肉桂基氯 | cinnamyl chloride | 2687-12-9 | C9H9Cl | 152.623 |
肉桂基溴 | cinnamyl bromide | 4392-24-9 | C9H9Br | 197.074 |
—— | Cinnamyl bromide | 4392-24-9 | C9H9Br | 197.074 |
—— | 4-bromocinnamaldeyde | —— | C9H7BrO | 211.058 |
1,4-二苯基-1,3丁二烯 | 1,4-Diphenyl-1E,3E-butadiene | 538-81-8 | C16H14 | 206.287 |
1,4-二苯基1,3-丁二烯 | 1,4-diphenylbutadiene | 886-65-7 | C16H14 | 206.287 |
α-溴代肉桂醛 | α-bromocinnamaldehyde | 5443-49-2 | C9H7BrO | 211.058 |
α-氯代肉桂醛 | α-chloro-cinnamaldehyde | 18365-42-9 | C9H7ClO | 166.607 |
肉桂酸甲酯 | methyl cinnamate | 103-26-4 | C10H10O2 | 162.188 |
(3-甲氧基-1-丙烯基)苯 | 3-methoxy-1-phenylpropene | 16277-67-1 | C10H12O | 148.205 |
—— | 4-phenylbuten-3-en-1-ol | 1081976-48-8 | C10H10O | 146.189 |
肉桂醛肟 | cinnamaldoxime | 13372-81-1 | C9H9NO | 147.177 |
—— | cinnamaldehyde oxime | 59336-59-3 | C9H9NO | 147.177 |
苯乙烯 | styrene | 100-42-5 | C8H8 | 104.152 |
—— | (E)-(3-(allyloxy)prop-1-en-1-yl)benzene | 80586-92-1 | C12H14O | 174.243 |
反式-肉桂酸乙酯 | ethyl cinnamate | 4192-77-2 | C11H12O2 | 176.215 |
肉桂酸乙酯 | ethyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate | 103-36-6 | C11H12O2 | 176.215 |
肉桂基(乙基)硫烷 | Cinnamyl Ethyl Sulfide | 59277-53-1 | C11H14S | 178.298 |
—— | N,N-dimethyl-3-phenylacrylamide | —— | C11H13NO | 175.23 |
—— | (3-azidoprop-1-en-1-yl)benzene | 57294-86-7 | C9H9N3 | 159.191 |
6-苯基-六-3,5-二烯-2-酮 | 1-phenyl-1,3-hexadien-5-one | 4173-44-8 | C12H12O | 172.227 |
4-苯基-3-丁烯酸 | styrylacetic acid | 2243-53-0 | C10H10O2 | 162.188 |
反-苯乙烯乙酸 | (E)-styrylacetic acid | 1914-58-5 | C10H10O2 | 162.188 |
肉桂醛吖嗪 | Zimtaldehyd-azin | 1568-11-2 | C18H16N2 | 260.338 |
—— | cinnamyl propargyl ether | 110966-13-7 | C12H12O | 172.227 |
乙酸桂酯 | cinnamyl acetate | 103-54-8 | C11H12O2 | 176.215 |
—— | cinnamaldehyde N,N-dimethylhydrazone | 13466-39-2 | C11H14N2 | 174.246 |
—— | (E)-cinnamaldehyde dimethylacetal | 4364-06-1 | C11H14O2 | 178.231 |
桂醛二甲缩醛 | cinnamaldehyde dimethylacetal | 4364-06-1 | C11H14O2 | 178.231 |
—— | trimethylsilyl cinnamyl ether | —— | C12H18OSi | 206.36 |
β-溴苯乙烯 | bromostyrene | 103-64-0 | C8H7Br | 183.048 |
2-羟基-4-苯基-3-丁烯腈 | 2-hydroxy-4-phenylbut-3-enenitrile | 61912-03-6 | C10H9NO | 159.188 |
2-羟基-4-苯基-3-丁烯腈 | 2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3-butenenitrile | 61912-03-6 | C10H9NO | 159.188 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
反式肉桂醛 | (E)-3-phenylpropenal | 14371-10-9 | C9H8O | 132.162 |
1-丙烯基苯 | 1-phenylpropene | 637-50-3 | C9H10 | 118.178 |
肉桂酰胺 | cinnamamide | 621-79-4 | C9H9NO | 147.177 |
苄叉丙酮 | 1-Phenylbut-1-en-3-one | 122-57-6 | C10H10O | 146.189 |
肉桂酸 | (E)-3-phenylacrylic acid | 140-10-3 | C9H8O2 | 148.161 |
肉桂酸 | Cinnamic acid | 621-82-9 | C9H8O2 | 148.161 |
別桂皮酸 | cis-cinnamic acid | 102-94-3 | C9H8O2 | 148.161 |
肉桂酰氯 | cinnamoyl chloride | 102-92-1 | C9H7ClO | 166.607 |
1-苯-1,3-丁二烯 | (E)-1-Phenyl-1,3-butadiene | 16939-57-4 | C10H10 | 130.189 |
—— | buta-1,3-dien-1-ylbenzene | 1515-78-2 | C10H10 | 130.189 |
3-苯基丙-2-烯-1-亚胺 | 3-phenylallylideneamine | 61355-23-5 | C9H9N | 131.177 |
—— | cinnamylamine | 4360-51-4 | C9H11N | 133.193 |
反式-1-苯基-1-丁烯 | (E)-1-phenyl-1-butene | 1005-64-7 | C10H12 | 132.205 |
(肉)桂腈 | cinnamonitrile | 4360-47-8 | C9H7N | 129.161 |
肉桂腈 | cinnamic nitrile | 1885-38-7 | C9H7N | 129.161 |
肉桂醇 | 3-Phenylpropenol | 104-54-1 | C9H10O | 134.178 |
3-苯基丙-2-烯-1-醇 | (2E)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol | 4407-36-7 | C9H10O | 134.178 |
—— | 1-phenylbut-1-en-3-yne | 5622-76-4 | C10H8 | 128.174 |
—— | (E)-but-1-en-3-yn-1-ylbenzene | —— | C10H8 | 128.174 |
3-苯基丙-2-烯-1-硫醇 | cinnamyl thiol | 6258-61-3 | C9H10S | 150.244 |
—— | 1-phenyl-1,4-pentadien-3-one | 73291-51-7 | C11H10O | 158.2 |
—— | Cinnamyl bromide | 4392-24-9 | C9H9Br | 197.074 |
肉桂基溴 | cinnamyl bromide | 4392-24-9 | C9H9Br | 197.074 |
—— | (Z)-2-iodo-3-phenylacrylaldehyde | 116544-98-0 | C9H7IO | 258.058 |
联甲基苯乙烯酮 | dibenzylideneacetone | 35225-79-7 | C17H14O | 234.298 |
—— | (E)-4-phenylbut-3-enal | 73737-55-0 | C10H10O | 146.189 |
1,4-二苯基-1,3丁二烯 | 1,4-Diphenyl-1E,3E-butadiene | 538-81-8 | C16H14 | 206.287 |
1-[(1E,3Z)-4-苯基-1,3-丁二烯基]苯 | (1Z,3E)-1,4-diphenylbuta-1,3-diene | 5808-05-9 | C16H14 | 206.287 |
1,4-二苯基1,3-丁二烯 | 1,4-diphenylbutadiene | 886-65-7 | C16H14 | 206.287 |
—— | (3E)-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene | 72777-78-7 | C16H14 | 206.287 |
—— | diphenylbutadiene | —— | C16H14 | 206.287 |
—— | (Z)-2-fluoro-3-phenylacrylaldehyde | 58041-00-2 | C9H7FO | 150.152 |
—— | (E)-cinnamaldehyde-2-d | 17537-30-3 | C9H8O | 133.154 |
5-苯基戊-2,4-二烯醛 | 5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienal | 13466-40-5 | C11H10O | 158.2 |
—— | (2E, 4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienal | 13466-40-5 | C11H10O | 158.2 |
—— | (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienal | 121077-51-8 | C11H10O | 158.2 |
苯,1,3-戊二烯基- | 1-phenylpenta-1,3-diene | 1608-27-1 | C11H12 | 144.216 |
—— | (1E,3E)-1-phenyl-1,3-pentadiene | 3909-96-4 | C11H12 | 144.216 |
—— | (3E)-1-phenyl-1,3-pentadiene | 1029944-11-3 | C11H12 | 144.216 |
α-溴代肉桂醛 | α-bromocinnamaldehyde | 5443-49-2 | C9H7BrO | 211.058 |
—— | (2Z)-2-bromo-3-phenyl-2-propenal | 33603-90-6 | C9H7BrO | 211.058 |
—— | (Z)-2-chloro-3-phenyl-2-propenal | 33603-89-3 | C9H7ClO | 166.607 |
α-氯代肉桂醛 | α-chloro-cinnamaldehyde | 18365-42-9 | C9H7ClO | 166.607 |
1-苯基戊-1-烯-3-酮 | 1-phenyl-pent-1-en-3-one | 3152-68-9 | C11H12O | 160.216 |
—— | (E)-2-bromo-3-phenylprop-2-enal | 99686-39-2 | C9H7BrO | 211.058 |
1-羟基-4-苯基丁-3-烯-2-酮 | 1-hydroxy-4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one | 90054-97-0 | C10H10O2 | 162.188 |
—— | 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1-azabutadiene | 937-60-0 | C10H11N | 145.204 |
肉桂酸甲酯 | methyl cinnamate | 103-26-4 | C10H10O2 | 162.188 |
α-甲基肉桂醛 | 3-(2-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-al | 4549-82-0 | C10H10O | 146.189 |
—— | Methyl cinnamate | 103-26-4 | C10H10O2 | 162.188 |
—— | (E)-(3-methoxyprop-1-en-1-yl)benzene | 22688-03-5 | C10H12O | 148.205 |
—— | 4-(bromobuta-1,3-dien-1-yl)benzene | 80350-66-9 | C10H9Br | 209.085 |
(3-甲氧基-1-丙烯基)苯 | 3-methoxy-1-phenylpropene | 16277-67-1 | C10H12O | 148.205 |
—— | (E)-5-Phenyl-1,2,4-pentatrien | 52629-64-8 | C11H10 | 142.2 |
—— | ((1E,3E)-4-bromobuta-1,3-dienyl)benzene | 188802-38-2 | C10H9Br | 209.085 |
(E)-4-苯基-3-丁烯腈 | (E)-4-phenyl-3-butenenitrile | 20068-10-4 | C10H9N | 143.188 |
N-甲基肉桂基胺 | (E)-N-methylcinnamylamine | 83554-67-0 | C10H13N | 147.22 |
—— | [(1E,3Z)-4-chlorobuta-1,3-dien-1-yl]benzene | —— | C10H9Cl | 164.634 |
肉桂醛肟 | cinnamaldoxime | 13372-81-1 | C9H9NO | 147.177 |
N-肉桂亚基羟胺 | (1E,2E)-cinnamaldehyde oxime | 13372-81-1 | C9H9NO | 147.177 |
—— | (1E,2Z)-3-phenylacrylaldehyde oxime | 13372-81-1 | C9H9NO | 147.177 |
—— | cinnamaldehyde oxime | 59336-59-3 | C9H9NO | 147.177 |
N-羟基-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-亚胺 | cinnamaldehyde-(Z)-oxime | 20707-70-4 | C9H9NO | 147.177 |
1-氯-4-苯基丁-3-烯-2-酮 | Chloromethyl styryl ketone | 13605-67-9 | C10H9ClO | 180.634 |
—— | 1-Phenyl-hexatrien-(1,3,5) | 54826-11-8 | C12H12 | 156.227 |
—— | 1-phenyl-3,3-dichloropropene | 29268-75-5 | C9H8Cl2 | 187.069 |
—— | (E)-1-(3,3-dichloroprop-1-en-1-yl)benzene | 29268-75-5 | C9H8Cl2 | 187.069 |
—— | 3t-phenyl-acrylonitrile N-oxide | 93970-65-1 | C9H7NO | 145.161 |
1,6-二苯基-1,3,5-己三烯 | 1,6-diphenyl-hexa-1,3,5-triene | 1720-32-7 | C18H16 | 232.325 |
—— | 1,6-diphenylhexa-(1E,3Z,5E)-triene | 1720-32-7 | C18H16 | 232.325 |
—— | (E)-1-phenyl-1,5-hexadiene | 56644-04-3 | C12H14 | 158.243 |
—— | 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene | 17329-15-6 | C18H16 | 232.325 |
—— | O-cinnamylhydroxylamine | 133609-18-4 | C9H11NO | 149.192 |
—— | (E)-1-phenylhexa-1,4,5-trien-3-one | 1321942-08-8 | C12H10O | 170.211 |
—— | (1E,5E)-1,6-diphenyl-1,5-hexadiene | 58463-02-8 | C18H18 | 234.341 |
苯乙烯 | styrene | 100-42-5 | C8H8 | 104.152 |
1-苯基-4-甲基-1,3-戊二烯 | 4-Methyl-1-phenyl-1,3-pentadien | 72486-22-7 | C12H14 | 158.243 |
—— | (E)-(4-methylpenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)benzene | 39491-73-1 | C12H14 | 158.243 |
—— | cinnamyl ethyl ether | 1476-07-9 | C11H14O | 162.232 |
—— | (E)-(3-ethoxy-1-propen-1-yl)benzene | —— | C11H14O | 162.232 |
—— | 7-phenyl-hepta-2,4,6-trienal | 6460-63-5 | C13H12O | 184.238 |
—— | (2E,4E,6E)-7-phenylhepta-2,4,6-trienal | 32410-52-9 | C13H12O | 184.238 |
—— | (E)-1-phenylhexa-1,5-dien-3-one | 100840-13-9 | C12H12O | 172.227 |
—— | vinylbenzalacetone | —— | C12H12O | 172.227 |
—— | (hexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)benzene | 41635-77-2 | C12H14 | 158.243 |
—— | 5-phenyl-2,4-pentadienenitrile | 14164-31-9 | C11H9N | 155.199 |
—— | (2E,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienenitrile | 14164-31-9 | C11H9N | 155.199 |
—— | 5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienenitrile | 110729-75-4 | C11H9N | 155.199 |
—— | Cinnamylethylamin | 156697-76-6 | C11H15N | 161.247 |
—— | 5-Phenyl-2,4-pentadien-nitril | 62486-11-7 | C11H9N | 155.199 |
—— | ((1E,3E)-hexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)benzene | 39491-62-8 | C12H14 | 158.243 |
—— | (1E,3Z)-1-phenylhexa-1,3-diene | 39491-61-7 | C12H14 | 158.243 |
—— | N-(3-Phenyl-2-propenyl)formamid | 43219-52-9 | C10H11NO | 161.203 |
—— | dicinnamyl ether | —— | C18H18O | 250.34 |
(1E,3E,5E,7E)-1,8-二苯基-1,3,5,7-辛四烯 | 1,8-diphenyl-1,3,5,7-octatetraene | 22828-29-1 | C20H18 | 258.363 |
1,8-二苯基-1,3,5,7-辛四烯 | diphenyloctatetraene | 3029-40-1 | C20H18 | 258.363 |
—— | allyl cinnamyl ether | 56759-11-6 | C12H14O | 174.243 |
甲酸桂酯 | cinnamyl formate | 104-65-4 | C10H10O2 | 162.188 |
—— | 1,10-diphenyl-1,3,5,7-decapentaene | 3029-41-2 | C22H20 | 284.401 |