(-)-pilocarpine; nitrate | 148-72-1

• 物质功能分类: 原料药 - 神经系统用药 - 拟胆碱药
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 生物碱及其衍生物
• 英文名称: (-)-pilocarpine; nitrate
• 英文别名: (-)-Pilocarpin; Nitrat；Pilocarpin nitrate；(3R,4S)-3-ethyl-4-[(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one;nitric acid
• CAS: 148-72-1；5984-94-1；14306-27-5；64552-18-7；76567-34-5；139448-61-6
• 化学式: C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₂*HNO₃
• 分子量: 271.273
• InChiKey: PRZXEPJJHQYOGF-GHXDPTCOSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  173,5-174°C
• 比旋光度：
  D +77 to +83° (c = 10)
• 溶解度：
  在水中的溶解度0.1 g/mL，清澈，非常淡黄色

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0.81
• 重原子数：
  19
• 可旋转键数：
  3
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.64
• 拓扑面积：
  110
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  6

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1(b)
• 危险品标志：
  Xn
• 安全说明：
  S1,S25,S45
• 危险类别码：
  R22
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 海关编码：
  2934999090
• 危险品运输编号：
  3087
• RTECS号：
  TK1455000
• 包装等级：
  III
• 危险类别：
  6.1(b)

制备方法与用途

简介

硝酸毛果芸香碱呈无色结晶或白色结晶性粉末；无臭；遇光易变质。其可用于青光眼、虹膜炎的治疗。

禁忌症

1．对本药过敏者。

2．支气管哮喘患者。

3．急性虹膜炎、虹膜睫状体炎等不应缩瞳的眼病患者。

生物活性

Pilocarpine nitrate 是一种选择性的 M3 型毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体 (M3 muscarinic receptor) 激动剂。

靶点

M3 muscarinic receptor

体外研究

To evaluate the cytotoxicity of Pilocarpine, the morphology and viability of human corneal stromal (HCS) cells are examined by light microscopy and MTT assay, respectively. Morphological observations show that HCS cells exposed to Pilocarpine at a concentration from 0.625 to 20 g/L exhibit dose- and time-dependent proliferation retardation and morphological abnormality such as cellular shrinkage, cytoplasmic vacuolation, detachment from culture matrix, and eventually death, while no obvious difference is observed between those exposed to Pilocarpine below the concentration of 0.625 g/L and controls. Results of MTT assay reveal that the cell viability of HCS cells decrease with time and concentration after exposing to Pilocarpine above the concentration of 0.625 g/L (P<0.01 or 0.05), while that of HCS cells treated with Pilocarpine below the concentration of 0.625 g/L show no significant difference to controls. The partial muscarinic agonist, Pilocarpine, evokes concentration-dependent relaxation with an EC ₅₀ of 2.4 mM in isolated segments of rat tail artery that were constricted with Penylephrine (10 to 200 nM).

体内研究

The Pilocarpine-induced saliva secretion of the control rats (CN) and exercised (EX) rats is examined. A significantly greater amount of saliva is induced by Pilocarpine in the EX rats than in the CN rats (P<0.01). Conversely, the Na ⁺ concentration in the saliva of the EX rats is significantly lower than that of the CN rats (P<0.05).

生产方法 

可由植物毛果芸香提取毛果芸香碱后，再用硝酸处理而制得。