Sorbitol is widely used in a number of pharmaceutical products and occurs naturally in many edible fruits and berries. It is absorbed more slowly from the gastrointestinal tract than sucrose and is metabolized in the liver to fructose and glucose ... Sorbitol is better tolerated by diabetics than sucrose and is widely used in many sugar-free liquid vehicles ...
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
70% 口服摄入的山梨醇会转化为二氧化碳,而不会在血液中表现为葡萄糖...
70% of orally ingested sorbitol is converted to carbon dioxide without appearing as glucose in the blood ...
参考文献:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. 用于研究药物诱导肝损伤的FDA批准药物标签,药物发现今日,16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank:按在人类中发展药物诱导肝损伤风险排名的最大参考药物清单。药物发现今日2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
References:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. FDA-Approved Drug Labeling for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Drug Discovery Today, 16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans. Drug Discov Today 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
The amounts of sorbitol (SOR) excreted in 24-hr urine were determined on two groups, ie, diabetic and nondiabetic patients, using an improved method in which ion exchange resin column processing was applied, and these levels were compared with SOR levels in whole blood. Urinary SOR concentration was also determined in diabetic and normal rats in the same manner and its relationship to aldose reductase (AR) activity in whole blood was investigated. Changes in SOR levels in urine and whole blood were compared in diabetic rats after administration of an AR inhibitor (ARI). Whole blood SOR levels and urinary SOR excretion were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic patients. The same results were obtained in the animal models. In diabetic rats, the urinary SOR excretion was about five times higher than that in control rats, and the AR activity in whole blood was also significantly higher. The increase in urinary SOR excretion and whole blood SOR levels, as well as AR activity, in blood in the diabetic state was inhibited by ARI administration. The influence of the diabetic state and the efficacy of the ARI were more marked in urinary SOR excretion than in whole blood SOR levels. These data indicate that determinations of urinary SOR excretion and AR activity are easily measurable and of benefit to assessing the diabetic condition.
An accelerated polyol pathway in diabetes contributes to the development of diabetic complications. To elucidate diabetic nephropathy involving also renal tubular damage, ...urinary sorbitol concentrations /were measured/ concomitantly with urinary N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion in WBN-kob diabetic rats.Twenty-four-hour urinary sorbitol concentrations increased in the diabetic rats in parallel with whole blood sorbitol concentrations. An increase in 24-h urinary NAG excretion coincided with the elevated urinary sorbitol levels in the diabetic rats. The administration of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, reduced the increased whole blood and urinary sorbitol concentrations and urinary NAG excretion concomitantly with renal aldose reductase inhibition in the diabetic rats. These results indicate that diabetic nephropathy involves distorted cell function of renal tubules, and that treatment with epalrestat may prevent at least the progress of the nephropathy.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether sorbitol concentration is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of non-medically ill patients with mood disorders. Lumbar punctures were performed on 30 subjects - 10 with bipolar mood disorder, 10 with unipolar mood disorder, and 10 age-matched normal controls, and CSF sorbitol concentrations were measured, using a gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopic technique. The mean+/-standard deviation of CSF sorbitol concentrations differed among the three groups as follows: bipolar (22.9+/-4.6 umoles/L) > unipolar (19.0+/-2.8 umoles/L)>normal control (15. 6+/-1.9 umoles/L). One-way ANOVA showed significant (P=0.0002) differences among the three groups. Post-hoc tests indicated a significant (P<0.05) difference between bipolars and normal controls, bipolars and unipolars, and unipolars and normal controls...
Streptozocin (Str) diabetic rats were obtained by Str iv (35 mg/kg). Glycemia and sorbitol levels from sciatic nerve and lens were measured after 1 d, 2, 5, and 8 months of diabetes. Sorbitol concentrations in serum, heart, diaphragm, small intestine, and kidney after 8 months of diabetes were measured. RESULTS: Diabetic rats after Str injection showed hyperglycemia (> 1.7 g.L-1), hyperphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, and loss of body weight. Sorbitol levels in lens and sciatic nerve increased in normal and diabetic rats; the increase was higher in diabetic rats. No relationship was shown between glycemia and sorbitol levels. An increased sorbitol level after 8 months of diabetes was found in small intestine and kidney...
针对以往报道的催化剂存在糖醇收率低、功能单一、不稳定、活性位点作用有争议等不足,制备了一系列用于糖醇生产的催化剂。结合条件实验和表征详细讨论了每种金属的作用及其协同合作。结果表明,双功能Ni 6.66 Fe 1 Al 1.55催化剂结构独特,具有超顺磁性和优异的活性。金属Ni的(111)和(200)面是加氢活性相,优先暴露在Ni-Al-O x上尖晶石。所需的阿糖醇或甘露醇是通过调整 Brünsted 和 Lewis 酸位点的比率获得的。回收试验表明,所制备的镍基催化剂的独特结构可以抑制浸出和中毒,具有较高的结构稳定性和活性。
Synthesis of (+)-polyoxamic acid and D-sorbitol from simple achiral allylic halides employing (S,S)-hydrobenzoin as a chiral source
作者:Kwan Soo Kim、Yong Joo Lee、Jin Hwan Kim、Da Kyung Sung
DOI:10.1039/b202823a
日期:2002.5.9
S)-hydrobenzoin stannylene acetal followed by regio- and stereoselective transformations of the resulting allylic ether gave (+)-polyoxamic acid and a similar procedure was applied to the synthesis of D-sorbitol from trans-1-iodo-2-hexene.
SYNTHESIS OF R-GLUCOSIDES, SUGAR ALCOHOLS, REDUCED SUGAR ALCOHOLS, AND FURAN DERIVATIVES OF REDUCED SUGAR ALCOHOLS
申请人:Archer Daniels Midland Company
公开号:US20170121258A1
公开(公告)日:2017-05-04
Disclosed herein are methods for synthesizing 1,2,5,6-hexanetetrol (HTO), 1,6 hexanediol (HDO) and other reduced polyols from C5 and C6 sugar alcohols or R glycosides. The methods include contacting the sugar alcohol or R-glycoside with a copper catalyst, most desirably a Raney copper catalyst with hydrogen for a time, temperature and pressure sufficient to form reduced polyols having 2 to 3 fewer hydoxy groups than the starting material. When the starting compound is a C6 sugar alcohol such as sorbitol or R-glycoside of a C6 sugar such as methyl glucoside, the predominant product is HTO. The same catalyst can be used to further reduce the HTO to HDO.
Selective C−O Bond Cleavage of Sugars with Hydrosilanes Catalyzed by Piers’ Borane Generated In Situ
作者:Jianbo Zhang、Sehoon Park、Sukbok Chang
DOI:10.1002/anie.201708109
日期:2017.10.23
[(C6F5)2BH], generated in situ, is demonstrated to promote the hydrosilylative reduction of sugars, providing a series of linear or cyclic polyols with high chemo- and regioselectivities undermildconditions. Studies of catalytic reactivity and regioselectivity with regard to the C−O bond cleavage with hydrosilanes suggest an importance of the steric environment around the anomeric carboncenter of the
Piers的硼烷[(C 6 F 5)2 BH]原位生成,可促进糖的氢化硅烷化还原,在温和条件下提供一系列具有高化学选择性和区域选择性的线性或环状多元醇。关于用氢硅烷裂解C-O键的催化反应性和区域选择性的研究表明,糖异头碳中心周围的空间环境很重要。
Isolation and identification of a linear (1→3)-linked β-d-glucan and other carbohydrate components of the lichen Stereocaulon ramulosum (SW.) Räusch
Premiere rencontre d'un β-D-glucane lineaire pouvant provenir de la partie phycobiontique de ce lichen
伦肯特·邓恩(Recontre d'un)β-D-葡聚糖
Some aspects of the isopropylidenation of d-glucitol under neutral conditions
作者:Gordon J.F. Chittenden
DOI:10.1016/s0008-6215(00)81892-3
日期:1982.10
has been studied. An improved procedure for the isolation of 1,2:5,6-di- O -isopropylidene- d -glucitol, the main equilibrium product, by direct crystallisation or via the 3,4-dibenzoate is described. Some aspects of the reaction are discussed and compared with results obtained previously from the isopropylidenation of 1 in the presence of zinc chloride.