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口服葡萄糖 | 59-23-4

中文名称
口服葡萄糖
中文别名
D-半乳糖;D-吡喃葡萄糖;D-(+)-半乳糖;D-吡喃半乳糖;a-D-吡喃半乳糖;D-(+)-吡喃葡萄糖;D(+)半乳糖;水解乳糖;分解乳糖;D(+)-半乳糖
英文名称
D-Galactose
英文别名
galactose;D-gal;Gal;(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal
口服葡萄糖化学式
CAS
59-23-4;26566-61-0
化学式
C6H12O6
mdl
——
分子量
180.158
InChiKey
GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-KCDKBNATSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    168-170 °C(lit.)
  • 比旋光度:
    +79.0~+81.0°(D/20℃) (c=10, dil. NH4OH)
  • 沸点:
    232.96°C (rough estimate)
  • 密度:
    1,5 g/cm3
  • 溶解度:
    H2O:100 mg/mL
  • LogP:
    -2.490 (est)

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -2.9
  • 重原子数:
    12
  • 可旋转键数:
    5
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.83
  • 拓扑面积:
    118
  • 氢给体数:
    5
  • 氢受体数:
    6

ADMET

代谢
乳糖代谢的主要途径被称为Leloir途径,以Luis Federico Leloir的名字命名。这个途径的第一阶段是通过酶乳糖变旋酶(GALM)将β-D-乳糖转化为α-D-乳糖。然后,途径通过三种主要酶及其反应将α-D-乳糖转化为UDP-葡萄糖乳糖激酶(GALK)将α-D-乳糖磷酸化为乳糖-1-磷酸(Gal-1-P);乳糖-1-磷酸尿苷转移酶(GALT)将UDP-葡萄糖的一个UMP基团转移到Gal-1-P以形成UDP-乳糖;最后,UDP乳糖-4-表异构酶(GALE)相互转化UDP-乳糖UDP-葡萄糖,完成途径。
The primary pathway for galactose metabolism is called the Leloir pathway, so named after Luis Federico Leloir. The initial stage of this pathway is the conversion of beta-D-galactose to alpha-D-galactose by the enzyme galactose mutarotase (GALM). The pathway then performs the conversion of alpha-D-galactose to UDP-glucose by way of three principal enzymes and their reactions: galactokinase (GALK) phosphorylates alpha-D-galactose to galactose-1-phosphate (Gal-1-P); galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) transfers a UMP group from UDP-glucose to Gal-1-P to form UDP-galactose; and finally, UDP galactose-4-epimerase (GALE) interconverts UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose, which completes the pathway.
来源:DrugBank
毒理性
  • 蛋白质结合
关于半乳糖蛋白质结合的易于获取的数据并不存在。
Readily accessible data regarding the protein binding of galactose is not available.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 吸收
从人体空肠吸收半乳糖的计算结果是每分钟每30厘米肠道1.0克。
The absorption of galactose from the human jejunum was calculated to be 1.0 g per minute per 30 cm of the gut.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 消除途径
乳糖的主要消除途径是通过肝脏。
The primary route of elimination for galactose is hepatic.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 分布容积
据记录,半乳糖分布在相当于体重40%的体积中。
It has been documented that galactose distributes in a volume equivalent to 40% of body weight.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 清除
在没有肝脏疾病的受试者中,全身半乳糖清除率计算为1.5 +/- 0.1升/分钟。
In subjects with no liver disease, systemic galactose clearance was calculated to be 1.5 +/- 0.1 L/min.
来源:DrugBank

安全信息

  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险品标志:
    Xi
  • 安全说明:
    S22,S24/25
  • 危险类别码:
    R36/37/38
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 海关编码:
    29400090
  • 危险品运输编号:
    NONH for all modes of transport
  • RTECS号:
    LW5490000
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P280,P305+P351+P338
  • 危险性描述:
    H302

SDS

SDS:b33af8ecca55bf2ee6817f255852b55d
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制备方法与用途

D-(+)-半乳糖

用途 D-(+)半乳糖在酶和生物化学研究中是重要的培养基、合成组件,并广泛用于制药领域,既作为载体又作为活性物质。

化学性质 白色晶体,可溶于甲醇乙醇DMSO等有机溶剂,来源于动物组织或乳汁。

用途

  • 作为半乳糖基转移酶标记缓冲液的成分。
  • 在MRS肉汤中补充乳酸杆菌的生长。
  • 引导解偶联蛋白(UCP)在酵母转化中的表达。
  • 用于有机合成。
  • 医药上用于测定肝功能。
  • 用作营养药物。

生产方法

  1. 在酸性介质中,乳糖可被解成D-(+)半乳糖,然后用溶解,再用乙醇使结晶析出即得纯品。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
    • 1
    • 2
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Coyne; Raistrick, Biochemical Journal, 1931, vol. 25, p. 1517
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    从常见的手性结构单元到醛糖己糖的新的聚合路线。
    摘要:
    [文本中的反应]从常见的环己酸手性结构单元开始,开发了一种非对映控制的途径来合成8个醛己糖。
    DOI:
    10.1021/ol015733i
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    乔松素 在 NADPH disodium salt 、 口服葡萄糖 作用下, 以 二甲基亚砜 为溶剂, 反应 72.0h, 生成 3,5,7-trihydroxydihydroflavonol
    参考文献:
    名称:
    A Versatile Microbial System for Biosynthesis of Novel Polyphenols with Altered Estrogen Receptor Binding Activity
    摘要:
    Isoflavonoids possess enormous potential for human health with potential impact on heart disease and cancer, and some display striking affinities for steroid receptors. Synthesized primarily by legumes, isoflavonoids are present in low and variable abundance within complex mixtures, complicating efforts to assess their clinical potential. To satisfy the need for controlled, efficient, and flexible biosynthesis of isoflavonoids, a three-enzyme system has been constructed in yeast that can convert natural and synthetic flavanones into their corresponding isoflavones in practical quantities. Based on the determination of the substrate requirements of isoflavone synthase, a series of natural and nonnatural isoflavones were prepared and their binding affinities for the human estrogen receptors (ER alpha and ER beta) were determined. Structure activity relationships are suggested based on changes to binding affinities related to small variations on the isoflavone structure.
    DOI:
    10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.03.010
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文献信息

  • [EN] TARGETED DELIVERY AND PRODRUG DESIGNS FOR PLATINUM-ACRIDINE ANTI-CANCER COMPOUNDS AND METHODS THEREOF<br/>[FR] ADMINISTRATION CIBLÉE ET CONCEPTIONS DE PROMÉDICAMENTS POUR COMPOSÉS ANTICANCÉREUX À BASE DE PLATINE ET D'ACRIDINE ET MÉTHODES ASSOCIÉES
    申请人:WAKE FOREST SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
    公开号:WO2013033430A1
    公开(公告)日:2013-03-07
    Acridine containing cispiaiin compounds have been disclosed that show greater efficacy against cancer than other cisplatin compounds. Methods of delivery of those more effective eisp!aiin compounds to the nucleus in cancer ceils is disclosed using one or more amino acids, one or more sugars, one or more polymeric ethers, C i^aikylene-phenyl-NH-C(0)-R.15, folic acid, av03 iniegriii RGD binding peptide, tamoxifen, endoxifen, epidermal growth factor receptor, antibody conjugates, kinase inhibitors, diazoles, triazol.es, oxazoies, erlotinib, and/or mixtures thereof; wherein R]§ is a peptide.
    含有环丙啶结构的吖啶类化合物已被披露,显示出比其他顺铂类化合物更有效地对抗癌症。使用一种或多种氨基酸、一种或多种糖、一种或多种聚合醚、C i^aikylene-phenyl-NH-C(0)-R.15、叶酸、av03整合RGD结合肽、他莫昔芬、恩多西芬、表皮生长因子受体、抗体结合物、激酶抑制剂、二唑类化合物、三唑类化合物、噁唑类化合物、厄洛替尼和/或它们的混合物将这些更有效的吖啶类化合物传递到癌细胞核中的方法被披露;其中R]§是一个肽。
  • Additives and products including oligoesters
    申请人:——
    公开号:US20030199593A1
    公开(公告)日:2003-10-23
    The present invention relates to oligoesters and their use or the creation of additives. Oligoester containing additives and/or oligoesters themselves may be used for formulating pharmaceutical preparations, cosmetics or personal care products such as shampoos and conditioners. These oligoesters are particularly useful for the creation of multi-purpose additives that can impart conditioning, long substantivity and/or UV protection. Individual oligoesters and oligoester mixtures are described.
    本发明涉及寡酯及其用途或添加剂的制备。含有寡酯的添加剂和/或寡酯本身可用于配制药物制剂、化妆品或个人护理产品,如洗发和护发素。这些寡酯对于制备能够赋予调理、长效性和/或紫外线保护的多功能添加剂特别有用。描述了单独的寡酯和寡酯混合物。
  • [EN] POLYCONJUGATES FOR DELIVERY OF RNAI TRIGGERS TO TUMOR CELLS IN VIVO<br/>[FR] POLYCONJUGUÉS POUR L'ADMINISTRATION DE DÉCLENCHEURS D'ARNI À DES CELLULES TUMORALES IN VIVO
    申请人:ARROWHEAD RES CORP
    公开号:WO2015021092A1
    公开(公告)日:2015-02-12
    The present invention is directed compositions for delivery of RNA interference (RNAi) triggers to integrin positive tumor cells in vivo. The compositions comprise RGD ligand- targeted amphipathic membrane active polyamines reversibly modified with enzyme cleavable dipeptide-amidobenzyl-carbonate masking agents. Modification masks membrane activity of the polymer while reversibility provides physiological responsiveness. The reversibly modified polyamines (dynamic polyconjugate or conjugate) are further covalently linked to an RNAi trigger.
    本发明涉及将RNA干扰(RNAi)触发物传递至体内整合素阳性肿瘤细胞的组合物。这些组合物包括以RGD配体为靶向的两性膜活性多胺,可逆地修饰为酶可切割二肽-酰胺基苄-碳酸酯掩蔽剂。修饰掩盖了聚合物的膜活性,而可逆性提供了生理响应性。这些可逆修饰的多胺(动态多共轭物或共轭物)进一步与RNAi触发物共价连接。
  • [EN] 3,5-DIAMINO-6-CHLORO-N-(N-(4-PHENYLBUTYL)CARBAMIMIDOYL) PYRAZINE-2- CARBOXAMIDE COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS 3,5-DIAMINO -6-CHLORO-N-(N- (4-PHÉNYLBUTYL)CARBAMIMIDOYL) PYRAZINE-2-CARBOXAMIDE
    申请人:PARION SCIENCES INC
    公开号:WO2014099673A1
    公开(公告)日:2014-06-26
    The present invention relates compounds of the formula: or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, useful as sodium channel blockers, as well as compositions containing the same, processes for the preparation of the same, and therapeutic methods of use therefore in promoting hydration of mucosal surfaces and the treatment of diseases including cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, bronchiectasis, acute and chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and pneumonia.
    本发明涉及以下化合物的公式:或其药学上可接受的盐,用作通道阻滞剂,以及含有这些化合物的组合物,制备这些化合物的方法,以及在促进粘膜表面合和治疗包括囊性纤维化、慢性阻塞性肺病、哮喘、支气管扩张、急性和慢性支气管炎、肺气肿和肺炎等疾病的治疗方法。
  • CHLORO-PYRAZINE CARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVES WITH EPITHELIAL SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING ACTIVITY
    申请人:Parion Sciences, Inc.
    公开号:US20140171447A1
    公开(公告)日:2014-06-19
    This invention provides compounds of the formula I: and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, useful as sodium channel blockers, compositions containing the same, therapeutic methods and uses for the same and processes for preparing the same.
    这项发明提供了式I的化合物及其药用盐,可用作通道阻滞剂,包含这些化合物的组合物,以及用于这些化合物的治疗方法和用途,以及制备这些化合物的方法。
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
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mass
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  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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