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着色剂

着色剂是一类广泛用于食品、药品、化妆品和工业产品中的化合物,用于改变物体的颜色。它们在化学结构上可以非常不同,包括无机颜料和有机染料两大类。

1. 着色剂的分类
  • 无机着色剂:通常由金属盐组成,如二氧化钛(用作白色遮光剂)、铁红、铅丹等。这些材料因其稳定的物理化学性质和良好的耐候性而被广泛使用。

  • 有机着色剂:主要包括偶氮类染料、杂环化合物、金属配合物等。这类物质结构多样,颜色丰富,因此在着色剂中占据主要地位。

2. 着色剂的应用
  1. 食品工业:例如食用色素用于改善或恢复食品的自然色泽,并提升产品的外观吸引力。常见的有柠檬黄、苋菜红等。

  2. 制药行业:某些药物成分需要特定的颜色以便区别,如片剂和胶囊。

  3. 化妆品和个人护理产品:在唇膏、指甲油、洗发水等产品中提供颜色,增加美观性。

  4. 纺织品及纸张工业:用于染色过程,改变织物或纸张的外观。

3. 安全与监管

尽管着色剂可以提供各种好处,但其安全性始终是关注焦点。许多国家和地区对食品、药品和化妆品中的着色剂有着严格的法规管理。例如,在欧盟,有超过200种色素获得批准使用;而在美国,则是FD&C(Food, Drug and Cosmetic)标准下进行监管。

4. 发展趋势

随着消费者对健康安全要求的提高以及对环保意识的增长,天然和生物可降解着色剂的研发成为一个重要方向。此外,在新材料领域中探索新型无害、高效能的着色技术也日益受到重视。

总之,着色剂在日常生活中有着广泛的应用,并且其研究和发展也在不断进步之中。

相关化合物

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
香草壬酰胺 Nonivamide 2444-46-4 C17H27NO3
香草壬酰胺
食用色素红色105号 Rose-Bengale 11121-48-5 C20H4Cl4I4O5
食用色素红色105号
颜料红172铝色淀[CI45430:1] 2-(3,6-Dihydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetraiodoxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid, aluminium salt 12227-78-0 C60H24Al2I12O15
颜料红172铝色淀[CI45430:1]
铝色淀 C.I. Food Blue 1-aluminum lake 16521-38-3 C16H10AlN2O8S2+3
铝色淀
辣椒红 (3R,3'S,5'R)-3,3'-dihydroxy-β,κ-carotene-6'-one 465-42-9 C40H56O3
辣椒红
姜黄素beta-D-葡糖苷酸 curcumin β-D-glucuronide 227466-72-0 C27H28O12
姜黄素beta-D-葡糖苷酸
2-羟乙基苦氨酸 2-((2-Hydroxyethyl)amino)-4,6-dinitrophenol 99610-72-7 C8H9N3O6
2-羟乙基苦氨酸
(7-羟基-8-((4-磺基-1-萘基)偶氮)萘-1,3-二磺酸基(3-))铝 Aluminum;7-hydroxy-8-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-1,3-disulfonate 15876-47-8 C20H11AlN2O10S3
(7-羟基-8-((4-磺基-1-萘基)偶氮)萘-1,3-二磺酸基(3-))铝
(2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E)-2,6,11,15-四甲基-17-(2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯-1-基)-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16-十七碳八烯酸乙酯 trans-apo-8'-carotenic acid ethyl ester 1109-11-1 C32H44O2
(2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E)-2,6,11,15-四甲基-17-(2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯-1-基)-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16-十七碳八烯酸乙酯
—— Bengal rose 11121-48-5 C20H2Cl4I4K2O5
Bengal rose
—— 1-[(2Z)-2-(2,6-dicarboxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyridin-4-ylidene)ethylidene]-6-hydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydroindol-1-ium-2-carboxylate 7659-95-2 C24H26N2O13
1-[(2Z)-2-(2,6-dicarboxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyridin-4-ylidene)ethylidene]-6-hydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydroindol-1-ium-2-carboxylate
—— disodium;4-[(2Z)-2-[(5Z)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6-dioxo-5-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazinylidene]cyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene]hydrazinyl]naphthalene-1-sulfonate 4553-89-3 C27H18N4Na2O9S2
disodium;4-[(2Z)-2-[(5Z)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6-dioxo-5-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazinylidene]cyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene]hydrazinyl]naphthalene-1-sulfonate
—— Disodium 4,4'-[[2,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-phenylene]bis(azo)]bisnaphthalene-1-sulphonate 4553-89-3 C27H18N4Na2O9S2
Disodium 4,4'-[[2,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-phenylene]bis(azo)]bisnaphthalene-1-sulphonate
—— Phycobilin 20298-86-6 C33H38N4O6
Phycobilin
—— Betanine 7659-95-2 C24H26N2O13
Betanine
—— 3,3'Dihydroxy-beta,kappa-Caroten-6'one 465-42-9 C40H56O3
3,3'Dihydroxy-beta,kappa-Caroten-6'one
—— disodium;4-[(2Z)-2-[(5E)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6-dioxo-5-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazinylidene]cyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene]hydrazinyl]naphthalene-1-sulfonate 4553-89-3 C27H18N4Na2O9S2
disodium;4-[(2Z)-2-[(5E)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6-dioxo-5-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazinylidene]cyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene]hydrazinyl]naphthalene-1-sulfonate
—— Spirulina Powder 20298-86-6 C33H38N4O6
Spirulina Powder
—— rac-Phycocyanobilin 215871-76-4 C33H38N4O6
rac-Phycocyanobilin
—— 12225-21-7 C16H12AlN4O9S2
—— Food yellow no 4 aluminum lake 12225-21-7 C16H9AlN4O9S2
Food yellow no 4 aluminum lake
—— all-trans-Capsanthin 465-42-9 C40H56O3
all-trans-Capsanthin
—— Capsanthin 465-42-9 C40H56O3
Capsanthin
—— all-trans-Carophyll yellow 1109-11-1 C32H44O2
all-trans-Carophyll yellow
—— 3-[(2E,5Z)-2-[[3-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-[(Z)-[(3E)-3-ethylidene-4-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-ylidene]methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene]-5-[(4-ethyl-3-methyl-5-oxopyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-4-methylpyrrol-3-yl]propanoic acid 20298-86-6 C33H38N4O6
3-[(2E,5Z)-2-[[3-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-[(Z)-[(3E)-3-ethylidene-4-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-ylidene]methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene]-5-[(4-ethyl-3-methyl-5-oxopyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-4-methylpyrrol-3-yl]propanoic acid
—— 3-[2-[[3-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-[(3-ethylidene-4-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-ylidene)methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene]-5-[(4-ethyl-3-methyl-5-oxopyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-4-methylpyrrol-3-yl]propanoic acid 20298-86-6 C33H38N4O6
3-[2-[[3-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-[(3-ethylidene-4-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-ylidene)methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene]-5-[(4-ethyl-3-methyl-5-oxopyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-4-methylpyrrol-3-yl]propanoic acid
—— 3-[(2E,5Z)-2-[[3-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-[(E)-[(3E)-3-ethylidene-4-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-ylidene]methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene]-5-[(4-ethyl-3-methyl-5-oxopyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-4-methylpyrrol-3-yl]propanoic acid 20298-86-6 C33H38N4O6
3-[(2E,5Z)-2-[[3-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-[(E)-[(3E)-3-ethylidene-4-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-ylidene]methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene]-5-[(4-ethyl-3-methyl-5-oxopyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-4-methylpyrrol-3-yl]propanoic acid
—— 2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3',4',5',6'-tetrachlorofluorescein dianion 11121-48-5 C20H2Cl4I4O5
2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3',4',5',6'-tetrachlorofluorescein dianion
—— 3-(2-{[3-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-[(3-ethylidene-4-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-ylidene)methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene}-5-[(4-ethyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl]-4-methyl-2H-pyrrol-3-yl)propanoic acid 20298-86-6 C33H38N4O6
3-(2-{[3-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-[(3-ethylidene-4-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-ylidene)methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene}-5-[(4-ethyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl]-4-methyl-2H-pyrrol-3-yl)propanoic acid