5-aminosalicylic acid appears as odorless white to pinkish crystals or purplish-tan powder. Aqueous solutions acidic (pH approximately 4.1 at 0.8 mg/L water) . (NTP, 1992)
颜色/状态:
White to pinkish crystals
蒸汽压力:
6.10X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)
稳定性/保质期:
Mesalamine is unstable in the presence of water and light, since oxidation and, to a lesser extent, light-catalyzed degradation of the drug occur.
解离常数:
Mesalamine's production and use in the manufacture of light-sensitive paper, azo and sulfur dyes and as a gastrointestinal medication may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 6.1X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates mesalamine will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase mesalamine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 18 hrs. Particulate-phase mesalamine will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. Mesalamine does contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, mesalamine is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 10. Estimated pKa values of 2.09, 5.26 and 13.64 indicate that this compound will dissociate to the zwitterion form in the environment. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.0X10-12 atm-cu m/mole. Mesalamine is considered completely biodegradable under anaerobic conditions as was indicated by 95.6% methane production following acclimation. If released into water, mesalamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to mesalamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where mesalamine is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to mesalamine via dermal contact with products containing this compound as well as via ingestion following administration of drugs containing mesalamine, a gastrointestinal anti-inflammatory. (SRC)
碰撞截面:
134.7 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]
Mesalazine is metabolized both pre-systemically by the intestinal mucosa and systemically in the liver to N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid (N-Ac-5-ASA) principally by NAT-1. Some acetylation also occurs through the action of colonic bacteria.
Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA), an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, is metabolized in organism to the principal biotransformation product, N-acetyl-5-ASA. Some other phase II metabolites (N-formyl-5-ASA, N-butyryl-5-ASA, N-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-5-ASA) have also been described. 5-ASA is a polar compound and besides it exhibits amphoteric properties. ...
The exact metabolic fate of mesalamine has not been clearly established. The drug undergoes rapid N-acetylation, probably in the liver, to form N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid; mesalamine and N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid also may undergo conjugation with glucuronic acid. Several other, unidentified metabolites also may be formed. It has been suggested that N-acetylation also may occur (to a limited extent) in the intestinal wall and/or the lumen. The intestinal flora probably are involved in this acetylation, and extensive floral acetylation may adversely affect clinical efficacy of the drug. Correlation between acetylator phenotype of patients receiving mesalamine and the degree of N-acetylation does not appear to exist. Although it has been suggested that N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid may be pharmacologically active, therapeutic response has been poor in some patients treated rectally with this metabolite, and the relative contribution of this metabolite to the therapeutic effect of mesalamine remains questionable. N-Acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid did not inhibit lipoxygenase in vitro.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
美沙拉嗪已知的人类代谢物包括美沙拉嗪和N-乙酰。
Mesalazine has known human metabolites that include mesalazine, N-acetyl.
In large registration trials of various forms of mesalamine, serum enzyme elevations were no more common with the products than with placebo therapy and were less common than with sulfasalazine. In these large studies, there were no reported instances of clinically apparent liver injury. Since approval and wide scale usage, however, there have been isolated reports of acute and chronic liver injury with jaundice attributed to mesalamine therapy. Clinically apparent liver injury is estimated to occur at an incidence of 3.2 cases per million prescriptions. Several patterns of injury have been reported, including asymptomatic and mild elevations in serum ALT levels, mild hepatitis accompanying a hypersensitivity reaction within a few days or weeks of starting (sometimes following a similar reaction to sulfasalazine), drug fever with accompanying serum enzyme elevations or mild hepatitis, and more typically, idiosyncratic cholestatic or hepatocellular liver injury (Cases 1 and 2), which typically arises after 1 to 6 months of treatment and is not accompanied by signs of hypersensitivity (rash, fever, eosinophilia). Most cases of liver injury with jaundice have been mild-to-moderate in severity and resolve rapidly upon stopping. In cases with hypersensitivity reactions, corticosteroid therapy is often used and appears to speed recovery. There have been no convincing reports of fatal acute liver injury, chronic hepatitis or vanishing bile duct syndrome attributable to mesalamine.
While fewer cases of hepatotoxicity have been reported with balsalazide and olsalazide than mesalamine, reports of enzyme elevations, jaundice, hepatitis and hepatic failure and death have been reported to the sponsor for these prodrugs. For this reason, the likelihood score for hepatotoxicity of all three agents are estimated to be the same. The hepatotoxicity of sulfasalazine is much more frequent than with mesalamine and is discussed separately.
Likelihood score (Mesalamine, Balsalazide and Olsalazine): C (probable cause of clinically apparent liver injury).
Likelihood score (Sulfasalazine): A (well documented cause of clinically apparent liver injury).
Depending on the formulation administered, prescribing information for orally administered delayed-released tablets of 2.4g or 4.8g of mesalazine given once daily for 14 days to healthy volunteers was to found to be about 21% to 22% of the administered dose while prescribing information for an orally administered controlled-release capsule formulation suggests 20% to 30% of the mesalazine in the formulation is absorbed. In contrast, when mesalamine is administered orally as an unformulated 1-g aqueous suspension, mesalazine is approximately 80% absorbed.
Elimination of mesalazine is mainly via the renal route following metabolism to N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid (acetylation). However, there is also limited excretion of the parent mesalazine drug in the urine. After the oral administration of the extended-release formulation of mesalazine, of the approximately 21% to 22% of the drug absorbed, less than 8% of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine after 24 hours, compared with greater than 13% for N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid. When given the controlled-release formulation, about 130 mg free mesalazine was recovered in the feces following a single 1-g dose, which was comparable to the 140 mg of mesalazine recovered from the molar equivalent sulfasalazine tablet dose of 2.5 g F3001]. Elimination of free mesalazine and salicylates in feces increased proportionately with the dose given. N-acetylmesalazine was the primary compound excreted in the urine (19% to 30%) following the controlled-release dosing. In patients with ulcerative proctitis treated with mesalamine 500 mg as a rectal suppository every 8 hours for 6 days, 12% or less of the dose was eliminated in urine as unchanged 5-ASA and 8% to 77% was eliminated as N-acetyl-5-ASA following the initial dose. At steady state, 11% or less of the dose was eliminated in the urine as unchanged 5-ASA and 3% to 35% was eliminated as N-acetyl-5-ASA.
For the extended-release formulation, mesalazine has a Vd of 18 L, confirming minimal extravascular penetration of systemically available drug. For the delayed-release formulation, the apparent volume of distribution was estimated to be 4.8 L.
The mean (SD) renal clearance in L/h for mesalazine following the single dose administration of mesalazine delayed-release tablets 4.8g under fasting conditions to young and elderly subjects were documented as 2.05 ± 1.33 in young subjects aged 18 to 35 years old, 2.04 ± 1.16 in elderly subjects aged 65 to 75 years old and 2.13 ± 1.20 in elderly subjects older than 75 years.
Following oral administration, low concentrations of mesalamine and higher concentrations of its metabolite, N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid, have been detected in human breast milk. It is not known whether mesalamine or its metabolites are distributed into milk in humans following rectal administration.
Tetrafluorobenzyl derivatives and pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases in central nervous system containing the same
[EN] NOVEL COMPOUNDS AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS THEREOF FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS<br/>[FR] NOUVEAUX COMPOSÉS ET COMPOSITIONS PHARMACEUTIQUES LES COMPRENANT POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE TROUBLES INFLAMMATOIRES
申请人:GALAPAGOS NV
公开号:WO2017012647A1
公开(公告)日:2017-01-26
The present invention discloses compounds according to Formula (I), wherein R1, R3, R4, R5, L1, and Cy are as defined herein. The present invention also provides compounds, methods for the production of said compounds of the invention, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and their use in allergic or inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, proliferative diseases, transplantation rejection, diseases involving impairment of cartilage turnover, congenital cartilage malformations, and/or diseases associated with hypersecretion of IL6 and/or interferons. The present invention also methods for the prevention and/or treatment of the aforementioned diseases by administering a compound of the invention.
SULFOXIMINE SUBSTITUTED QUINAZOLINES FOR PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS
申请人:BLUM Andreas
公开号:US20140135309A1
公开(公告)日:2014-05-15
This invention relates to novel sulfoximine substituted quinazoline derivatives of formula I
wherein Ar, R
1
and R
2
are as defined herein, and their use as MNK1 (MNK1a or MNK1b) and/or MNK2 (MNK2a or MNK2b) kinase inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, and methods of using the same as agents for treatment or amelioration of MNK1 (MNK1a or MNK1b) and/or MNK2 (MNK2a or MNK2b) mediated disorders.
[EN] SULFOXIMINE SUBSTITUTED QUINAZOLINES FOR PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS<br/>[FR] QUINAZOLINES SUBSTITUÉES PAR SULFOXIMINE POUR COMPOSITIONS PHARMACEUTIQUES
申请人:BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM INT
公开号:WO2014072244A1
公开(公告)日:2014-05-15
This invention relates to novel sulfoximine substituted quinazoline derivatives of formula (I), wherein Ar, R1 and R2 are as defined in the description and claims, and their use as MNK1 (MNK1a or MNK1b) and/or MNK2 (MNK2a or MNK2b) kinase inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, and methods of using the same as agents for treatment or amelioration of MNK1 (MNK1a or MNK1b) and/or MNK2 (MNK2a or MNK2b) mediated disorders.
[EN] PYRIMIDINE JAK INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SKIN DISEASES<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE JAK À BASE DE PYRIMIDINE POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE MALADIES DE LA PEAU
申请人:THERAVANCE BIOPHARMA R&D IP LLC
公开号:WO2020219640A1
公开(公告)日:2020-10-29
The invention provides compounds of formula (I): or pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof, that are inhibitors of Janus kinases. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to treat inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases.