壬酸 | 112-05-0

• 物质功能分类: 有机原料 - 羧酸类化合物及衍生物 - 无环羧酸
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 脂肪酰基
• 中文名称: 壬酸
• 中文别名: 风吕草酸；天竺葵酸；正壬酸；洋绣球酸；洋秀球酸；洋锈球酸；C9酸
• 英文名称: nonanoic acid
• 英文别名: pelargonic acid；n-nonanoic acid；C9:0
• CAS: 112-05-0
• 化学式: C₉H₁₈O₂
• mdl: MFCD00004433
• 分子量: 158.241
• InChiKey: FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  9 °C (lit.)
• 沸点：
  268-269 °C (lit.)
• 密度：
  0.906 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
• 蒸气密度：
  5.5 (vs air)
• 闪点：
  212 °F
• 溶解度：
  0.3g/l
• 介电常数：
  13.9（25℃）
• LogP：
  3.4 at 25℃
• 物理描述：
  Liquid; OtherSolid, Liquid
• 颜色/状态：
  Colorless, oily liquid at ordinary temp; crystallizes when cooled
• 气味：
  FATTY ODOR
• 味道：
  UNPLEASANT TASTE
• 蒸汽密度：
  4.41 (Air = 1)
• 蒸汽压力：
  1.65X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C
• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
• 粘度：
  8.08 mPa.sec at 20 °C
• 燃烧热：
  -5,456.1 kJ/mol
• 气味阈值：
  Aroma threshold values: Detection: 3 to 9 ppm.
• 折光率：
  Index of refraction: 1.4343 at 20 °C/D
• 解离常数：
  pKa = 4.95 at 25 °C
• 碰撞截面：
  143.33 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT, Method: single field calibrated with Agilent tune mix (Agilent)]
• 保留指数：
  1268;1263;1263;1276;1260;1256;1269;1256;1280;1280;1260;1272;1295;1300;1302;1302;1303;1283;1255;1263;1263;1272;1244;1247;1239;1261;1256;1308;1241;1277;1300;1278;1278;1253;1280;1260;1279;1264.7;1279;1272;1276
• 稳定性/保质期：
  1. 具有腐蚀性，小鼠经口LD50为15mg/kg，静脉注射LD50为224mg/kg。操作时应穿戴防护用具。 2. 存在于烤烟、白肋烟、香料烟的烟叶及烟气中。 3. 自然界中也存在于香蕉、啤酒和面包中。 4. 具有强烈的刺激性。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.5
• 重原子数：
  11
• 可旋转键数：
  7
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.888
• 拓扑面积：
  37.3
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

代谢

向狗体内注入含有20%三壬酸盐、0.9%氯化钠和1%大豆卵磷脂的乳液，导致壬酸的氧化。

INFUSION OF AN EMULSION CONTAINING 20% TRINONANOATE, 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE, & 1% SOYBEAN LECITHINS INTO DOGS RESULTED IN OXIDN OF NONANOIC ACID.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

壬酸被肝脏代谢产生酮体。代谢过程通过β-氧化进行，在大鼠中没有发现链延长或组织储存该酸的证据。末端丙酸残基的代谢导致葡萄糖和糖原合成增加。

NONANOIC ACID IS METABOLIZED BY THE LIVER TO PRODUCE KETONE BODIES. METABOLISM OCCURS VIA BETA-OXIDATION, AND NO EVIDENCE WAS FOUND IN RATS OF CHAIN ELONGATION OR TISSUE STORAGE OF THE ACID. METAB OF THE TERMINAL PROPIONIC ACID RESIDUE RESULTS IN INCREASED GLUCOSE AND GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 副作用

Dermatotoxin - 皮肤烧伤。

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 相互作用

40%丙醇中的壬酸（NON）... 通过20 MHz B扫描记录的图像分析（Dermascan C, Cortex Technology）评估皮肤反应。18名18至45岁的女性进行了24小时贴片测试，实验开始时、贴片测试后24小时和48小时进行了临床和仪器评估。为了检查可能的区域性变化... /NON/在同一前臂上应用了2次。作为对照测试，应用了盐水溶液、丙醇和3%的月桂基硫酸钠（SLS）。超声图像由一个程序处理，该程序能够根据给回波的振幅分配虚构值，选择感兴趣的振幅带，对图像进行二值转换，并计算在同一振幅范围内反射的区域扩展。超声记录通过一个振幅间隔标记真皮的 低反射部分（对应于水肿和炎症浸润），并通过一个带突出表皮的入口回声（表皮）... 评估显示，真皮的低回声区域扩展根据炎症反应的强度而增加，对所有刺激物质都适用。在SLS贴片测试点，24小时内在表皮回声的反射性明显降低，而在用NON进行的贴片测试点... 超反射像素的值有增加的趋势。在近端和远端皮肤位点记录的数据之间没有显著变化... /40%丙醇中的壬酸/

Skin reactions to 40% nonanoic acid in propanol (NON) ... were evaluated by image analysis of 20 MHz B scan recordings (Dermascan C, Cortex Technology). 18 women, aged 18 to 45, were patch tested with 24-hr application time, and clinical and instrumental evaluations were performed at the beginning of the experiment, and 24 and 48 hr after patch testing. To check possible regional variations ... /NON/ was applied 2 x on the same forearm. As control tests, saline solution, propanol and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) 3% were applied. Echographic images were processed by a program enabling numerical representation of picture data, based on attribution of fictional values to the echoes' amplitudes, selection of amplitude bands of interest, binary transformation of the image, and calculation of the extension of areas reflecting within the same amplitude range. Sonographic recordings were evaluated by an amplitude interval marking hyporeflecting parts of the dermis (corresponding to edema and inflammatory infiltration), and by a band highlighting the entrance echo (epidermis) ... Evaluations showed that extension of the hypoechogenic area of the dermis increases according to intensity of inflammatory reaction for all irritant substances. A clear decrease in reflectivity of the epidermis echo at 24 hr was visible at SLS patch test test sites, whereas at patch test sites performed with NON ... there was a trend towards an increase in values of hyperreflecting pixels. No significant variations between data recorded at proximal compared to distal skin sites were observed ... /40% Nonanoic acid in propanol/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 紧急急救：确保已经进行了充分的中和。如果患者停止呼吸，请开始人工呼吸，最好使用需求阀复苏器、袋阀面罩装置或口袋面罩，按训练进行操作。根据需要进行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果发生呕吐，让患者前倾或将其置于左侧（如果可能的话，头部向下），以保持呼吸道畅通，防止吸入。保持患者安静，维持正常体温。寻求医疗帮助。 /有机酸及相关化合物/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic acids and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 基本治疗：建立专利气道（如有需要，使用口咽或鼻咽气道）。如有必要，进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象，如有必要，辅助呼吸。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿，如有必要，进行治疗……。监测休克，如有必要，进行治疗……。对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中，用0.9%的生理盐水（NS）连续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入，如果患者能吞咽、有强烈的呕吐反射且不流口水，则用水冲洗口腔，并给予5毫升/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释。活性炭无效……。不要尝试中和，因为可能会发生放热反应。在去污后，用干燥、无菌的敷料覆盖皮肤烧伤……。/有机酸及其相关化合物/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Activated charcoal is not effective ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 高级治疗：对于无意识、严重肺水肿或严重呼吸困难的病人，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。在上呼吸道阻塞的最初迹象出现时，可能需要尽早进行插管。使用气囊面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。考虑使用药物治疗肺水肿……。对于严重的支气管痉挛，考虑给予β受体激动剂，如沙丁胺醇……。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常……。开始静脉输注5%葡萄糖水（D5W）/SRP: "保持开放"，最小流量/。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用0.9%盐水（NS）或乳酸钠林格液（LR）。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。如果病人在正常血容量时低血压，考虑使用血管加压药。注意观察液体过载的迹象……。使用丙美卡因盐酸协助眼部冲洗……。/有机酸及相关化合物/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险等级：
  8
• 危险品标志：
  C
• 安全说明：
  S26,S28,S28A,S36/37/39,S45
• 危险类别码：
  R34
• WGK Germany：
  1
• 海关编码：
  2915900090
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 3265 8/PG 3
• 危险类别：
  8
• RTECS号：
  RA6650000
• 包装等级：
  III
• 危险标志：
  GHS05
• 危险性描述：
  H314
• 危险性防范说明：
  P280,P303 + P361 + P353,P304 + P340 + P310,P305 + P351 + P338
• 储存条件：
  1. 储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种和热源，避免阳光直射，并保持容器密封。应与氧化剂和酸类分开存放，切忌混储。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。 2. 工业品可用塑料桶包装，每桶25kg；分析试剂则用玻璃瓶装，每瓶500g。按一般化学品的要求进行储存和运输。

SDS

Name:	n-Nonanoic acid 97% Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:	Pelargonic Acid
CAS:	112-05-0

Section 1 - Chemical Product MSDS Name:n-Nonanoic acid 97% Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:Pelargonic Acid

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Section 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

CAS#	Chemical Name	content	EINECS#
112-05-0	n-Nonanoic acid	97%	203-931-2

Hazard Symbols: C
Risk Phrases: 34

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Section 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Causes burns.
Potential Health Effects
Eye:
Causes eye burns. Causes redness and pain.
Skin:
Causes skin burns. Causes redness and pain.
Ingestion:
Causes gastrointestinal tract burns.
Inhalation:
Causes chemical burns to the respiratory tract.
Chronic:
Chronic exposure may cause effects similar to those of acute exposure.

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Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
Eyes: Get medical aid immediately. Do NOT allow victim to rub eyes or keep eyes closed. Extensive irrigation with water is required (at least 30 minutes).
Skin:
Get medical aid immediately. Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
Ingestion:
If swallowed, do NOT induce vomiting. Get medical aid immediately.
If victim is fully conscious, give a cupful of water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Inhalation:
Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Do NOT use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. If breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device such as a bag and a mask.
Notes to Physician:
Treat symptomatically and supportively.

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Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Will burn if involved in a fire. Vapors may be heavier than air. They can spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Extinguishing Media:
Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers. Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or chemical foam.

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Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks:
Absorb spill with inert material (e.g. vermiculite, sand or earth), then place in suitable container. Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Provide ventilation.

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Section 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE
Handling:
Do not breathe dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Do not ingest or inhale. Use only in a chemical fume hood. Discard contaminated shoes.
Storage:
Store in a cool, dry place. Store in a tightly closed container.
Corrosives area.

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Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION
Engineering Controls:
Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low.
Exposure Limits CAS# 112-05-0: Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear chemical splash goggles.
Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators:
Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29 CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Use a NIOSH/MSHA or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator if exposure limits are exceeded or if irritation or other symptoms are experienced.

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Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Physical State: Clear liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: Not available.
pH: Not available.
Vapor Pressure: Not available.
Viscosity: Not available.
Boiling Point: 254 deg C
Freezing/Melting Point: 12.5 deg C
Autoignition Temperature: Not available.
Flash Point: 114 deg C ( 237.20 deg F)
Explosion Limits, lower: 1.20
Explosion Limits, upper: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature:
Solubility in water: 0.3g/l
Specific Gravity/Density: 0.900
Molecular Formula: C9H18O2
Molecular Weight: 158.1248

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Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical Stability:
Not currently available.
Conditions to Avoid:
None reported.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Bases, oxidizing agents, reducing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported

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Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
RTECS#:
CAS# 112-05-0: RA6650000 LD50/LC50:
CAS# 112-05-0: Draize test, rabbit, eye: 91 mg Severe; Draize test, rabbit, eye: 100 uL Mild; Draize test, rabbit, skin: 500 mg/24H Moderate; Oral, mouse: LD50 = >5 gm/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = >5 gm/kg; Skin, rat: LD50 = >2 gm/kg.
Carcinogenicity:
n-Nonanoic acid - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP.
Other:
See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.

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Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Ecotoxicity:
Fish: Pseudomonas putida:

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Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations.

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Section 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION

IATA
Shipping Name: CORROSIVE LIQUID, ACIDIC, ORGANIC, N.O.S.*
Hazard Class: 8
UN Number: 3265
Packing Group: III
IMO
Shipping Name: CORROSIVE LIQUID, ACIDIC, ORGANIC, N.O.S.
Hazard Class: 8
UN Number: 3265
Packing Group: III
RID/ADR
Shipping Name: CORROSIVE LIQUID, ACIDIC, ORGANIC, N.O.S.
Hazard Class: 8
UN Number: 3265
Packing group: III

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Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION

European/International Regulations
European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: C
Risk Phrases:
R 34 Causes burns.
Safety Phrases:
S 26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately
with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 28A After contact with skin, wash immediately with
plenty of water.
S 36/37/39 Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves
and eye/face protection.
S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek
medical advice immediately (show the label where
possible).
WGK (Water Danger/Protection)
CAS# 112-05-0: No information available.
Canada
CAS# 112-05-0 is listed on Canada's DSL List.
CAS# 112-05-0 is listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.
US FEDERAL
TSCA
CAS# 112-05-0 is listed on the TSCA inventory.

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SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

制备方法与用途

性质

壬酸在常温常压下为无色透明的液体状，是一种具有一定极性和酸性的有机化合物。它具有一系列特征性的物理化学性质，这些性质决定了它在制备香料、涂料、塑料和橡胶等许多领域中的广泛应用。此外，壬酸还可以被还原成庚烷。与醇类反应时，它可以生成相应的酯。

含量分析

准确称取约1.0g试样，放入装有75～100ml水的250ml三角烧瓶中，加入酚酞指示剂，用0.5mol/L氢氧化钠溶液滴定至出现粉红色并维持15s。每毫升0.5mol/L氢氧化钠溶液相当于79.12mg壬酸。

毒性

壬酸具有腐蚀性。小鼠经口LD₅₀为15mg/kg，静脉注射LD₅₀为224mg/kg。操作人员应穿戴防护用具。

使用限量

• FEMA(mg/kg)：软饮料1.8；冷饮7.8；糖果6.6；焙烤食品13；起酥油10。
• 适度为限（FDA§172.515，2000）。

食品添加剂最大允许使用量与最大允许残留量标准

添加剂中文名称	允许使用该种添加剂的食品中文名称	添加剂功能	最大允许使用量（g/kg）	最大允许残留量（g/kg）
壬酸	食品	食品用香料	用于配制香精的各香料成分不得超过在GB 2760中的最大允许使用量和最大允许残留量

化学性质

壬酸是一种无色油状液体，工业品可能呈淡黄色。它具有微弱特殊气味，并且不溶于水，但可溶于乙醇、乙醚和氯仿。

用途

• 壬酸用作油漆干燥剂、增塑剂及合成润滑剂等。
• 根据GB 2760-96规定，壬酸是允许使用的食用香料，主要用来配制椰子和浆果类香精。
• 它也是有机合成原料。通过氧化可制成壬二酸；经氨化氢化得到壬胺；加压氢化可生成壬醇。此外，壬酸还用于生产壬酸酯类增塑剂，并且用作油漆干燥剂。
• 壬酸可用作洗涤剂漂白活化剂的中间体，也可用于生产作为纤维和喷气涡轮机润滑剂的多元醇酯。

生产方法

天然存在的壬酸（游离或酯化状态）存在于玫瑰、香叶、鸢尾、酒花、薰衣草等精油中。工业上由1-辛烯或油酸氧化制得。

1. 油酸经硝酸或臭氧氧化；
2. 以1-辛烯和合成气为原料，经过羰基化制得壬醛，然后通过空气氧化得到壬酸。实验室制备时，可以将重蒸过的丙二酸二乙酯加入丁醇钠中，在80-90℃下加热，随后加入溴庚烷进行反应，并在石蕊呈中性后加入氢氧化钾溶液，加热回流4-5小时。皂化完成后通过水蒸汽蒸馏得到壬酸。
3. 将浓盐酸加入残液中回流1小时后冷却分出油层并加热至180℃，当停止放出二氧化碳时，反应物中的油状物即为粗品壬酸。减压蒸馏，收集140-142℃（1.6kPa）的馏分得到成品壬酸，收率约70%。
4. 也可以通过由壬醇或壬醛氧化获得，或者经甲基壬酮氧化而得。油酸也可经臭氧氧化制备。

以上方法中任一一种都能有效合成出所需的壬酸产品。

上下游信息

• 上游原料

  中文名称	英文名称	CAS号	化学式	分子量
  正癸酸	1-decanoic acid	334-48-5	C10H20O2	172.268
  癸二酸	1,10-decanedioic acid	111-20-6	C10H18O4	202.251
  月桂酸	laurate	143-07-7	C12H24O2	200.321
  壬二酸	azelaic acid	123-99-9	C9H16O4	188.224
  十一烷酸	undecylenic acid	112-37-8	C11H22O2	186.294
  8-壬烯酸	non-8-enoic acid	31642-67-8	C9H16O2	156.225
  2-十一烯酸	10-undecenoic acid	112-38-9	C11H20O2	184.279
  7-氧代壬酸	7-oxononanoic acid	20356-92-7	C9H16O3	172.224
  10-氧代-十八烷酸	10-oxo-octadecanoic acid	4158-12-7	C18H34O3	298.466
  硬脂炔酸	Stearolic acid	506-24-1	C18H32O2	280.451
• 下游产品

  中文名称	英文名称	CAS号	化学式	分子量
  9-羟基壬酸	9-hydroxynonanoic acid	3788-56-5	C9H18O3	174.24
  十八烷二酸	octadecanedioic acid	871-70-5	C18H34O4	314.466
  壬二酸	azelaic acid	123-99-9	C9H16O4	188.224
  ——	8-hydroxynonanoic acid	75544-92-2	C9H18O3	174.24
  ——	DL-9-Methyloctadecansaeure	86073-38-3	C19H38O2	298.51
  己二酸	Adipic acid	124-04-9	C6H10O4	146.143
  壬酸甲酯	nonanoic acid methyl ester	1731-84-6	C10H20O2	172.268
  ——	pernonanoic acid	3058-35-3	C9H18O3	174.24
  油酸	cis-Octadecenoic acid	112-80-1	C18H34O2	282.467
  ——	D-3-methyl-dodecanoic acid	13490-36-3	C13H26O2	214.348

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  壬酸 在 溴 、 三氯化磷 作用下， 反应 15.0h， 生成 2-溴壬酸
  参考文献：
  名称：

  中离子 5-ALKYL-1,3-DITHIOLIUM-4-THIOLATES：合成和盐水对虾的毒性

  摘要：

  合成并表征了一系列 12 种 1,3-dithiolium-4-thiolate 介离子化合物。以α-溴代链烷酸为原料合成2-N-吗啉代-二硫代氨基甲酰基羧酸，在甲胺中与二硫化碳和乙酸酐反应生成相应的2-N-吗啉代-二硫代氨基甲酰羧酸，未分离出中间体1,3-二硫鎓-4-油酸酯。之后，通过逆向 1,3-偶极加成反应获得 2-N-morpholino-5-烷基-1,3-dithiolium-4-thiolates。醇！与杂环的 C-5 连接的部分允许增加疏水特性，并且对卤虫的致死率评估了这种影响。结果表明，介离子衍生物侧链碳原子数与丰年虾毒性测定的LD50呈钟形关系。介离子化合物因其特殊的结构、反应行为和广谱性而受到越来越多的关注和广泛的研究。 -范围的生物活动 (1-5)。最近，这些化合物已被广泛用于新材料应用，包括非线性光学效应 (6)、分析试剂 (7)（例如 Nitron"）和照相材料

  DOI：

  10.1515/hc.2002.8.6.593
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  9,10-二酮硬脂酸 在 硫酸 、 双氧水 、 sodium hydrogensulfite 作用下， 以 甲苯 为溶剂， 反应 6.0h， 生成 壬酸
  参考文献：
  名称：

  通过化学-酶促途径将油酸转化为壬二酸和壬酸

  摘要：

  本文描述了用于将油酸转化为壬二酸和壬酸的化学酶促方法。它代表了臭氧分解的可持续替代方案，目前以工业规模进行反应。经过三个步骤后，以高化学纯度以 44% 的分离率生产壬二酸，避免了柱层析纯化。在第一步中，在 35% H2O2 存在下脂肪酶介导的过油酸生成用于将不饱和酸自环氧化成相应的环氧乙烷衍生物。该中间体进行原位酸催化开环，得到 9,10-二羟基硬脂酸，它很容易从反应介质中结晶出来。二醇衍生物的化学氧化，

  DOI：

  10.3390/molecules25081882
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  cadmium(II) acetate dihydrate 、 nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate 、 三辛基膦硒化物 在 壬酸 作用下， 以 二苯醚 为溶剂， 反应 1.08h， 生成
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Synthesis and Characterization of Ni2+-Doped CdSe and CdSe(S) Quantum Dots

  摘要：

  The Ni-doped CdSe and CdSe(S) nanocrystals were synthesized using oleic and pelargic acids as stabilising agents and investigated by transmission electron microscopy, optical spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy.

  DOI：

  10.1016/j.mencom.2012.11.003

文献信息

• 樱草素衍生物及其合成方法和应用
  申请人：西北大学

  公开号：CN107501073A

  公开（公告）日：2017-12-22

  本发明公开了一种如结构通式（I）所示的具有抗菌活性的樱草素衍生物，其中R选自C2～C20的烷基。其以间苯二酚和脂肪酸衍生物为原料，经傅‑克酰基化和甲基化合成丹皮酚衍生物，将羰基还原后再经过氧化得到樱草素衍生物。该樱草素衍生物具有良好的抗菌活性，可作为潜在的抗菌剂使用。
• Bna Conjugates and Methods of Use
  申请人：James Kenneth D.

  公开号：US20080207505A1

  公开（公告）日：2008-08-28

  Modified natriuretic compounds and conjugates thereof are disclosed in the present invention. In particular, conjugated forms of hBNP are provided that include at least one modifying moiety attached thereto. The modified natriuretic compound conjugates retain activity for stimulating cGMP production, binding to NPR-A receptor, decreasing arterial blood pressure and in some embodiments an improved half-life in circulation as compared to unmodified counterpart natriuretic compounds. Oral, parenteral, enteral, subcutaneous, pulmonary, and intravenous forms of the compounds and conjugates may be prepared as treatments and/or therapies for heart conditions particularly congestive heart failure. Modifying moieties comprising oligomeric structures having a variety of lengths and configurations are also disclosed. Analogs of the hBNP compound are also disclosed, having an amino acid sequence that is other than the native sequence.

  本发明公开了改性利钠肽化合物及其共轭物。具体而言，提供了至少连接有一个修饰基团的hBNP的共轭形式。这些改性利钠肽化合物共轭物保留了刺激cGMP产生、结合NPR-A受体、降低动脉血压以及在某些实施例中相对于未经改性的对应利钠肽化合物具有改善的循环半衰期的活性。这些化合物和共轭物的口服、静脉注射、肠内、皮下、肺部和静脉形式可作为治疗和/或治疗心脏病症，特别是充血性心力衰竭的治疗。还公开了包含具有各种长度和构型的寡聚结构的修饰基团。此外，还公开了hBNP化合物的类似物，其氨基酸序列与天然序列不同。
• Solid State Polymerization Process for Polyester with Phosphinic Acid Compounds
  申请人：Odorisio Paul

  公开号：US20130035451A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-02-07

  Disclosed are phosphinic acid compounds of formula I, II or III where R 1 and R 1 ′ are for instance straight or branched C 1 -C 50 alkyl, R 2 is for instance straight or branched C 22 -C 50 alkyl, R 3 and R 3 ′ are for instance straight or branched C 1 -C 50 alkyl, R 4 is for instance straight or branched C 1 -C 50 alkylene and m is from 2 to 100. Also disclosed are polyester compositions comprising the compounds of formula I, II and III.

  公开的是化学式I、II或III的膦酸化合物，其中R1和R1'例如是直链或支链的C1-C50烷基，R2例如是直链或支链的C22-C50烷基，R3和R3'例如是直链或支链的C1-C50烷基，R4例如是直链或支链的C1-C50烷基，m为2至100。还公开了包含化学式I、II和III的聚酯组合物。
• [EN] INDAZOLE- AND PYRROLOPYRIDINE-DERIVATIVE AND PHARMACEUTICAL USE THEREOF<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉ D'INDAZOLE ET PYRROLOPYRIDINE ET UTILISATION PHARMACEUTIQUE DE CELUI-CI
  申请人：DAINIPPON SUMITOMO PHARMA CO

  公开号：WO2012169649A1

  公开（公告）日：2012-12-13

  The present invention relates to a novel indazole- or pyrrolopyridine-derivative, represented by the formula (1) below, that has an agonistic action or a partial agonistic action against serotonin-4 receptor, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same. Formula (1) [wherein each substituent is as defined in claim 1]

  本发明涉及一种新型吲唑基或吡咯吡啶基衍生物，由下面的式（1）表示，该衍生物对5-羟色胺-4受体具有激动作用或部分激动作用，并且包括含有该衍生物的药物组合物。式（1）[其中每个取代基如权利要求1所定义]
• Hydrosilylation of carbonyl and carboxyl groups catalysed by Mn(<scp>i</scp>) complexes bearing triazole ligands
  作者：Oriol Martínez-Ferraté、Basujit Chatterjee、Christophe Werlé、Walter Leitner

  DOI：10.1039/c9cy01738k

  日期：——

  Manganese(I) complexes bearing triazole ligands are reported as catalysts for the hydrosilylation of carbonyl and carboxyl compounds. The desired reaction proceeds readily at 80 °C within 3 hours at catalyst loadings as low as 0.25 to 1 mol%. Hence, good to excellent yields of alcohols could be obtained for a wide range of substrates including ketones, esters, and carboxylic acids illustrating the

  据报道，带有三唑配体的锰（I）配合物是羰基和羧基化合物氢化硅烷化的催化剂。所需的反应在催化剂负载低至0.25至1 mol％的情况下，可在80℃下于3小时内轻松进行。因此，对于包括酮，酯和羧酸在内的多种底物，可以获得良好至优异的醇收率，说明了金属/配体组合的多功能性。

表征谱图