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(1S)-3-[2-[(1R,7aR)-1-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol | 50-14-6

中文名称
——
中文别名
——
英文名称
(1S)-3-[2-[(1R,7aR)-1-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol
英文别名
——
(1S)-3-[2-[(1R,7aR)-1-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol化学式
CAS
50-14-6
化学式
C28H44O
mdl
——
分子量
396.6
InChiKey
MECHNRXZTMCUDQ-WQSWAFMISA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    114-118 °C(lit.)
  • 比旋光度:
    82 º (c=3, in acetone 25 ºC)
  • 沸点:
    460.3°C (rough estimate)
  • 密度:
    0.9784 (rough estimate)
  • 闪点:
    14 °C
  • 溶解度:
    在水中的溶解度200 mg/mL,清澈至浑浊
  • LogP:
    10.440 (est)
  • 物理描述:
    Ergocalciferol appears as odorless white crystals. Used as a dietary supplement and food additive. (EPA, 1998)
  • 颜色/状态:
    Prisms from acetone
  • 气味:
    Odorless
  • 味道:
    Medications associated with a metallic or bitter taste include ... vitamin D.
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    Deterioration of pure crystal is negligible after storage of /9 mo/ in amber evacuated ampuls at refrigerator temperature. /Vitamin D3/
  • 旋光度:
    Specific optical rotation: +82.6 @ 25 °C/D (c= 3 in acetone); +102.5 @ 20 °C/D (alcohol); specific optical rotation: +52 @ 20 °C/D (chloroform); UV max absorption (hexane): 264.5 nm (e= 458.9 +/- 7.5, 1%, 1 cm)

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    7.4
  • 重原子数:
    29
  • 可旋转键数:
    5
  • 环数:
    3.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.71
  • 拓扑面积:
    20.2
  • 氢给体数:
    1
  • 氢受体数:
    1

ADMET

代谢
维生素D在第25位在肝脏被羟基化,生成25-羟基维生素D3,这是在血浆中循环的主要代谢物。该代谢物在肾脏进一步被羟基化为1,25-二羟基维生素D3,后者是最活跃的代谢物,用于启动肠道对钙和磷酸盐的吸收以及从骨骼中动员矿物质。
Vitamin D ... is hydroxylated at the 25 position in liver to produce 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 which is the major metabolite circulating in the plasma. The metabolite is further hydroxylated in the kidney to 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3, the most active metabolite in initiating intestinal transport of calcium & phosphate & mobilization of mineral from bone.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
一个极性的、生物活性代谢物,来自维生素D2的25-羟基麦角钙化醇,在大鼠治疗佝偻病方面活性约高出1.5倍,已经从猪血浆中分离出来。
A polar, biologically active metabolite of vitamin D2, 25-hydroxyergocalciferol, which is about 1.5 times more active in curing rickets in rats, has been isolated from pig plasma.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
Dihydrotachysterol 是一种维生素 D 类似物,可以被认为是维生素 D2 的还原产物... Dihydrotachysterol 在抗佝偻病检测中的活性大约是维生素 D 的 1/450,但在高剂量下,它在动员骨矿物质方面比维生素 D 要有效得多。
Dihydrotachysterol is a vitamin D analog that may be regaurded as a reduction product of vitamin D2 ... Dihydrotachysterol is about 1/450 as active as vitamin D in the antirachitic assay, but at high doses it is much more effective than vitamin D in mobilizing bone mineral.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 肝毒性
既不是正常也不是过高的维生素D摄入与肝脏损伤或肝脏测试异常有关。维生素D过多症和维生素D中毒通常是在每日摄入量超过50,000 IU时出现,但在易感个体中,如患有肾性骨营养不良(继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进)的患者,较低剂量也可能引起毒性,因此推荐的摄入上限更安全的是10,000 IU每日。维生素D中毒的症状是由高钙血症引起的,可能包括脱水、口渴、多尿、厌食、恶心、呕吐、便秘、疲劳、骨痛和肌肉抽筋。并发症可能包括肾功能不全、肾钙质沉着、意识降低和癫痫发作。过量服用维生素D后,症状会在几周到几个月内出现,无论是口服还是静脉注射。维生素D过多症的常见原因是非处方药或当地准备的营养补充剂的错误标签、过度强化牛奶或食品,以及处方或配药错误。在维生素D中毒的临床描述中,典型的实验室发现是高钙血症、血清肌酐升高和高25-OH维生素D水平(通常高于200 ng/mL或500 nmol/L)。血清转氨酶和胆红素水平通常正常,而碱性磷酸酶水平可能实际上低于正常。
Neither normal nor excessively high intakes of vitamin D are associated with liver injury or liver test abnormalities. Hypervitaminosis D and vitamin D intoxication generally arise with intakes above 50,000 IU daily, but lower doses may induce toxicity in susceptible individuals such as patients with renal osteodystrophy (secondary hyperparathyroidism), and a safer upper limit of recommended intake is 10,000 IU daily. Symptoms of vitamin D intoxication are caused by hypercalcemia and can include dehydration, thirst, polyuria, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, fatigue, bone pains and muscle cramps. Complications can include renal dysfunction, nephrocalcinosis, decreased consciousness and seizures. Symptoms arise a few weeks to several months after starting excess doses of vitamin D given orally or parenterally. A common cause of hypervitaminosis D is the mislabeling of an over-the-counter or locally prepared nutritional supplement, excessive fortification of milk or foods, and inadvertent prescription or dispensing errors. In clinical descriptions of vitamin D intoxication, typical laboratory findings are hypercalcemia, increase in serum creatinine, and high 25-OH vitamin D levels (usually above 200 ng/mL or 500 nmol/L). Serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels are typically normal, while alkaline phosphatase levels may actually be lower than normal.
来源:LiverTox
毒理性
  • 相互作用
钙三醇(1,25-二羟基维生素D3)对20名正常受试者接受两次单独剂量的麦角钙化醇(维生素D2)转化为25-羟基维生素D的影响,其中一次与钙三醇同时给药,另一次不同时给药,本文进行了描述。同时使用这两种药物对血清钙三醇浓度没有影响。
The effect of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) on the conversion of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) to 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 20 normal subjects receiving 2 separate doses of ergocalciferol, one with and one without concomitant administration of calcitriol is described. The concurrent administration of the 2 drugs made no difference to serum calcitriol concentrations.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
报告了一名77岁女性患者服用过量维生素D2后,使用戊硫氧嘧啶治疗(500毫克/天)对维生素D代谢的影响。这位患者的血钙过高与总25-羟基维生素D和总1,25-二羟基维生素D的血清浓度升高有关。在戊硫氧嘧啶给药后8天,血浆γ-谷氨酰转移酶活性超过正常上限,治疗第18-22天达到高峰,为90 IU/L。血浆钙浓度在第13天降至正常范围内。血清1,25-二羟基维生素D浓度在4天内开始下降,8天后接近参考范围下限,为70 pmol/L。直到诱导肝酶后,总25-羟基维生素D的血清浓度才显著变化;此后,它逐渐下降。尽管25-羟基维生素D浓度仍然较高,但1,25-二羟基维生素D的浓度没有再次上升,而是保持在正常范围的下部。
The effects of glutethimide therapy, 500 mg/day, on the metabolism of vitamin D in a 77 yr old female patient who had taken an overdose of vitamin D2 are reported. Hypercalcemia in this patient was associated with raised serum concentrations of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D and total 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Eight days after administration of glutethimide, plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase activity rose above the upper limit of normal, peaking at 90 IU/L on days 18-22 of therapy. The plasma calcium concentration fell to within the normal range on day 13. The serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D began to fall within 4 days, and after 8 days it was near the lower limit of the reference range, at 70 pmol/L. The serum concentration of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D did not change appreciably until hepatic enzymes were induced; thereafter it fell gradually. Although the 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration remained high, the concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D did not rise again but remained within the lower part of the normal range.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
高胆固醇饮食和皮质类固醇对大鼠维生素D2毒性的影响进行了研究。维生素D2以口服方式给药,剂量为5×10^4至60×10^4 IU/kg,每天一次,连续4天。食用胆固醇的动物在维生素D2治疗下的死亡率有所下降。饮食中的胆固醇抑制了由亚致死剂量的维生素D2(20×10^4 IU/kg,每天一次,连续4天)产生的毒性反应,如厌食后生长速率下降、血清钙水平升高和组织中钙沉积。在第一次维生素D2给药前2周开始高胆固醇饮食的动物比第一次给药后给予这种饮食的动物显示出更多的症状缓解。另一方面,地塞米松和皮质酮显著增加了维生素D2引起的死亡率。地塞米松增强的维生素D2毒性与高钙血症和组织钙化的程度相关。因此,胆固醇的抑制作用不太可能是由于激活了肾上腺中的胆固醇-皮质酮系统。
The effect of a high cholesterol diet and corticosteroids on the toxicity of vitamin D2 in rats was studied. Vitamin D2 was administered orally at the dosage of 5X10+4 to 60X10+4 IU/kg, once daily for 4 days. Animals fed cholesterol showed a decrease in mortality due to vitamin D2 treatment. Dietary cholesterol inhibited toxic responses such as a diminished growth rate following anorexia, elevated serum calcium level and calcium deposition in tissues, which were produced by a sublethal dose of vitamin D2 (20X10+4 IU/kg, once daily for 4 days). Animals pretreated with the high cholesterol diet from 2 wk before the first vitamin D2 administration showed much more symptomatic relief than those given this diet after the first vitamin D2 administration. On the other hand, dexamethasone as well as corticosterone remarkably increased the mortality due to vitamin D2. The degree of vitamin D2 toxicity, enhanced by dexamethasone, was correlated with the degree of hypercalcemia and tissue calcification. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of cholesterol is not likely to be due to activation of the cholesterol corticosterone system in the adrenal gland.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
研究了在长期抗惊厥药物治疗的癫痫患者中,使用药理剂量的维生素D2或维生素D3短期治疗对血清1,25(OH)2D代谢物浓度的影响。在治疗之前和之后,对9名患者进行了研究,他们每天接受4000 IU维生素D2治疗24周,另外10名患者在相同剂量下接受维生素D3治疗之前和之后进行研究。治疗前,癫痫患者的血清1,25(OH)2D和25(OH)D浓度显著低于正常受试者(p< 0.01)。维生素D2治疗增加了血清1,25(OH)2D2的浓度,但相应的1,25(OH)2D3的减少导致总1,25(OH)2D的血清浓度没有变化。血清25(OH)D2和25(OH)D的浓度显著增加,而25(OH)D3的浓度略有下降。维生素D3治疗没有改变血清1,25(OH)2D3的浓度,而血清25(OH)D3的浓度显著增加。在维生素D2治疗的癫痫患者和正常受试者中,血清1,25(OH)2D2/1,25(OH)2D3比值与25(OH)D2/25(OH)D3比值之间的相关性非常显著(p< 0.01)。数据显示,血清1,25(OH)2D2和1,25(OH)2D3的浓度与其前体25(OH)D2和25(OH)D3的量成正比,并且总1,25(OH)2D的浓度受到严格的调控。
The effect of short term treatment with pharmacological doses of vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 on the serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D metabolites was examined in epileptic patients on chronic anticonvulsant drug therapy. Nine patients were studied before and after treatment with vitamin D2 4000 IU daily for 24 wk and 10 before and after treatment with vitamin D3 in the same dose. Before treatment the serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D were significantly lower in epileptics than in normal subjects (p< 0.01). Vitamin D2 treatment increased the serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D2, but a corresponding decrease in 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in an unchanged serum concentration of total 1,25(OH)2D. The serum concentration of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D increase significantly, whereas there was a small decrease in 25(OH)D3. Vitamin D3 treatment did not change the serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D3 whereas serum 25(OH)D3 increased significantly. The correlation between the serum ratio of 1,25(OH)2D2/1,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D2/25(OH)D3 estimated on vitamin D2 treated epileptic patients and normal subjects was highly significant (p< 0.01). The data indicate that the serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D2 and 1,25(OH)2D3 are directly proportional to the amount of their precursors 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 and that the concentration of total 1,25(OH)2D is tightly regulated.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
维生素D2和维生素D3都从小肠吸收,尽管维生素D3的吸收可能更有效。维生素D吸收最有效的肠道部位反映了维生素溶解的载体。大部分维生素首先出现在淋巴中的乳糜微粒中。
Both vitamin D2 & vitamin D3 are absorbed from the small intestine, although vitamin D3 may be absorbed more efficiently. The exact portion of the gut that is most effective in vitamin D absorption reflects the vehicle in which the vitamin is dissolved. Most of the vitamin appears first within chylomicrons in lymph.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
胆汁的存在是吸收麦角钙化醇所必需的,患有肝脏、胆道或胃肠道疾病(例如,克罗恩病、惠普尔病、乳糜泻)的患者的胃肠道吸收程度可能会降低。
The presence of bile is required for absorption of ergocalciferol and the extent of GI absorption may be decreased in patients with hepatic, biliary, or GI disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, Whipple's disease, sprue).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
进行了一项为期6个月的纵向、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究,以监测人乳喂养婴儿在补充和不补充维生素D2的情况下紫外线B光的暴露情况,并纵向测量骨矿物质含量、生长以及血清中钙、磷、25-羟基维生素D3、25-羟基维生素D2、1,25-二羟基维生素D和甲状旁腺激素的浓度。对46名人乳喂养的白人婴儿进行了顺序抽样;其中24人每天接受400 IU的维生素D2,22人接受安慰剂。另外12名患者接受了标准婴儿配方奶粉的喂养。83%的患者完成了整个6个月的研究。紫外线B光暴露和生长测量在组间没有差异。在6个月时,人乳组在骨矿物质含量或血清中甲状旁腺激素或1,25-二羟基维生素D的浓度上没有显著差异,尽管未补充的人乳组总25-羟基维生素D值显著低于补充组(23.53 ± 9.94 对 36.96 ± 11.86 ng/ml;p< 0.01)。然而,到6个月大时,未补充的人乳喂养组25-羟基维生素D3的血清浓度显著高于补充组(21.77 ± 9.73 对 11.74 ± 10.27 ng/ml,p< 0.01)。因此得出结论,在生命的前6个月,未补充的人乳喂养婴儿没有维生素D缺乏的证据。
A longitudinal, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study was conducted for 6 months to monitor ultraviolet B light exposure in human milk-fed infants both with and without supplemental vitamin D2, and to measure longitudinally the bone mineral content, growth, and serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and parathyroid hormone. Sequential sampling was performed of 46 human milk-fed white infants; 24 received 400 IU/day of vitamin D2, and 22 received placebo. An additional 12 patients were followed who received standard infant formula. 83% of patients completed a full 6 months of the study. Ultraviolet B light exposure and measurements of growth did not differ between groups. At 6 months, the human milk groups did not differ significantly in bone mineral content or serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, although total 25-hydroxyvitamin D values were significantly less in the unsupplemented human milk group (23.53 + or - 9.94 vs 36.96 + or - 11.86 ng/ml; p< 0.01). However, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 serum concentrations were significantly higher in the unsupplemented human milk-fed group compared with the supplemented group (21.77 + or - 9.73 vs 11.74 + or - 10.27 ng/ml, p< 0.01) by 6 months of age. It was concluded that unsupplemented, human milk-fed infants had no evidence of vitamin D deficiency during the first 6 months of life.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
对猫进行了一项比较研究,比较麦角钙化醇和胆钙化醇提高猫血浆中维生素D和25-羟基维生素D的能力。胆钙化醇以油剂口服给药后,迅速提高了血浆中胆钙化醇的浓度,随后迅速下降。相比之下,血浆中25-羟基维生素D的浓度在给药后第3天持续增加,并在接下来的5天内保持升高。当将337微克的胆钙化醇和麦角钙化醇以油剂口服给药给10只猫时,胆钙化醇和麦角钙化醇的血浆峰值浓度在给药后8或12小时出现。胆钙化醇的峰值浓度是麦角钙化醇的两倍多(570 +/- 80 对比 264 +/- 42 nmol/l)。胆钙化醇的0-169小时曲线下面积也是麦角钙化醇的两倍多。当麦角钙化醇和胆钙化醇以基于油的乳剂形式给药时,血浆中25-羟基维生素D3的浓度高于25-羟基维生素D2。当两种维生素以营养范围内的含量加入饮食中时,血浆中25-羟基维生素D2的浓度是25-羟基维生素D3的0.68。猫对麦角钙化醇的排斥似乎是由于两种维生素D代谢物对结合蛋白的亲和力差异所致。这些结果表明,猫对麦角钙化醇的利用效率为胆钙化醇的0.7,以维持血浆中25-羟基维生素D的浓度。
A comparison was made of the ability of ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol to elevate plasma concentrations of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in cats. Cholecalciferol, given as an oral bolus in oil, resulted in a rapid elevation of plasma concentration of cholecalciferol followed by a rapid decline. In contrast, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in plasma increased until day 3 after administration and remained elevated for a further 5 days. When 337 microg of both cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol in oil were given as an oral bolus to 10 cats, the peak plasma concentrations of cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol occurred at 8 or 12 h after administration. Peak concentrations of cholecalciferol were over twice those of ergocalciferol (570 +/- 80 vs. 264 +/- 42 nmol/l). The area under the curve 0-169 h for cholecalciferol was also more than twice that for ergocalciferol. When ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol were administered in a parenteral oil-based emulsion, higher concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 than 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 were maintained in plasma. When both vitamins were included in the diet in the nutritional range, plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 were 0.68 of those of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Discrimination against ergocalciferol by cats appears to result from differences in affinity of the binding protein for the metabolites of the two forms of vitamin D. These results indicate that cats discriminate against ergocalciferol, and use it with an efficiency of 0.7 of that of cholecalciferol to maintain plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
骨质疏松症降低了患有囊性纤维化(CF)成年人的生活质量。由于吸收不良导致的维生素D缺乏可能是CF患者低骨矿物质密度(BMD)病因的一个因素。目标:比较10名患有CF和外分泌胰腺功能不足的成年人和10名健康对照对象对口服麦角钙化醇(维生素D2)的吸收以及随后25-羟基维生素D的反应。设计:在这项药代动力学研究中,CF患者和对照对象按年龄、性别和种族进行配对。每个对象在进餐时摄入2500微克口服维生素D2。CF组还服用了提供≥80000 U脂肪酶的胰腺酶。在维生素D2摄入前和摄入后5、10、24、30和36小时采集血液样本,以测量血清维生素D2和25-羟基维生素D的浓度。结果:所有受试者在基线时维生素D2浓度接近零。CF患者吸收的口服维生素D2不到对照组吸收量的一半(P < 0.001)。CF患者的吸收情况差异很大;2名患者几乎未吸收维生素D2。与对照组相比,CF组25-羟基维生素D对维生素D2吸收的反应在时间上的升高显著较低(P = 0.0012)。结论:CF患者对维生素D2的吸收显著低于对照组。这些结果可能有助于解释CF患者维生素D缺乏的病因,这可能导致他们的BMD降低。
Osteoporosis diminishes the quality of life in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). Vitamin D deficiency resulting from malabsorption may be a factor in the etiology of low bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with CF. OBJECTIVE: Absorption of oral ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and the consequent response of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 10 adults with CF and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was compared with that of 10 healthy control subjects. DESIGN: In this pharmacokinetic study, CF patients and control subjects were pair-matched on age, sex, and race. Each subject consumed 2500 microg oral vitamin D2 with a meal. The CF group also took pancreatic enzymes that provided > or = 80000 U lipase. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at 5, 10, 24, 30, and 36 h after vitamin D2 consumption to measure serum vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. RESULTS: Vitamin D2 concentrations in all subjects were near zero at baseline. CF patients absorbed less than one-half the amount of oral vitamin D2 that was absorbed by control subjects (P < 0.001). Absorption by the CF patients varied greatly; 2 patients absorbed virtually no vitamin D2. The rise in 25-hydroxyvitamin D in response to vitamin D2 absorption was significantly lower over time in the CF group than in the control group (P = 0.0012). CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D2 absorption was significantly lower in CF patients than in control subjects. These results may help explain the etiology of vitamin D deficiency in CF patients, which may contribute to their low BMD.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    6.1(a)
  • 危险品标志:
    T+
  • 安全说明:
    S26,S28,S28A,S36,S36/37,S45
  • 危险类别码:
    R26,R48/25,R24/25
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 海关编码:
    29362900
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 2811 6.1/PG 2
  • RTECS号:
    KE1050000
  • 包装等级:
    II
  • 危险类别:
    6.1(a)
  • 危险标志:
    GHS06,GHS08
  • 危险性描述:
    H301 + H311,H330,H372
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P260,P280,P302 + P352 + P312,P304 + P340 + P310,P403 + P233

SDS

SDS:b094a7c65cb16b3c1d22fbbedc16a4d9
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制备方法与用途

根据您提供的信息,维生素D2(麦角钙化醇)主要用于以下方面:

  1. 预防和治疗小儿佝偻病及成人骨质软化症

  2. 保持钙和磷的代谢正常,促进机体对钙和磷的吸收

  3. 营养强化食品:

  • 人造奶油:最大使用量为125~156μg/kg
  • 乳制品:63~125μg/kg
  • 婴幼儿食品:50~100μg/kg
  • 乳及乳饮料:10~40μg/kg
  • 固体饮料和冰淇淋:10~20μg/kg
  1. 化学性质:
  • 白色针状结晶或结晶性粉末,无臭无味
  • 易溶于乙醇、乙醚等有机溶剂
  • 遇氧或光照活性降低
  1. 生产方法:
  • 从植物油或酵母中提取麦角钙醇,再用紫外线照射转化而成
  • 紫外线照射麦角甾醇开环得到维生素D2粗品,再精制得成品
  1. 化学结构特征:
  • 麦角甾醇经紫外光照射在9,10位键断裂生成维生素D2
  • 分子中含有共轭双键,在265nm波长处有最大吸收

综上所述,维生素D2是一种重要的脂溶性维生素,具有促进钙磷代谢、防治佝偻病和骨质软化等作用。