No exposure limit is set. Because of its
low vapor pressure and low toxicity, the
health hazard to humans from occupational
exposure should be very low.
LogP:
1.05 at 20℃
物理描述:
Benzyl alcohol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Slightly denser than water. Flash point 194°F. Boiling point 401°F. Contact may irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be slightly toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.
Benzyl alcohol is normally oxidized rapidly to benzoic acid, conjugated with glycine in the liver, and excreted as hippuric acid. However, this metabolic pathway may not be well developed in premature infants. The benzyl alcohol may therefore have been metabolized to benzoic acid, which could not be conjugated by the immature liver but accumulated, causing metabolic acidosis ... .
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
当进行代谢时,苯甲醇通过简单的氧化转化为苯甲酸。因此,相关的数据涉及苯甲酸和苯甲酸钠。
When metabolized, benzyl alcohol is converted to benzoic acid by simple oxidation. The relevant data, therefore, relate to benzoic acid and sodium benzoate.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
苯甲醇是苯乙酸代谢途径的中间产物;随后的代谢过程与苯甲醇相同。
Benzyl alcohol was an intermediate product in the metabolic pathway of benzyl acetate; the subsequent metabolism was identical to that of benzyl alcohol.
In adults, benzyl alcohol is oxidized to benzoic acid, conjugated in the liver with glycine, and excreted in the urine as hippuric acid. The immature metabolic capacities of infants diminish their ability to metabolize and excrete benzyl alcohol. Preterm babies have a greater ability to metabolize benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid than do term babies, but are unable to convert benzoic acid to hippuric acid, possibly because of glycine deficiency. This results in the accumulation of benzoic acid.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
苯甲醇是已知的人类甲苯代谢物。
Benzyl alcohol is a known human metabolite of toluene.
IDENTIFICATION: Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic organic alcohol, water-white in color with a faint aromatic odor and a sharp burning taste; it is a preservative, a solvent, and a local anesthetic. It is used in a wide variety of products including photographic developer for color movie films; dyeing nylon filament, textiles, and sheet plastics; solvent for dyestuffs, cellulose esters, casein, waxes; heat-sealing polyethylene films; intermediate for benzyl esters and ethers; bacteriostatic; cosmetics, ointments, emulsions; ball point pen inks; stencil inks. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Benzyl alcohol has been found to be irritating to the skin at levels 3% or greater. Patch test with 0.65% benzyl alcohol did not produce irritation of the skin. Benzyl alcohol poisoning can cause the gasping syndrome in neonates. The infants had a typical course of gradual neurologic deterioration, severe metabolic acidosis, the striking onset of gasping respirations, thrombocytopenia, hepatic and renal failure, hypotension, cardiovascular collapse and death. In every infant, unmetabolized benzyl alcohol was identified in the urine. Hypersensitivity reactions may occur after parenteral or dermal exposure to benzyl alcohol. Acute reactions include urticaria, erythema, palpable edema, fatigue, nausea, diffuse angioedema, maculopapular rash, and fever. A delayed hypersensitivity reaction characterized by erythema, edema, and vesiculation may appear in 2 to 3 days after an immediate reaction to a single benzyl alcohol challenge in the same patient. Reports are available contraindicating the use of neuromuscular blocking agents containing benzyl alcohol. Use of these agents was not advised in neonates or in the epidural space. Benzyl alcohol 0.225 mg/mL, the clinically relevant concentration in triamcinolone acetonide (TA) following intravitreal injection, caused ultrastructural damage and impaired human retinal pigment epithelial cell function at 2 hr. Benzyl alcohol 9.0 mg/mL, the concentration in commercial TA suspensions, was toxic within 5 minutes. ANIMAL STUDIES: In a primary irritation study 10% benzyl alcohol applied in a 24-hour occlusive patch to the back of eight male albino rabbits did not cause irritation. Undiluted benzyl alcohol was moderately irritating when applied to the depilated skin of guinea pigs for 24 hr. Acute intravenous toxicity of benzyl alcohol was determined in mice. Clinical signs were convulsion, dyspnea and reduced motility in all strains for 24 hours. The slight decrease in body weight in the first week following treatment returned to normal in the second week. Microscopic examination revealed local nerve degeneration when 5% benzyl alcohol was injected into the side of a cat's face; at 10% local anesthesia was produced. In another experiment, rats were given oral doses of 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg for 13 weeks. The high dose produced clinical signs indicative of neurotoxicity including staggering, respiratory difficulty, and lethargy. Reduction in weight gain was noted in males at 800 mg/kg and females at equal to or greater than 200 mg/kg. The high dose animals also showed hemorrhages around the mouth and nose, and histological lesions in the brain, thymus, skeletal muscle, and kidney. Fifty pregnant mice were given 750 mg/kg/day benzyl alcohol in water by gavage on days 6-13 of gestation and were allowed to deliver. A decrease in the birth weight and weight gain in the pups was observed, but the chemical was not toxic to the mothers and had no effect on pup viability. Benzyl alcohol was tested for genotoxicity in 5 Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA97, TA98, and TA100) in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. The highest ineffective dose tested without toxicity in any S. typhimurium strains was 5.0 mg/plate. Slight inhibition of the background bacterial lawn occurred in cultures at 6.666 mg/plate but no significant change was seen in the results. In a mammalian cell genotoxicity assay using CHO cells, benzyl alcohol was negative without metabolic activation and positive with metabolic activation.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入其蒸气和摄入的方式被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
吸入症状
咳嗽。眩晕。头痛。
Cough. Dizziness. Headache.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
皮肤症状
红色。
Redness.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
眼睛症状
Redness.
Redness.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
The percutaneous absorption was determined in vivo in rhesus monkeys. Absorption through occluded skin was high (56-80 %) in 24 hr. No correlation was seen between skin penetration and the octanol-water partition coefficient. Under unoccluded conditions skin penetration was reduced (32 %), because of evaporation of the compound.
High levels of benzyl alcohol (5-500 ug/10 mL plasma) were found in uremic patients on hemodialysis; benzyl alcohol was not detected in normal controls.
Rabbits given 1 g of benzyl alcohol sc eliminated 300-400 mg of hippuric acid within the following 24 hr. Within 6 hr after oral administration of 0.40 g benzyl alcohol/kg bw, rabbits eliminated 65.7% of dose as hippuric acid in the urine.
In humans and animals, benzyl alcohol was readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Percutaneous absorption was high following topical use. Rhesus monkeys absorbed 56-80% of a topical dose administered under occlusive conditions in 24 hours; absorption was less under unoccluded conditions due to evaporation. Benzyl alcohol rapidly disappeared from the injection site following intramuscular administration in rats; the disappearance half-life was estimated to be less than 10 minutes. ...
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Properties and Reactions of Substituted 1,2-Thiazetidine 1,1-Dioxides: Chiral Mono- and Bicyclic 1,2-Thiazetidine 1,1-Dioxides fromα-Amino Acids
作者:Alexandra Meinzer、Andrea Breckel、Bassam Abu Thaher、Nico Manicone、Hans-Hartwig Otto
DOI:10.1002/hlca.200490021
日期:2004.1
New chiral mono- and bicyclic β-sultams, valuable building blocks for drug synthesis, have been prepared from L-Ala, L-Val, L-Leu, L-Ile, L-Phe, L-Cys, L-Ser, L-Thr, and D-penicillamine by transformation of the COOH group into a methylsulfonyl chloride function, followed by cyclization under basic conditions. Selected properties, derivatives, and reactions of the β-sultams are described.
[EN] BENZAMIDE OR BENZAMINE COMPOUNDS USEFUL AS ANTICANCER AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HUMAN CANCERS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS BENZAMIDE OU BENZAMINE À UTILISER EN TANT QU'ANTICANCÉREUX POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE CANCERS HUMAINS
申请人:UNIV TEXAS
公开号:WO2017007634A1
公开(公告)日:2017-01-12
The described invention provides small molecule anti-cancer compounds for treating tumors that respond to cholesterol biosynthesis inhibition. The compounds selectively inhibit the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in tumor-derived cancer cells, but do not affect normally dividing cells.
The synthesis of activated carbonates, based on a new carbonochloridate derived from N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximide, is reported. These activated carbonic esters are excellent reagents for the introduction of all currently used urethane protecting groups.
The synthesis of 1-chloroalkyl carbonates and their reaction with various type of amines are described. This reaction is useful for the synthesis of carbamate pesticides and for the protection of various amino groups, including amino acids.
[EN] TARGETED DELIVERY AND PRODRUG DESIGNS FOR PLATINUM-ACRIDINE ANTI-CANCER COMPOUNDS AND METHODS THEREOF<br/>[FR] ADMINISTRATION CIBLÉE ET CONCEPTIONS DE PROMÉDICAMENTS POUR COMPOSÉS ANTICANCÉREUX À BASE DE PLATINE ET D'ACRIDINE ET MÉTHODES ASSOCIÉES
申请人:WAKE FOREST SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
公开号:WO2013033430A1
公开(公告)日:2013-03-07
Acridine containing cispiaiin compounds have been disclosed that show greater efficacy against cancer than other cisplatin compounds. Methods of delivery of those more effective eisp!aiin compounds to the nucleus in cancer ceils is disclosed using one or more amino acids, one or more sugars, one or more polymeric ethers, C i^aikylene-phenyl-NH-C(0)-R.15, folic acid, av03 iniegriii RGD binding peptide, tamoxifen, endoxifen, epidermal growth factor receptor, antibody conjugates, kinase inhibitors, diazoles, triazol.es, oxazoies, erlotinib, and/or mixtures thereof; wherein R]§ is a peptide.