环氧化物
环氧化物是一类在碳链上含有一个环氧基团（即C-O-C三元环）的化合物。它们通常表示为R1-R2-OC-O-R3，其中R1、R2和R3可以是相同或不同的取代基。环氧化物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工及生物医药领域中有着重要的应用。
环氧基团环氧基团的结构式为O=C-O-C=O，它具有高度反应性，能够参与多种类型的反应，例如加成反应、开环反应等。由于其特殊的化学性质，环氧化物可以被用作有机合成中的重要中间体，也可以作为聚合物化学中制备交联剂的基础。
应用领域- 医药与生物科学：一些天然存在的环氧化合物如环氧树脂（epoxides）具有抗癌、抗炎等活性。通过结构改造和修饰可以开发出新型的药物分子。
- 材料科学：环氧化合物在聚合物化学中非常重要，常被用作合成热固性树脂的重要成分，这些树脂广泛用于涂料、粘合剂等领域。
- 精细化工：环氧化物是许多精细化学品制备的关键中间体。通过与各种化合物进行开环或加成反应可合成多种有价值的化学品。
环氧化物的合成方法多样，包括但不限于：
- 氧化还原反应
- 亲核加成反应（如使用过氧化氢）
- 光化学反应
这些方法可根据具体需求选择最合适的合成路径。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2-(dec-9-yn-1-yl)oxirane | 136131-25-4 | C12H20O |
| —— | 2,2'-Bioxirane, 2,2'-dimethyl-, (R*,S*)- | 65461-14-5 | C6H10O2 |
| —— | Oxirane, 2,3-difluoro-2-(pentafluoroethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-, trans- | 71917-15-2 | C5F10O |
| —— | (Z)-methyl 2-methyl-3-phenyl-2-oxiranecarboxylate | 40956-32-9 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 2-deuterio-2-ethenyl-3-ethyloxirane | 73159-79-2 | C6H10O |
| —— | 3-Methyl-2,2-bis-(1-methyl-allyl)-oxirane | 58325-52-3 | C11H18O |
| —— | (3RS,6R)-6-bromo-2-methyl-2-heptene oxide | 383417-04-7 | C8H15BrO |
| —— | (2S,3S)-2-carboxylic acid-3-(dibenzylcarbomoyl)oxirane | 192763-74-9 | C18H17NO4 |
| —— | rel-(2R,3S,5R,6S)-2,3,5,6-tetrakis(chloromethyl)-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane | 75814-03-8 | C10H14Cl4O |
| —— | trans-8,9-epoxyheptadecane | 85267-94-3 | C17H34O |
| —— | 4-Methyl-4-nonyl-1-oxa-spiro[2.3]hexane | 84657-84-1 | C15H28O |
| —— | 2aβ,3,4,6,7,8,8aα,8bα-octahydro-7,7-dimethyl-2H-naphtho<1,8-bc>furan | 84132-67-2 | C13H20O |
| —— | 3,3-Dimethyl-2-phenyloxirane-2-carboxylic acid | 76527-37-2 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | Ethyl (2R,3R)-3-methyl-2-oxiranecarboxylate | 19780-35-9 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | 2-[2-(1-Propylsulfanyl-ethoxy)-ethoxymethyl]-oxirane | 106701-93-3 | C10H20O3S |
| —— | 4-methylidene-2-propyl-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octane | 134179-90-1 | C11H18O |
| —— | (-)-(3Z,9Z,6S,7R)-6,7-epoxy-3,9-octadecadiene | 105228-34-0 | C18H32O |
| —— | [(2S,3S)-3-(2-Isopropenyl-3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-oxiranyl]-methanol | 158391-36-7 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 3-perfluoroheptyl-1,2-epoxypropane | 20084-49-5 | C10H5F15O |
| —— | cis-4,4-Dimethyl-1,6-dioxadispiro<2.1.2.3>decan | 56858-18-5 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | Acetic acid (Z)-6-((R)-3,3-dimethyl-oxiranyl)-4-trimethylsilanylmethyl-hex-3-enyl ester | 172958-86-0 | C16H30O3Si |
| —— | 4,5-Dimethyl-5-hydroperoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran | 113380-01-1 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | (2R,3R)-2-iodomethyl-3-nonyloxirane | 706820-66-8 | C12H23IO |
| —— | (-)-4-methylene-1-oxaspiro<2.13>hexadecane | 107132-40-1 | C16H28O |
| —— | ethyl 3,3-diethyloxetane-2-carboxylate | 127565-57-5 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | (2R,3S)-3-propenyloxirane-2-carboxylic acid benzyl amide | 670254-27-0 | C13H15NO2 |
| —— | (-)-(1S,4aS,8aS)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydro-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-oxonaphthalene-1-methanol-2-[(1R,2R)-cycloheptanediol acetal] | 680618-55-7 | C21H36O3 |
| —— | (2R,3S)-3-[(3E)-6-[(2R)-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxiranyl]-4-methyl-3-hexen-1-yl]-3-methyl-2-oxiranecarboxylic acid methyl ester | 1198297-86-7 | C16H26O4 |
| —— | trans-2,3-Dichlor-2-methyloxiran | 55949-58-1 | C3H4Cl2O |
| —— | 1-Triaethylsilyl-4,5-epoxy-4-methyl-pentan | 18035-58-0 | C12H26OSi |
| —— | 2-Carbamoyl-2-aethoxycarbonyl-1-oxa-spiro<2,5>octan | 24270-08-4 | C11H17NO4 |
| —— | (2R<sup>*</sup>,3S<sup>*</sup>,4R<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>)-2,3:4,5-diepoxyhexane | 51065-35-1 | C6H10O2 |
| —— | (1S,2R,4S,6R)-1-(3,5,7-Trioxa-tricyclo[4.1.0.0<sup>2,4</sup>]hept-1-yl)-ethanone | 111506-61-7 | C6H6O4 |
| —— | 2,3-epoxy-nonanoic acid-(2-ethyl-hexyl ester) | 101592-07-8 | C17H32O3 |
| —— | 3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-ynyl)dioxirane | 1187223-11-5 | C7H8O2 |
| —— | 7,7-Dimethyl-6-oxa-bicyclo<3.2.0>hept-2-en | 5202-71-1 | C8H12O |
| —— | 3,3-dibutyloxirane-2-carbonitrile | 1052175-94-6 | C11H19NO |
| —— | (2R,3S)-3-ethenyloxirane-2-methanol | 102419-62-5 | C5H8O2 |
| —— | 1,2-Epoxy-3-octyloxymethoxy-propan | 97030-14-3 | C12H24O3 |
| —— | (2S,3R)-2,3-Epoxy-1-iodotetradecane | 145107-71-7 | C14H27IO |
| —— | (2S,3S)-2,3-epoxyhept-5-yn-1-ol | 124562-12-5 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | (2S,3R,6R,7S)-(-)-2,3;6,7-bis-epoxy-3,7-dimethyl-8-iodo-2-octan-1-ol | 556775-98-5 | C10H17IO3 |
| —— | ((2S,3S)-3-((1R,2R)-1,2-dichloropropyl)oxiran-2-yl)methanol | 1193358-47-2 | C6H10Cl2O2 |
| —— | cis-1-O-(Hexadec-1-enyl)-sn-glycidol | 52020-32-3 | C19H36O2 |
| —— | 11-Chlormethyl-2,3:19,20-diepoxyheneicosan | 85484-97-5 | C22H41ClO2 |
| —— | (2R,3R)-3-(2-Dimethylamino-1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-3-methyl-oxirane-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 104502-52-5 | C13H25NO4 |
| —— | (2R,3R)-2-ethynyl-3-hexyloxirane | 1196663-37-2 | C10H16O |
| —— | (+/-)-1.2-Epoxy-2-hydroxymethyl-butan | 30275-83-3 | C5H10O2 |
| —— | Oxirane, 2-(2Z)-2-octenyl-3-undecyl-, (2R,3S)- | 98230-44-5 | C21H40O |
| —— | t-butyl β-methyl-β-(p-ethylphenyl)glycidate | 344251-65-6 | C16H22O3 |
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