腺嘌呤(旧称维生素B4)是一种嘌呤,在生物化学中具有多种功能。在细胞呼吸过程中,它以能量丰富的腺苷三磷酸(ATP)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)、黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)等形式发挥作用,并且在蛋白质合成过程中作为DNA和RNA的组成部分。
腺嘌呤是核酸的基本成分,参与生物体内的RNA和DNA合成。当白细胞减少时,它可以促进白细胞增生,用于防治白细胞减少症及急性粒细胞减少症。
制备一种新型合成腺嘌呤的方法包括以下步骤:
腺嘌呤用于防治由各种原因引起的白细胞减少症及急性中性粒细胞减少症。特别适用于肿瘤化疗、放疗或苯中毒等导致的白细胞减少症。
注意事项使用腺嘌呤时需注意以下几点:
腺嘌呤的不良反应包括偶见胃部不适、腹痛、腹胀、便秘、轻度腹泻、肠鸣音亢进、皮疹及口干。少见无力、头痛和发热等现象。
化学性质腺嘌呤是一种白色细粉末结晶,具有强烈的咸味。它难溶于冷水但易溶于沸水、酸和碱性溶液中;可燃且燃烧时会释放有毒氮氧化物烟雾。
生产方法通过将4,6-二氯-5-硝基嘧啶溶解在乙醇中并加热至75-78℃回流,然后加入氨水再升温回流。冷却后过滤、洗涤和干燥得到中间体(氨化物)。此中间体与甲酰胺等试剂反应形成腺嘌呤。
分类腺嘌呤被归类为有毒物品,并具有高毒性。其急性口服毒性对大鼠为227毫克/公斤,小鼠则为783毫克/公斤;属于可燃物质,在燃烧时会释放有毒氮氧化物烟雾。应储存在通风良好、低温干燥的库房中并与其他食品原料分开存放。
灭火剂适合用于灭火的介质包括干粉、泡沫、砂土、二氧化碳以及雾状水。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
6-N-羟氨基嘌呤 | N-(7(9)H-purin-6-yl)-hydroxylamine | 5667-20-9 | C5H5N5O | 151.128 |
6-N-羟氨基嘌呤 | N6-hydroxyadenine | 5667-20-9 | C5H5N5O | 151.13 |
6-甲基腺素 | N-methyladenine | 443-72-1 | C6H7N5 | 149.155 |
6-肼基嘌呤 | 6-Hydrazinopurin | 5404-86-4 | C5H6N6 | 150.143 |
2,6-二氨基嘌呤 | 2,6-diaminopurine | 1904-98-9 | C5H6N6 | 150.143 |
6-氨基-2-疏基嘌呤 | 6-aminopurine-2-thiol | 3647-48-1 | C5H5N5S | 167.194 |
6-叠氮-7H-嘌呤 | 6-azidopurine | 7086-34-2 | C5H3N7 | 161.126 |
8-溴腺嘌呤 | 8-bromoadenine | 6974-78-3 | C5H4BrN5 | 214.024 |
—— | 7-oxido-7H-purin-7-ium-6-amine | 21149-25-7 | C5H5N5O | 151.128 |
2,8-二氯-1H-腺嘌呤 | 2,8-dichloro-7(9)H-purin-6-ylamine | 2914-09-2 | C5H3Cl2N5 | 204.018 |
—— | 2-hydrazinyl-9H-purin 6-amine | 5404-92-2 | C5H7N7 | 165.157 |
2-甲基硫代-1H-嘌呤-6-胺 | 2-(methylthio)-7H-purin-6-amine | 1198-83-0 | C6H7N5S | 181.221 |
N6-异戊烯基腺嘌呤 | N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine | 2365-40-4 | C10H13N5 | 203.247 |
玉米素 | trans-zeatin | 1637-39-4 | C10H13N5O | 219.246 |
—— | 7-methoxyadenine | 155854-88-9 | C6H7N5O | 165.154 |
嘌呤 | purine | 120-73-0 | C5H4N4 | 120.114 |
—— | (E)-6-(3-phenyl-2-triazen-1-yl)adenine | 112177-85-2 | C11H9N7 | 239.239 |
6-氨基-2-氯-7,9-二氢-嘌呤-8-酮 | 6-amino-2-chloro-7,9-dihydro-purin-8-one | 118076-30-5 | C5H4ClN5O | 185.573 |
—— | N1-(p-methylphenyl)-N3-purinyltriazene | 112177-84-1 | C12H11N7 | 253.266 |
—— | 7-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-7H-purin-6-amine | 520-54-7 | C10H13N5 | 203.247 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
6-N-羟氨基嘌呤 | N-(7(9)H-purin-6-yl)-hydroxylamine | 5667-20-9 | C5H5N5O | 151.128 |
6-甲基腺素 | N-methyladenine | 443-72-1 | C6H7N5 | 149.155 |
8-氯腺嘌呤 | 8-chloroadenine | 28128-28-1 | C5H4ClN5 | 169.573 |
—— | adenine-d1 | 70879-18-4 | C5H5N5 | 136.12 |
2-羟基-6-氨基嘌呤 | isoguanine | 3373-53-3 | C5H5N5O | 151.128 |
8-羟基腺嘌呤 | 8-Hydroxyadenine | 21149-26-8 | C5H5N5O | 151.128 |
2-甲基-1H-嘌呤-6-胺 | 2-methyladenine | 1445-08-5 | C6H7N5 | 149.155 |
6-二甲基氨基嘌呤 | 6-Dimethylaminopurine | 938-55-6 | C7H9N5 | 163.182 |
N-乙基-9H-嘌呤-6-胺 | N6-Ethyladenine | 16370-43-7 | C7H9N5 | 163.182 |
8-溴腺嘌呤 | 8-bromoadenine | 6974-78-3 | C5H4BrN5 | 214.024 |
7H-嘌呤-6,7-二胺 | 7-aminoadenine | 175600-97-2 | C5H6N6 | 150.143 |
—— | N6-formyladenine | 76513-00-3 | C6H5N5O | 163.139 |
7-甲基腺嘌呤 | 7-methyladenine | 935-69-3 | C6H7N5 | 149.155 |
—— | 7-oxido-7H-purin-7-ium-6-amine | 21149-25-7 | C5H5N5O | 151.128 |
腺嘌呤N(1)-氧化物单水合物 | 1-hydroxypurin-6-amine | 700-02-7 | C5H5N5O | 151.128 |
腺嘌呤N(1)-氧化物单水合物 | 1-hydroxypurin-6-amine | 700-02-7 | C5H5N5O | 151.128 |
—— | 6-propylaminopurine | 16370-58-4 | C8H11N5 | 177.209 |
(2,8-3H2)-9H-嘌呤-6-胺 | Adenin-2,8-T | 72093-28-8 | C5H5N5 | 139.112 |
N-烯丙基-N-(9H-嘌呤-6-基)胺 | 6-(allylamino)purine | 5446-37-7 | C8H9N5 | 175.193 |
—— | 6-(hydroxyiminomethyleneamino)purine | 81375-73-7 | C6H6N6O | 178.153 |
9H-嘌呤-6,9-二胺 | N9-aminoadenine | 137062-87-4 | C5H6N6 | 150.143 |
—— | 6-n-butylaminopurine | 5451-41-2 | C9H13N5 | 191.236 |
9-甲基腺嘌呤 | 3-methyladenine | 700-00-5 | C6H7N5 | 149.155 |
—— | N6-(N,N-dimethylaminomethylidene)adenine | 28856-55-5 | C8H10N6 | 190.208 |
—— | N6-<(Cyanoamino)methylene>adenine | 76299-90-6 | C7H5N7 | 187.164 |
6-N-己基氨基嘌呤 | N6-n-hexyladenine | 14333-96-1 | C11H17N5 | 219.289 |
9-羟基嘌呤-6-胺 | 6-amino-9H-purin-9-ol | 61193-39-3 | C5H5N5O | 151.128 |
—— | 6-n-heptylaminopurine | 14814-48-3 | C12H19N5 | 233.316 |
—— | N6-n-octyladenine | 36412-32-5 | C13H21N5 | 247.343 |
—— | N6-n-decyladenine | 14671-33-1 | C15H25N5 | 275.397 |
N-十二烷基-1H-腺嘌呤 | N6-n-dodecyladenine | 88166-55-6 | C17H29N5 | 303.451 |
—— | N6-nonyladenine | —— | C14H23N5 | 261.37 |
—— | N-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)-7H-purin-6-amine | 55055-52-2 | C6H4F3N5S | 235.192 |
—— | N8,N8-dimethyl-9H-purine-6,8-diamine | 61908-19-8 | C7H10N6 | 178.197 |
—— | (2R)-1-(9H-Purin-6-ylamino)-2-propanol | —— | C8H11N5O | 193.208 |
乙酰氨基嘌呤 | N6-Acetyladenine | 6034-68-0 | C7H7N5O | 177.165 |
3-(7H-嘌呤-6-基氨基)丙酸 | N-(7(9)H-purin-6-yl)-β-alanine | 73094-99-2 | C8H9N5O2 | 207.192 |
—— | 2-[(7H-purin-6-ylamino)methylidene]propanedial | —— | C9H7N5O2 | 217.187 |
7-乙基腺嘌呤 | N7-Ethyladenine | 24309-36-2 | C7H9N5 | 163.182 |
8-(三氟甲基)-9H-嘌呤-6-胺 | 8-trifluoromethyl-7(9)H-purin-6-ylamine | 2993-05-7 | C6H4F3N5 | 203.126 |
—— | 7-methoxyadenine | 155854-88-9 | C6H7N5O | 165.154 |
6-苄氨基嘌呤 | 6-benzyladenine | 1214-39-7 | C12H11N5 | 225.253 |
6-苯胺嘌呤 | N-phenyl-9H-purin-6-amine | 1210-66-8 | C11H9N5 | 211.226 |
—— | (9H-purin-6-ylamino)methylphosphonic acid | 1319805-32-7 | C6H8N5O3P | 229.135 |
—— | 1-phenyl-N-(7H-purin-6-yl)methanimine | 709619-15-8 | C12H9N5 | 223.237 |
—— | N-[dichloro(fluoro)methyl]sulfanyl-7H-purin-6-amine | 55055-54-4 | C6H4Cl2FN5S | 268.102 |
—— | (E)-6-(3-phenyl-2-triazen-1-yl)adenine | 112177-85-2 | C11H9N7 | 239.239 |
—— | 6-(4-methylbenzylamino)purine | 75737-43-8 | C13H13N5 | 239.28 |
—— | N-(7(9)H-purin-6-yl)-propionamide | 37385-05-0 | C8H9N5O | 191.192 |
2-氯-N-(1H-嘌呤-6-基)乙酰胺 | N6-Chloracetyladenin | 10082-95-8 | C7H6ClN5O | 211.611 |
—— | N-(9H-purin-6-yl)-β-alanine ethyl ester | —— | C10H13N5O2 | 235.246 |
—— | N7-Isopropyladenine | 55146-09-3 | C8H11N5 | 177.209 |
N,9-二甲基嘌呤-6-胺 | N6,N9-dimethyladenine | 2009-52-1 | C7H9N5 | 163.182 |
—— | N7-Propyladenine | 41785-15-3 | C8H11N5 | 177.209 |
N7-(2-羟基乙基)腺嘌呤 | 7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-7H-adenine | 126595-74-2 | C7H9N5O | 179.181 |
9-乙基腺嘌呤 | 9-ethyladenine | 2715-68-6 | C7H9N5 | 163.182 |
—— | 9-hydroxymethyladenine | 95121-23-6 | C6H7N5O | 165.154 |
—— | N6-(2-methylpropionyl)adenine | 109153-46-0 | C9H11N5O | 205.219 |
9-乙炔基嘌呤-6-胺 | N9-ethynyladenine | 141299-24-3 | C7H5N5 | 159.15 |
阿德福韦酯杂质12 | 9-vinyladenine | 20245-85-6 | C7H7N5 | 161.166 |
—— | N-(7(9)H-purin-6-yl)-butyramide | 35245-87-5 | C9H11N5O | 205.219 |
—— | N-(9H-purin-6-yl)pivalamide | —— | C10H13N5O | 219.246 |
—— | 6-(3-Thienylmethylamino)-purine | 101396-93-4 | C10H9N5S | 231.28 |
—— | N1-(p-methylphenyl)-N3-purinyltriazene | 112177-84-1 | C12H11N7 | 253.266 |
—— | 7-(cyanoethyl)adenine | 96548-86-6 | C8H8N6 | 188.192 |
—— | N7-Isobutyladenine | 1152568-29-0 | C9H13N5 | 191.236 |
1H-嘌呤-6-胺,N-[(2-甲基苯基)甲基]- | 6-(2-methylbenzylamino)purine | 13268-73-0 | C13H13N5 | 239.28 |
—— | 7-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7H-adenine | 1012-96-0 | C8H11N5O | 193.208 |
8-苯基-9H-嘌呤-6-胺 | 8-phenyl-adenine | 17720-22-8 | C11H9N5 | 211.226 |
8-苄基-7H-嘌呤-6-胺 | 8-benzyl-9H-purin-6-ylamine | 30466-97-8 | C12H11N5 | 225.253 |
—— | 6N-hexanoyl adenine | 21043-28-7 | C11H15N5O | 233.273 |
—— | 7-[(2-chloroethoxy)methyl]adenine | —— | C8H10ClN5O | 227.653 |
N-(7H-嘌呤-6-基)辛酰胺 | N6-octanoyladenine | 52854-12-3 | C13H19N5O | 261.327 |
—— | (7(9)H-purin-6-yl)-[2]pyridylmethyl-amine | 16370-59-5 | C11H10N6 | 226.241 |
—— | 6-(2-thiophen-2-ylmethyl)aminopurine | 525-81-5 | C10H9N5S | 231.281 |
—— | 8-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl-7(9)H-purin-6-ylamine | 51015-50-0 | C8H9N5O2 | 207.192 |
6-糠氨基嘌呤 | 6-furfurylaminopurine | 525-79-1 | C10H9N5O | 215.214 |
—— | rac-phorioadenine A | —— | C10H13N5O | 219.246 |
—— | 9-(methoxymethyl)adenine | 119139-02-5 | C7H9N5O | 179.181 |
—— | N-9-propargyladenine | 148238-36-2 | C8H7N5 | 173.177 |
—— | 9-isopropyladenine | 31601-35-1 | C8H11N5 | 177.209 |
9-(2-丙烯基)腺嘌呤 | 9-allyl-9H-adenine | 4121-39-5 | C8H9N5 | 175.193 |
9-(2-氯-乙基)-9H-嘌呤-6-基胺 | 9-(2-chloroethyl)adenine | 19255-48-2 | C7H8ClN5 | 197.627 |
9-(2-羟乙基)腺嘌呤 | 9-(2-hydroxyethyl)adenine | 707-99-3 | C7H9N5O | 179.181 |
—— | N9-allenyladenine | —— | C8H7N5 | 173.177 |
9H-嘌呤-6-基氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | N6-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]adenine | 309947-88-4 | C10H13N5O2 | 235.246 |
9-(2-溴乙基)腺嘌呤 | 9-(2-bromoethyl)-adenine | 68217-74-3 | C7H8BrN5 | 242.078 |
—— | 6-(4-carboxybenzylamino)purine | —— | C13H11N5O2 | 269.263 |
—— | (Z)-N9-(2-chlorovinyl)adenine | —— | C7H6ClN5 | 195.611 |
9-丙基-9H-嘌呤-6-胺 | 9-propyladenine | 707-98-2 | C8H11N5 | 177.209 |
—— | 6-N-phenylcarbamyl-adenine | 26325-06-4 | C12H10N6O | 254.251 |
—— | 9-(cyanomethyl)adenine | 82222-84-2 | C7H6N6 | 174.165 |
—— | 6-[(2E)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)triaz-2-en-1-yl]-9H-purine | 1020069-32-2 | C11H8N8O2 | 284.237 |
(6-氨基-嘌呤-9-基)-乙醛 | 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)acetaldehyde | 33841-98-4 | C7H7N5O | 177.165 |
9-(2-氨基乙基)嘌呤-6-胺 | N9-(2'-aminoethyl)adenine | 40293-19-4 | C7H10N6 | 178.197 |
—— | N7-sec-Butyladenine | 1152568-27-8 | C9H13N5 | 191.236 |
替诺福韦杂质D | (E)-6-amino-9-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-9H-purine | 1446486-33-4 | C8H9N5 | 175.193 |
—— | 7-(carboxyethyl)adenine | 96572-69-9 | C8H9N5O2 | 207.192 |
9-甲基腺嘌呤-d3 | 9-Methyl-d3 Adenine | 130859-46-0 | C6H7N5 | 152.131 |
Novel bisphosphonate alkylating agent, tetraisopropyl 2-[(mesyloxy)methyl]propane-1,3-diyl}bis(oxymethylene)bisphosphonate