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N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 | 68-12-2

中文名称
N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
中文别名
二甲基甲酰胺;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;N-甲酰二甲胺;DMF;甲酸二甲基酰胺
英文名称
N,N-dimethyl-formamide
英文别名
Dimethylformamide;DMFA;dmf;N,N‐dimethylformamide;N,N-Dimethylformamide
N,N-二甲基甲酰胺化学式
CAS
68-12-2
化学式
C3H7NO
mdl
MFCD00003284
分子量
73.0947
InChiKey
ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    -61 °C (lit.)
  • 比旋光度:
    0.94 º
  • 沸点:
    153 °C (lit.)
  • 密度:
    0.944 g/mL (lit.)
  • 蒸气密度:
    2.5 (vs air)
  • 闪点:
    136 °F
  • 溶解度:
    水:混溶
  • 最大波长(λmax):
    λ: 270 nm Amax: 1.00λ: 275 nm Amax: 0.30λ: 295 nm Amax: 0.10λ: 310 nm Amax: 0.05λ: 340-400 nm Amax: 0.01
  • 暴露限值:
    NIOSH REL: TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3), IDLH 500 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 10 ppm; ACGIH TLV: TWA 10 ppm (adopted).
  • 介电常数:
    36.710000000000001
  • LogP:
    -1.010
  • 物理描述:
    N,n-dimethylformamide appears as a water-white liquid with a faint fishy odor. Flash point 136°F. Slightly less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic by inhalation or skin absorption. May irritate eyes.
  • 颜色/状态:
    Colorless to very slightly yellow liquid
  • 气味:
    Fishy odor
  • 蒸汽密度:
    2.51 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
  • 蒸汽压力:
    3.87 mm Hg at 25 °C
  • 亨利常数:
    7.39e-08 atm-m3/mole
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    1. N,N-二甲基甲酰胺是一种非质子型极性溶剂,对多种有机化合物和无机化合物具有良好的溶解能力。在无碱、酸、水存在的条件下,它表现出良好的化学稳定性。 2. 化学性质方面,在无酸、碱、水存在的情况下,即使加热到沸点也相对稳定。但在酸的作用下会分解成甲酸和二甲胺盐;而在碱的作用下,则会分解为甲酸盐和二甲胺。 3. 受紫外线照射时,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺会分解生成二甲胺与甲醛;加热至约350℃时,它会进一步分解成二甲胺和一氧化碳。此溶剂还能与盐酸形成稳定的等摩尔加合物,其熔点为40℃,沸点为110℃。同样地,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺也能与二氧化硫三氯化物(SO3)生成结晶性加合物,熔点为138℃,沸点为145℃。这些加合物在电子密度高的芳香环上能引入CHO基团,这称为Vilsmeier反应。此外,在室温下,五氧化二磷不溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;但在40℃以上形成络合物后,即使在常温也能溶解而不沉淀。与钠加热时会发生剧烈反应并释放氢气,而在0℃左右的温度下,它也能够与三乙基铝发生强烈反应,并且还能与格氏试剂(Grignard reagent)反应。此外,在与酰氯及酸酐作用后能生成二甲酰胺衍生物。 4. N,N-二甲基甲酰胺属于低毒类物质。动物实验表明,大量连续投给可导致体重减轻并影响造血功能;对眼、皮肤和黏膜有强烈刺激性,液态或蒸气被皮肤吸收还能引起肝脏损伤。吸入高浓度蒸汽会引发急性中毒症状如严重刺激、全身痉挛、疼痛性便秘及恶心呕吐等。长期接触可能导致慢性中毒表现如皮肤和黏膜刺激、恶心、呕吐、胸闷、头痛、全身不适、食欲减退、胃痛、肝肿大及肝功能异常,尿胆素原和尿胆素亦会增加。在使用过程中应确保平均蒸汽浓度不超过29.9mg/m³;59.8mg/m³的环境下即可出现中毒症状(损害中枢神经系统)。根据大鼠和小鼠经口毒性实验,LD₅₀为3000~7000mg/kg。嗅觉阈值为0.14mg/m³,TJ 36-79规定车间空气中最高容许浓度为10mg/m³。 5. 稳定性:稳定。 6. 禁配物:强氧化剂、酰基氯、氯仿、强还原剂、卤素、氯代烃、浓硫酸、发烟硝酸。 7. 聚合危害:不会发生聚合。
  • 自燃温度:
    440 °C
  • 分解:
    Temperatures >350 °C may cause decomposition to form dimethylamine and carbon dioxide, with pressure developing in closed containers.
  • 粘度:
    0.802 cP at 25 °C
  • 腐蚀性:
    Pure dimethylformamide is essentially noncorrosive to metals. However, copper, tin and their alloys should be avoided.
  • 燃烧热:
    1921 kJ/mole at 25 °C
  • 汽化热:
    47.6 kJ/mole at 25 °C
  • 表面张力:
    36.42 dyne/cm at 25 °C
  • 电离电位:
    9.12 eV
  • 聚合:
    Methylene diisocyanate polymerized violently on contact with dimethyl formamide.
  • 气味阈值:
    300 mg/cu m (odor low) 300 mg/cu m (odor high)
  • 折光率:
    Index of refraction: 1.42083 at 25 °C/D
  • 解离常数:
    pKa = -0.30 (conjugate acid)
  • 保留指数:
    756.3;752;745;747;750;753;742.1;742;736.3;746;751;746;735;738

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -1
  • 重原子数:
    5
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.666
  • 拓扑面积:
    20.3
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    1

ADMET

代谢
N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)通过微粒体细胞色素P-450代谢,主要转化为N-羟甲基-N-甲基甲酰胺(HMMF),后者进一步分解为N-甲基甲酰胺(NMF)。然而,其毒性作用的详细机制尚不清楚。我们使用离体灌流肝脏模型研究了DMF的代谢和毒性。将DMF以0、10和25 mM的浓度添加到离体灌流大鼠肝脏的循环灌流液中。在加入DMF后0、30、45、60、75和90分钟从下腔静脉收集样本。使用气相色谱(GC)分析DMF的代谢物。在灌流过程中监测DMF耗氧率的变化。监测灌流液中的酶活性(天冬氨酸转氨酶:AST,丙氨酸转氨酶:ALT,乳酸脱氢酶:LDH),以观察DMF是否引起肝毒性。随着灌流的进行,灌流液中DMF的浓度降低,但NMF的水平升高到最大1.16 mM。在DMF浓度为10 mM和25 mM时,耗氧率增加。然而,当使用已知细胞色素P-450的抑制剂SKF 525A(300 uM)预处理灌流液,然后加入DMF时,耗氧率显著受到抑制,表明细胞色素P-450系统负责将DMF转化为NMF。加入DMF后,AST、ALT和LDH的活性显著增加,呈现时间和剂量依赖性。然而,经SKF 525A预处理后,它们的释放受到抑制。
N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is metabolized by the microsomal cytochrome p-450 into mainly N-hydroxymethyl- N-methylformamide (HMMF), which further breaks down to N-methyformamide (NMF). However, the detailed mechanism of its toxicity remains unclear. We investigated the metabolism and the toxicity of DMF using the isolated perfused liver model. DMF was added to the recirculating perfusate of the isolated perfused rat liver at concentrations of 0, 10 and 25 mM. Samples were collected from the inferior vena cava at 0, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes following addition of the DMF. The metabolites of DMF were analyzed using Gas-chromatography (GC). The changes in the rate of oxygen consumption by the DMF were monitored during perfusion. The enzyme activities (aspartic aminotransferase:AST, alanine aminotransferase:ALT, and lactic dehydrogenase:LDH)) in the perfusate were monitored to see if DMF caused hepatotoxicity. As the perfusion progressed, the DMF concentration in the perfusate decreased, but the level of NMF increased to a maximum of 1.16 mM. The rate of oxygen consumption increased at DMF concentrations of 10 mM and 25 mM. However, when a known inhibitor of cytochrome P-450, SKF 525A (300 uM), was used to pretreat the perfusate prior to the addition of the DMF, the rate of oxygen consumption was significantly inhibited, indicating the cytochrome P-450 system was responsible for the conversion of DMF to NMF. On addition of the DMF, the activities of the enzymes AST, ALT and LDH were significantly increased a time and dose dependent manner. However, following pretreatment with SKF 525A, their releases were inhibited.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
两组工作人员研究了志愿者对DMF的代谢。两组都发现,大部分吸收的物质在24小时内被排出,主要尿代谢物是N-甲基甲酰胺。其浓度与暴露强度有关。
... Two groups of workers investigated metab of DMF on volunteers. ... Both found that majority of absorbed substance is eliminated within 24 hr and that main urinary metabolite is n-methyl formamide. Its concn was related to intensity of exposure.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
已知二甲基甲酰胺在人體內經過连续的N-脱甲基作用转化为甲基甲酰胺和甲酰胺,这些代谢产物主要通过尿液排出。
It is known that dimethylformamide is metabolized in man by sequential N-demethylation to methylformamide and formamide, which are largely eliminated in the urine.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
对暴露于DMF的大鼠和狗的血液和尿液样本进行了GLC分析,除了DMF外,还检测到了N-甲基甲酰胺(NMF)和甲酰胺。这些代谢物在大鼠体内比在狗体内消除得更快。最近有研究表明,DMF的主要代谢物被GLC鉴定为NMF,实际上不是NMF,而是N-羟基甲基-N-甲基甲酰胺(HMMF)。HMMF是DMF甲基C-羟基化的直接产物,在水中是一个相对稳定的卡宾酰胺。然而,它是热不稳定的,因此在GLC柱上会定量分解为NMF,可能还会分解成甲醛。认为被鉴定为NMF的代谢物实际上是HMMF的证据基于三项研究。一项研究发现,接受DMF的小鼠尿液中存在甲醛前体。这种代谢物只有在碱性水解后才会释放甲醛。在水溶液中,真正的HMMF也会在碱性水解后分解成甲醛。另一项研究通过HPLC分离了大鼠尿液中DMF的一种代谢物,并进行了质谱分析。观察到的断裂模式表明存在HMMF,尽管包括对应于分子离子的质量碎片在内的质量碎片也控制尿液样本中检测到。最近,通过对接受DMF的小鼠尿液样本进行高场质子NMF光谱分析,获得了HMMF而不是NMF是DMF主要代谢物的明确证据。HMMF存在两种旋转异构体形式,两种旋转异构体中的甲基和甲酰基质子不等效。尿液NMR光谱中对应于两种旋转异构体的甲基和甲酰基质子的共振频率是显著的信号。然而,在NMF的甲基质子的共振频率处,只观察到了微小的信号。在这项研究中,发现了二甲胺和甲胺是小鼠尿液中DMF的次要代谢物。
Blood and urine samples of rats and dogs which had been exposed to DMF were examined by GLC analysis and N-methylformamide(NMF) and formamide were detected in addition to DMF. These metabolites were eliminated faster in rats than in dogs. It has been suggested recently that the major metabolite of DMF which has been characterized an NMF by GLC is no NMF but N-hydroxymethyl-N-methylformamide (HMMF). HMMF is the immediate product of methyl C-hydroxylation of DMF and is a relatively stable carbinolamide in aqueous soln. It is, however thermally labile so that it decomposes quantitatively to NMF and presumably formaldehyde on the GLC column. The evidence that the metabolite which has been characterized as NMF is really HMMF is based on three studies. /One study/ found a formaldehyde precursor in the urine of mice which had received DMF. This metabolite liberated formaldehyde only after alkaline hydrolysis. In aqueous soln, authentic HMMF also decomposed to formaldehyde only on alkaline hydrolysis. /Another study/ isolated a urinary metabolite of DMF in rats by HPLC and subjected it to mass spectrometric analysis. The observed fragmentation pattern suggested the presence of HMMF, even though the mass fragments, including the one corresponding to the molecular ion, were also detected in control urine samples. Unequivocal evidence for the contention that HMMF and not NMF is the major metabolite of DMF was recently obtained by high-field proton NMF spectroscopy of urine samples of mice which had received DMF. HMMF exists in 2 rotameric forms and the methyl and formyl protons in the two rotamers are not equivalent. The resonance frequencies corresponding to the methyl and formyl protons of both rotamers were prominent signals in the NMR spectrum of the urine. However, at the resonance frequency of the methyl protons of NMF only a minute signal was observed. In this study dimethylamine and methylamine were found to be minor urinary metabolites of DMF in mice.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
二甲基甲酰胺可能通过摄入、吸入和皮肤接触被吸收,并在体内均匀分布。它在肝脏通过微囊酶系统进行代谢,产生N-羟甲基-N-甲基甲酰胺(DMF-OH)作为主要的尿液代谢物。
Dimethyl formamide may be absorbed following ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure, and is distributed evenly throughout the body. Metabolism takes place in the liver via microsomal enzyme systems, producing N-hydroxymethyl- N-methylformamide (DMF-OH) as the main urinary metabolite.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
二甲亚砜 ... 是一种在全球范围内大量生产的有机溶剂。它被化学工业用作溶剂、中间体和添加剂。二甲亚砜是一种无色液体,有轻微的不愉快气味,... 其警示性质较差,人们可能通过吸入蒸汽而暴露。职业暴露是通过皮肤接触二甲亚砜液体和蒸汽发生的。... 吸入和通过皮肤接触可能导致二甲亚砜的有毒量被吸收。吸收的二甲亚砜分布均匀。二甲亚砜的/代谢/主要在肝脏进行,借助微粒体酶系统。在动物和人类中,二甲亚砜生物转化的主要产物是N-羟甲基-N-甲基甲酰胺。这个代谢物在气相色谱分析过程中被转化为N-甲基甲酰胺,它本身(与N-羟甲基甲酰胺和甲酰胺一起)是一个小代谢物。... 在代谢研究和生物监测中,尿液中浓度以N-羟甲基甲酰胺表示。... 尿液中/代谢物/的测定可能是二甲亚砜总暴露的生物指示剂。在实验动物中,已经证明在高水平下二甲亚砜的代谢是饱和的,在非常高的水平下,二甲亚砜会抑制其自身的代谢。二甲亚砜与乙醇之间存在代谢相互作用。... 二甲亚砜对环境的影响尚未得到很好的研究。对水生生物的毒性似乎较低 ... 二甲亚砜在各种物种中的急性毒性是低的 ... 。它是一种轻微到中度的皮肤和眼睛刺激物。一项对豚鼠的研究表明没有致敏潜力。二甲亚砜可以促进其他化学物质通过皮肤的吸收。实验动物通过所有暴露途径接触二甲亚砜可能会导致剂量相关的肝脏损伤。... 在一些研究中,已经注意到心肌和肾脏的毒性迹象。在一系列短期遗传和相关效应的体外和体内测试中,二甲亚砜被发现是不活跃的。尚未有关于实验动物的足够长期致癌性研究报告。... 直接接触二甲亚砜后,人类报告了皮肤刺激和结膜炎。在意外接触高水平/此化合物/后,48小时内可能会出现腹痛、恶心、呕吐、头晕和疲劳。肝功能可能会受到干扰,并且已经报告了血压变化、心动过速和心电图异常。... 长期反复暴露后,症状包括头痛、食欲丧失和疲劳。可能观察到肝功能异常的生物化学迹象。即使浓度低于30毫克/立方米,接触二甲亚砜也可能导致酒精不耐症。症状可能包括突然的面部潮红、胸部紧绷,有时伴有恶心和呼吸困难。... 有限证据表明二甲亚砜对人类具有致癌性。一项研究报告了睾丸肿瘤的增加,而另一项研究显示口腔和咽部肿瘤的发生率增加,但睾丸没有。在两项细节有限的研究中,报告了接触二甲亚砜的妇女流产频率增加。
Dimethylformamide ... is an organic solvent produced in large quantities through-out the world. It is used in the chemical industry as a solvent, an intermediate & an additive. Dimethylformamide is a colorless liquid with an unpleasant slight odor that ... has poor warning properties & individuals may be exposed through the inhalation of vapor. Occupational exposure occurs via skin contact with dimethylformamide liquid & vapors. ... Toxic amounts of dimethylformamide may be absorbed by inhalation & through the skin. Absorbed dimethylformamide is distributed uniformily. The /metabolism/ of dimethylformamide takes place mainly in the liver, with the aid of microsomal enzyme systems. In animals & humans, the main product of dimethylformamide biotransformation is N-hydroxymethyl-N-methylformamide. This metabolite is converted during gas chromatographic analysis to N-methylformamide, which itself (together with N-hydroxymethylformamide & formamide) a minor metabolite. ... In metabolic studies & biological monitoring, urinary concentration are expressed as N-hydroxymethylformamide. ... The determination of the /metabolites/ ... in the urine may be a suitable biological indicator of total dimethylformamide exposure. In experimental animals, it has been demonstrated that dimethylformamide metabolism is saturated at high levels &, at very high levels, dimethylformamide inhibits its own metabolism. Metabolic interaction occurs between dimethylformamide & ethanol. ... The effects of dimethylformamide on the environment have not been well studied. The toxicity for aquatic organisms appears to be low ... The acute toxicity of dimethylformamide in a variety of species is low ... . It is a slight to moderate skin & eye irritant. One study on guinea pigs indicated no sensitization potential. Dimethylformamide can facilitate the absorption of other chemical substances through the skin. Exposure of experimental animals to dimethylformamide via all routes of exposure may cause dose related liver injury. ... In some studies, signs of toxicity in the myocardium & kidneys have been /noted/. Dimethylformamide was ... found to be inactive, both in vitro & in vivo, in an extensive set of short term tests for genetic & related effects. No adequate long term carcinogenicity studies on experimental animals have been reported. ... Skin irritation & conjunctivitis have been reported after direct contact with dimethylformamide in /humans/. After accidental exposure to high levels of /this cmpd/, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness & fatigue occur within 48 hr. Liver function may be disturbed, & blood pressure changes, tachycardia & ECG abnormalities have been reported. ... Following long-term repeated exposure, symptoms include headache, loss of appetite & fatigue. Biochemical signs of liver dysfunction may be observed. Exposure to dimethylformamide, even at concn below 30 mg/cu m may cause alcohol intolerance. Symptoms may include a sudden facial flush, tightness of the chest, & dizziness sometimes accompanied by nausea & dypsnea. ... There is limited evidence that dimethylformamide is carcinogenic for human beings. An incr in testicular tumors was reported in one study, whereas another study showed incr incidence of tumors of the buccal cavity & pharynx, but not the testes. In two studies with limited details, an incr frequency of miscarriages was reported in women exposed to dimethylformamide among other chemicals.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
二甲酰胺的作用机制尚未完全阐明,但已证实硫代氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂可以抑制乙醛脱氢酶。(A2459)
While the mechanism of action of dimethyl formamide has not bee fully elucidated, thiocarbamate pesticides have been shown to inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenases. (A2459)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
评估:对于二甲基甲酰胺在人类中的致癌性,目前缺乏足够的证据。有证据表明,在实验动物中二甲基甲酰胺可能不具有致癌性。总体评估:二甲基甲酰胺在人类中的致癌性无法分类(第3组)。
Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of dimethylformamide. There is evidence suggesting the lack of carcinogenicity of dimethylformamide in experimental animals. Overall evaluation: Dimethylformamide is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans (Group 3).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
A4:不能归类为人类致癌物。
A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:N,N-Dimethylformamide
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
吸收、分配和排泄
溶剂可以通过完整的皮肤渗透,也可以通过肺部吸收。
The solvent can pass through the intact skin or can be absorbed through the lungs.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
二甲基甲酰胺在暴露于21 ppm蒸汽4小时的受试者血液中达到了平均2.8微克/升的水平,在暴露后4小时检测不到;其代谢物甲基甲酰胺在血液中的平均浓度在1到2毫克/升之间,并且这种水平在暴露后至少维持4小时。在暴露于87 ppm蒸汽4小时后,0小时和3小时分别观察到二甲基甲酰胺和甲基甲酰胺的最大血液水平约为14和8微克/升。每天重复暴露于21 ppm的二甲基甲酰胺并没有导致血液中该化学物质或其代谢物的积累。/二甲基甲酰胺和甲基甲酰胺/
Dimethylformamide reached an average level of 2.8 ug/L in the blood of subjects exposed to 21 ppm of the vapor for 4 hr, and was undetectable at 4 hr after the exposure; the metabolite, methylformamide, averaged between 1 and 2 mg/L in the blood and this level was maintained for at least 4 hr after exposure. Maximal blood levels of about 14 and 8 ug/L were observed for dimethylformamide and methylformamide, respectively, at 0 and 3 hr, after a 4 hr exposure to 87 ppm of the vapor. Repeated daily exposures to 21 ppm of dimethylformamide did not result in accumulation of the chemical or its metabolite in blood. /Dimethylformamide and methylformamide/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
八名健康男性受试者连续五天每天暴露于8.79 ± 0.33 ppm的二甲亚砜(DMF)蒸汽中,每天6小时。从第一次暴露开始到最后一次暴露结束后24小时内,收集了受试者排出的所有尿液,并分析每个样本中的甲基甲酰胺。甲基甲酰胺迅速通过尿液从体内排出,尿液值在每个暴露期结束后的几小时内达到峰值。7小时(暴露结束)样本的平均值为4.74 mg/mL。
Eight healthy male subjects were exposed to dimethylformamide (DMF) vapor at a concn of 8.79 + or - 0.33 ppm for 6 hr daily for 5 consecutive days. All urine voided by the subjects was collected from the beginning of the first exposure to 24 hr past the end of the last exposure and each sample was analyzed for monomethylformamide. Monomethylformamide was rapidly eliminated from the body with urine values peaking within a few hours following the end of each exposure period. The mean for the 7 hr (end of exposure) sample was 4.74 mg/mL.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
尿液中回收的N-甲基甲酰胺只代表吸入的二甲基甲酰胺剂量的2-6%。吸收的大部分DMF以未改变的形态通过呼出气体排出。尿液中N-甲基甲酰胺的浓度可能是衡量工人接触二甲基甲酰胺的最佳指标。
The amount of N-methylformamide recovered in the urine represents only 2-6% of the dose of dimethylformamide inhaled. A substantial portion of an absorbed dose of DMF is excreted unchanged in the expired breath. The urinary concn of N-methylformamide is probably the best index of worker exponent dimethylformamide.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 职业暴露等级:
    A
  • 职业暴露限值:
    TWA: 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) [skin]
  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    3
  • 立即威胁生命和健康浓度:
    500 ppm
  • 危险品标志:
    T
  • 安全说明:
    S45,S53
  • 危险类别码:
    R20/21,R36,R61
  • WGK Germany:
    1
  • 海关编码:
    2924191000
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 2265 3/PG 3
  • 危险类别:
    3
  • RTECS号:
    LQ2100000
  • 包装等级:
    III
  • 危险标志:
    GHS02,GHS07,GHS08
  • 危险性描述:
    H226,H312 + H332,H319,H360D
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P201,P210,P261,P280,P308 + P313,P370 + P378
  • 储存条件:
    储存注意事项 应将物品储存在阴凉、通风的库房中,库温不宜超过37℃。远离火种、热源,并保持容器密封。与氧化剂、还原剂、卤素等分开存放,切忌混储。使用防爆型照明和通风设施,并禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。储存区应配备泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。

SDS

SDS:0243611f220d182a2dad7e7ec479c571
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国标编号: 33627
CAS: 68-12-2
中文名称: N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
英文名称: N,N-dimethylformamide;DMF
别 名: 甲酰二甲胺
分子式: C 3 H 7 NO;(CH 3 ) 2 NCH(O)
分子量: 73.10
熔 点: -61℃ 沸点:152.8℃
密 度: 相对密度(水=1)0.94;
蒸汽压: 58℃
溶解性: 与水混溶,可混溶于多数有机溶剂
稳定性: 稳定
外观与性状: 无色液体,有微弱的特殊臭味
危险标记: 7(易燃液体)
用 途: 主要用作工业溶剂,医药工业上用于生产维生素、激素,也用于制造杀虫脒

2.对环境的影响:
一、健康危害
侵入途径:吸入、食入、经皮吸收。
健康危害:急性中毒:主要有眼和上呼吸道刺激症状、头痛、焦虑、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、便秘等。肝损害一般在中毒数日后出现,肝脏肿大,肝区痛,可出现黄疸。经皮肤吸收中毒者,皮肤出现水泡、水肿、粘糙,局部麻木、瘙痒、灼痛。
慢性影响:有皮肤、粘膜刺激,神经衰弱综合征,血压偏低。尚有恶心、呕吐、胸闷、食欲不振、胃痛、便秘及肝功能变化。
二、毒理学资料及环境行为

毒性:低毒类。
急性毒性:LD 50 400mg/kg(大鼠经口);4720mg/kg(兔经皮);LC 50 9400mg/m 3 ,2小时(小鼠吸入);人吸入30~60ppm,消化道症状,肝功可异常,有黄疸,尿胆原增加,蛋白尿;人吸入10~20ppm(有时30ppm),头痛,食欲不振,恶心,肝功和心电图正常。
亚急性和慢性毒性:大鼠吸入2500mg/m 3 ,6小时/天,5天,80%死亡,肝肺有病变;人吸入5.1~49mg/m 3 ×3年,神衰症候群,血压偏低,肝功能变化。
危险特性:易燃,遇高热、明火或与氧化剂接触,有引起燃烧爆炸的危险。能与浓硫酸、发烟硝酸猛烈反应,甚至发生爆炸。与卤化物(如四氯化碳)能发生剧烈反应。
燃烧(分解)产物:一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧化氮。

3.现场应急监测方法:


气体检测管法
气体速测管(德国德尔格公司产品)

4.实验室监测方法:


气相色谱法《作业环境空气中有毒物质检测方法》陈安之主编
色谱/质谱法《水和有害废物的监测分析方法》周文敏等编译

5.环境标准:

中国(TJ36-70) 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 10mg/m 3 [皮]
前苏联(1975) 居民区大气中有害物最大允许浓度 0.03mg/m 3 (最大值、昼夜均值)
前苏联(1975) 水体中有害物质最高允许浓度 10mg/L
嗅觉阈浓度 0.14mg/m 3

6.应急处理处置方法:
一、泄漏应急处理
迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区,并进行隔离,严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器,穿消防防护服。尽可能切断泄漏源。防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏:用砂土或其它不燃材料吸附或吸收。也可以用大量水冲洗,洗水稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏:构筑围堤或挖坑收容;用泡沫覆盖,降低蒸气灾害。用防爆泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内,回收或运至废物处理场所处置。
废弃物处置方法:用焚烧法。废料溶于易燃溶剂后,再焚烧。焚烧炉排出的气体要通过碱洗涤器除去有害成分,从纤维沉降槽和聚氯乙烯反应器的洁净溶剂中回收N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
二、防护措施
呼吸系统防护:空气中浓度超标时,佩戴过滤式防毒面具(半面罩)。
眼睛防护:戴化学安全防护眼镜。
身体防护:穿化学防护服。
手防护:戴橡胶手套。
其它:工作现场严禁吸烟。工作毕,淋浴更衣。
三、急救措施
皮肤接触:脱去被污染的衣着,用大量流动清水冲洗,至少15分钟。就医。
眼睛接触:立即提起眼睑,用大量流动清水或生理盐水彻底冲洗至少15分钟。就医。
吸入:迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难,给输氧。如呼吸停止,立即进行人工呼吸。就医。
食入:饮足量温水,催吐,就医。
灭火方法:灭火剂:雾状水、抗溶性泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳、砂土。尽可能将容器从火场移至空旷处。喷水保持火场容器冷却,直至灭火结束。

制备方法与用途

根据提供的信息,二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)是一种重要的有机溶剂和化工原料。下面总结了其主要用途、生产方法以及安全注意事项:

主要用途
  1. 合成工业:在多种有机合成反应中作为溶剂或催化剂使用。
  2. 农药与医药行业:用于生产多种农药品种及药物。
  3. 塑料加工与纤维制造:用作聚合物的溶解剂和纤维生产的湿纺丝溶剂。
  4. 精细化工:如肽类化合物合成、光学分析等领域。
  5. 分离技术:在石油化学工业中作为气体吸收剂,用于芳烃萃取等过程。
生产方法
  1. 甲酸甲酯-二甲胺法:通过甲酸与甲醇反应生成甲酸甲酯,再与二甲胺进行气相反应制备DMF。
  2. 二甲胺-一氧化碳法:在甲醇钠的催化作用下直接以二甲胺和一氧化碳为原料合成DMF。
  3. 羰基合成法:首先由CO和甲醇通过羰基合成生成甲酸甲酯,然后与二甲胺反应制备DMF。
  4. 三氯乙醛法:采用三氯乙醛与二甲胺进行反应。
安全注意事项
  1. 毒性:属有毒物质,长期接触可引起中毒症状;急性摄入可能造成严重伤害甚至死亡。
  2. 易燃性:遇火源或高温下燃烧,并产生有毒氮氧化物烟雾。
  3. 储存与运输:应避免阳光直射、保持良好通风环境,远离明火及强氧化剂存放。

综上所述,二甲基甲酰胺是一种多功能的化学物质,在化工生产中具有广泛应用。然而,因其毒性及易燃性特点,在实际操作过程中需要严格遵守相关安全规范以确保人员健康与安全生产。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    N,N-二甲基甲酰胺氦气 、 fluorine 作用下, 生成 1,1,2,2-四(三氟甲基)肼
    参考文献:
    名称:
    The Action of Elementary Fluorine upon Organic Compounds. XXII. The Fluorination of Some Amides, Nitriles and of Methyl Thiocyanate1
    摘要:
    DOI:
    10.1021/ja01523a031
  • 作为产物:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    PYRAZINE DERIVATIVE AND APPLICATION THEREOF IN INHIBITING SHP2
    摘要:
    本发明涉及吡嗪衍生物,其在抑制SHP2中的应用,以及具有化学式(I)的化合物或其药用可接受的盐、酯、异构体、溶剂合物、前药或同位素标记。化合物的化学式(I)结构如下。本发明提供的新型吡嗪衍生物具有出色的抑制SHP2活性,并可用于预防和/或治疗非受体蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶介导或依赖的疾病或紊乱。
    公开号:
    EP3936502A1
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    5-溴吲哚-3-乙酸 在 indium(III) chloride 、 草酰氯dimethyl sulfide boranecaesium carbonateN,N-二甲基甲酰胺 作用下, 以 四氢呋喃二氯甲烷甲苯 为溶剂, 反应 28.5h, 生成 9-bromo-5,6,7,12-tetrahydropyrido[3',2':2,3]azepino[4,5-b]indole
    参考文献:
    名称:
    1-azakenpaullone 的高效合成,一种用于细胞再生的糖原合成酶激酶-3β 的选择性抑制剂
    摘要:
    1-Azakenpaullone 是一种糖原合成酶激酶 3β 的选择性抑制剂,通过执行两步方案合成,该方案以三氯化铟介导的分子内环化和温和的反应条件为特色。简洁的合成表明合成效率显着提高并减少了废物的排放。我们期望本研究能够促进1-azakenpaullone及其类似物在细胞再生和再生医学中的应用。
    DOI:
    10.1039/d4nj00434e
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文献信息

  • Cyclopropyl derivative lipoxygenase inhibitors
    申请人:Abbott Laboratories
    公开号:US05037853A1
    公开(公告)日:1991-08-06
    Certain carbocyclic aryl- and heterocyclic aryl-substituted cyclopropyl N-hydroxyureas, N-hydoroxycarboxamides, and N-acyl-N-hydroxyamides inhibit 5- and/or 12-lipoxygenase and are useful in the treatment of inflammatory disease states.
    某些含环丙基N-羟基脲、N-羟基羧酰胺和N-酰基-N-羟基酰胺的碳环芳基和杂环芳基取代物抑制5-和/或12-脂氧合酶,在治疗炎症性疾病状态中具有用处。
  • BENZOTHIOPHENE INHIBITORS OF RHO KINASE
    申请人:Kahraman Mehmet
    公开号:US20080021026A1
    公开(公告)日:2008-01-24
    The present invention relates to compounds and methods which may be useful as inhibitors of Rho kinase for the treatment or prevention of disease.
    本发明涉及化合物和方法,这些化合物和方法可能作为Rho激酶的抑制剂在治疗或预防疾病方面有用。
  • Fmoc-Based Synthesis of Peptide Thioesters for Native Chemical Ligation Employing a <i>tert</i>-Butyl Thiol Linker
    作者:Richard Raz、Jörg Rademann
    DOI:10.1021/ol1029723
    日期:2011.4.1
    toward secondary amines in basic milieu, in contrast to other alkyl and aryl thioesters. Exploiting this enhanced stability, peptide thioesters were synthesized in a direct manner, applying a tert-butyl thiol linker for Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis.
    与其他烷基和芳基硫代酯相比,叔丁基硫代酯在碱性环境中对仲胺表现出惊人的稳定性。利用这种增强的稳定性,以叔方式直接合成肽硫酯,将叔丁基硫醇接头用于基于Fmoc的固相肽合成。
  • Compositions for Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis and Other Chronic Diseases
    申请人:Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
    公开号:US20150231142A1
    公开(公告)日:2015-08-20
    The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel activity in combination with at least one ABC Transporter modulator compound of Formula A, Formula B, Formula C, or Formula D. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations thereof, and to methods of using such compositions in the treatment of CFTR mediated diseases, particularly cystic fibrosis using the pharmaceutical combination compositions.
    本发明涉及含有上皮钠通道活性抑制剂与至少一种ABC转运蛋白调节剂化合物(A式、B式、C式或D式)的药物组合物。该发明还涉及这些药物配方,以及使用这些组合物治疗CFTR介导的疾病,特别是囊性纤维化的方法。
  • [EN] COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF AMYLOID-ASSOCIATED DISEASES<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE MALADIES ASSOCIÉES À LA SUBSTANCE AMYLOÏDE
    申请人:REMYND NV
    公开号:WO2016083490A1
    公开(公告)日:2016-06-02
    This invention provides novel compounds of formulae (I) or (II) or a stereoisomer, enantiomer, racemic, or tautomer thereof, (I) (II) wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification. The present invention also relates to the novel compounds for use as a medicine, more in particular for the prevention or treatment of amyloid-related diseases, more specifically certain neurological disorders, such as disorders collectively known as tauopathies, disorders characterized by cytotoxic α-synuclein amyloidogenesis. The present invention also relates to the use of said novel compounds for the manufacture of medicaments useful for treating such amyloid-related diseases. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions including said novel compounds and to methods for the preparation of said novel compounds.
    这项发明提供了式(I)或(II)或其立体异构体、对映异构体、消旋体或互变异构体的新化合物,其中取代基如规范中所定义。本发明还涉及用作药物的这些新化合物,更具体地用于预防或治疗与淀粉样蛋白相关的疾病,更具体地说是某些神经系统疾病,如被统称为tau病变的疾病,以及由细胞毒性α-突触核蛋白淀粉生成所特征化的疾病。本发明还涉及利用这些新化合物制备对治疗此类淀粉样蛋白相关疾病有用的药物。本发明还涉及包括这些新化合物的药物组合物以及这些新化合物的制备方法。
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
hnmr
mass
cnmr
ir
raman
  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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同类化合物

(甲基3-(二甲基氨基)-2-苯基-2H-azirene-2-羧酸乙酯) (±)-盐酸氯吡格雷 (±)-丙酰肉碱氯化物 (d(CH2)51,Tyr(Me)2,Arg8)-血管加压素 (S)-(+)-α-氨基-4-羧基-2-甲基苯乙酸 (S)-阿拉考特盐酸盐 (S)-赖诺普利-d5钠 (S)-2-氨基-5-氧代己酸,氢溴酸盐 (S)-2-[3-[(1R,2R)-2-(二丙基氨基)环己基]硫脲基]-N-异丙基-3,3-二甲基丁酰胺 (S)-1-(4-氨基氧基乙酰胺基苄基)乙二胺四乙酸 (S)-1-[N-[3-苯基-1-[(苯基甲氧基)羰基]丙基]-L-丙氨酰基]-L-脯氨酸 (R)-乙基N-甲酰基-N-(1-苯乙基)甘氨酸 (R)-丙酰肉碱-d3氯化物 (R)-4-N-Cbz-哌嗪-2-甲酸甲酯 (R)-3-氨基-2-苄基丙酸盐酸盐 (R)-1-(3-溴-2-甲基-1-氧丙基)-L-脯氨酸 (N-[(苄氧基)羰基]丙氨酰-N〜5〜-(diaminomethylidene)鸟氨酸) (6-氯-2-吲哚基甲基)乙酰氨基丙二酸二乙酯 (4R)-N-亚硝基噻唑烷-4-羧酸 (3R)-1-噻-4-氮杂螺[4.4]壬烷-3-羧酸 (3-硝基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)乙酸乙酯 (2S,3S,5S)-2-氨基-3-羟基-1,6-二苯己烷-5-N-氨基甲酰基-L-缬氨酸 (2S,3S)-3-((S)-1-((1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-基)-甲基氨基)-1-氧-3-(噻唑-4-基)丙-2-基氨基甲酰基)-环氧乙烷-2-羧酸 (2S)-2,6-二氨基-N-[4-(5-氟-1,3-苯并噻唑-2-基)-2-甲基苯基]己酰胺二盐酸盐 (2S)-2-氨基-3-甲基-N-2-吡啶基丁酰胺 (2S)-2-氨基-3,3-二甲基-N-(苯基甲基)丁酰胺, (2S,4R)-1-((S)-2-氨基-3,3-二甲基丁酰基)-4-羟基-N-(4-(4-甲基噻唑-5-基)苄基)吡咯烷-2-甲酰胺盐酸盐 (2R,3'S)苯那普利叔丁基酯d5 (2R)-2-氨基-3,3-二甲基-N-(苯甲基)丁酰胺 (2-氯丙烯基)草酰氯 (1S,3S,5S)-2-Boc-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-羧酸 (1R,4R,5S,6R)-4-氨基-2-氧杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-4,6-二羧酸 齐特巴坦 齐德巴坦钠盐 齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸,2,3-二羟基-,苯基甲基酯,(2a,3a)- 齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸,2,3-二羟基-,羧基甲基酯,(2a,3b)-(9CI) 黄酮-8-乙酸二甲氨基乙基酯 黄荧菌素 黄体生成激素释放激素 (1-5) 酰肼 黄体瑞林 麦醇溶蛋白 麦角硫因 麦芽聚糖六乙酸酯 麦根酸 麦撒奎 鹅膏氨酸 鹅膏氨酸 鸦胆子酸A甲酯 鸦胆子酸A 鸟氨酸缩合物