The effects of methyl n-alkyl ketones and n-alkylbenzenes on hepatic cytochrome P450s in vivo and in vitro were investigated. Male rats were treated with acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl n-propyl ketone, methyl n-butyl ketone, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, or n-butylbenzene. The methyl n-alkyl ketones induced the metabolic activities of hepatic microsomes toward aminopyrine, 7-ethoxycoumarin, and aniline. n-Alkylbenzenes induced aminopyrine and 7-ethoxycoumarin metabolic activities. ...Testosterone 16 beta-hydroxylation activity was induced by n-alkylbenzenes. These results indicate that the levels of multiple forms of cytochrome P450 were changed by treatment with these chemicals. P450IIE1, an acetone-inducible form, was induced by methyl n-alkyl ketones or n-alkylbenzenes. The inducibility did not depend on the length of the side chain of these chemicals. P450IIB1 and IIB2, both phenobarbital-inducible forms, were induced with methyl n-alkyl ketones and n-alkylbenzenes to an extent depending on the length of the side chain of these chemicals. Thus, the hydrophobicity of the inducer affected phenobarbital-type induction but not the induction of P450IIE1. /The authors/ further investigated the interactions of ketone and benzene derivatives with cytochrome P450 in vitro. Testosterone hydroxylation activities of hepatic microsomes were measured in the presence of methyl n-alkyl ketones and n-alkylbenzenes. Methyl n-alkyl ketones inhibited testosterone 16 beta-hydroxylation activity. n-Alkylbenzenes inhibited 2 beta-, 6 beta-, 15 alpha-, 16 alpha-, and 16 beta-hydroxylation activities. Testosterone hydroxylation activities were inhibited by these chemicals depending on the length of the side chain. n-Alkylbenzenes were stronger inhibitors than methyl n-alkyl ketones, n-Butylbenzene was the strongest inhibitor of these activities. These results indicate that hydrophobicity was important in the interaction of these chemicals with cytochrome P450, and that there is some relationship between the inducibility of cytochrome P450 and its interaction with inducers.
Regio- and stereo-selective oxidation of butylbenzene (1) has been examined in vitro by rat liver supernatant fraction(S-9). When phenylbutane (1 ) was incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 hr with S-9, asymmetric oxidation occurred regioselectively at benzylic and omega-1 positions to afford preferentially (R)- and (S)-alcohol (2, 4), respectively. This enzymatic propensity was the case for the production of 1, 3-diols. (1R, 3S)- or (1R, 3R)-Butanediols(3a, 3b) were also obtained at 87% and 27%, respectively. This oxidation was induced by phenobarbital (PB) or beta-napthoflavone(beta-NF), and significant sex-related differences in control and PB pre-treated rats have been observed. Since these oxidations were inhibited with SKF-525A and CO, it was inferred that cytochrome P-450 was responsible for the oxidation.
The effect on energetic metabolism of rat liver mitochondria (RLM) of styrene and other aliphatic benzene derivatives, i.e. toluene, ethylbenzene, alpha-methylstyrene and butylbenzene, is studied. It is shown that these compounds uncouple oxidative phosphorylation and this effect is connected with the stimulation of passive entry of protons into mitochondria.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性(未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
副作用
神经毒素 - 急性溶剂综合征
Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
[EN] CYCLIC PEROXIDE OXIDATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUND PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF<br/>[FR] OXYDATION DE PEROXYDE CYCLIQUE DE PRODUCTION DE COMPOSÉ AROMATIQUE ET SON UTILISATION
申请人:UNIV TEXAS
公开号:WO2014158209A1
公开(公告)日:2014-10-02
The present invention provides a method for converting an aromatic hydrocarbon to a phenol by providing an aromatic hydrocarbon comprising one or more aromatic C-H bonds and one or more activated C-H bonds in a solvent; adding a phthaloyl peroxide to the solvent; converting the phthaloyl peroxide to a di-radical; contacting the di-radical with the one or more aromatic C-H bonds; oxidizing selectively one of the one or more aromatic C-H bonds in preference to the one or more activated C-H bonds; adding a hydroxyl group to the one of the one or more aromatic C-H bonds to form one or more phenols; and purifying the one or more phenols.
Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Thio Ethers and Sulfones with Aryl Grignard Reagents
作者:Scott E. Denmark、Alexander J. Cresswell
DOI:10.1021/jo402246h
日期:2013.12.20
ed cross-coupling are described. Initial studies focused on discerning the structural and electronic features of the organosulfur substrate that enable the challenging oxidative addition to the C(sp3)–S bond. Through extensive optimization efforts, an Fe(acac)3-catalyzed cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl aryl thio ethers with aryl Grignardreagents was realized in which a nitrogen “directing group”
Homoleptic iron(<scp>ii</scp>) and cobalt(<scp>ii</scp>) bis(phosphoranimide) complexes for the selective hydrofunctionalization of unsaturated molecules
作者:Tao Bai、Trevor Janes、Datong Song
DOI:10.1039/c7dt02427d
日期:——
synthesized and characterized as dimeric structures by crystallographic studies. Iron complex A can catalyze the hydroboration reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Cobalt complex B outperformed its iron counterpart in hydrogenations of several typical alkenes and alkynes under mild conditions. Poisoning experiments indicate that the Co(II)/HB(pin) catalytic system could be homogeneous.
Hydrodebromination of Aromatic Bromides Catalyzed by Unsupported Nanoporous Gold: Heterolytic Cleavage of Hydrogen Molecule
作者:Yuhui Zhao、Xiujuan Feng、Sheng Zhang、Yoshinori Yamamoto、Ming Bao
DOI:10.1002/cctc.202000674
日期:2020.10.6
Unsupported nanoporous gold (AuNPore) is a highly efficient, practically applicable, and recyclable catalyst for hydrodebromination of aromatic bromides. The AuNPore‐catalyzed hydrodebromination of aromatic bromides proceeded smoothly at relatively low hydrogen pressure and temperature to achieve good to excellent yields of the corresponding non‐bromine variants. The selective hydrodebromination reaction
Process for the carboxylation of aryl halides with palladium catalysts
申请人:Intitut Català d'Investigació Química (ICIQ)
公开号:EP2311788A1
公开(公告)日:2011-04-20
A process for the carboxylation of an aryl halide to yield an aryl carboxylic acid, in which the aryl halide and CO2 are contacted in an organic solvent under inert atmosphere and in the presence of a reducing agent and an adequate catalyst system.