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异丙苯 | 98-82-8

中文名称
异丙苯
中文别名
异丙基苯;1-甲基乙基苯;枯烯;异丙基
英文名称
Isopropylbenzene
英文别名
cumene;cumol
异丙苯化学式
CAS
98-82-8
化学式
C9H12
mdl
MFCD00008881
分子量
120.194
InChiKey
RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    −96 °C(lit.)
  • 沸点:
    152-154 °C(lit.)
  • 密度:
    0.864 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
  • 蒸气密度:
    4.1 (vs air)
  • 闪点:
    115 °F
  • 溶解度:
    0.05g/l
  • 介电常数:
    2.4(20℃)
  • 暴露限值:
    Flammable liquid; flash point (closed cup) 36°C (97°F) (NFPA 1986), 39°C (102°F) (Merck 1996), 35.5°C (96°F) (Meyer 1989); vapor pressure 8 torr at 20°C (68°F); vapor density 4.1 (air=1); the vapor is heavier than air and may travel a considerable distance to a nearby ignition source and flash back; autoignition temperature 425°C (797°F); fire- extinguishing agent: dry chemical, foam, or CO2; use a water spray to keep fire- exposed containers cool and to disperse the vapors。Cumene forms explosive mixtures in the air within the range 0.9–6.5% by volume in air. Cumene may form peroxide on prolonged exposure to air. It should be tested for peroxides before it is subjected to distillation or evaporation。.
  • LogP:
    3.55 at 20℃
  • 物理描述:
    Cumene appears as a clear colorless liquid with an aromatic odor. Flash point 115°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. May be moderately toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption.
  • 颜色/状态:
    Colorless liquid
  • 气味:
    Gasoline-like odor
  • 蒸汽密度:
    4.1 (Air = 1)
  • 蒸汽压力:
    4.5 mm Hg at 25 °C
  • 亨利常数:
    Henry's Law constant = 1.15X10-2 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C
  • 大气OH速率常数:
    6.50e-12 cm3/molecule*sec
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    1. 用稀硝酸或铬酸氧化可生成苯甲酸。在乙酸酐或乙酸存在下,与发烟硝酸发生硝化反应,会生成2,4-二硝基异丙苯。与浓硫酸作用时,主要会在对位发生磺化反应。在紫外线照射下,85℃通入氧气或在90~130℃、0.1~1MPa的压力下通入氧气氧化,可以生成过氧化氢异丙苯。在硫酸或酸性离子交换树脂催化下,过氧化氢异丙苯分解为苯酚和丙酮。而在硅酸铝催化下,在400~500℃时,则会分解成苯与丙烯。 2. 稳定性:稳定 3. 禁配物:强氧化剂、酸类、卤素等 4. 聚合危害:不聚合
  • 自燃温度:
    420 °C
  • 分解:
    Hazardous decomposition products: Toxic gases and vapors (such as carbon monoxide) may be released.
  • 粘度:
    0.737 mPa.sec at 25 °C
  • 汽化热:
    45.13 kJ/mol at 25 °C
  • 表面张力:
    27.69 mN/m at 25 °C
  • 电离电位:
    8.75 eV
  • 气味阈值:
    Odor Threshold Low: 0.008 [mmHg]; Odor Threshold High: 0.13 [mmHg]; Detection odor threshold from AIHA (mean = 0.032 ppm)
  • 折光率:
    Index of refraction: 1.4915
  • 保留指数:
    914.3 ;906.9 ;910.8 ;936.1 ;907.2 ;907.9 ;910 ;913 ;909.43 ;909.62 ;910 ;923 ;909.07 ;905.1 ;906 ;910.7 ;911.3 ;909 ;911 ;909.1 ;909.82 ;912.2 ;930 ;930 ;935.1 ;942.5 ;912 ;909 ;909 ;919 ;919 ;919.2 ;919.5 ;920.1 ;920.7 ;919 ;920 ;920 ;920 ;920 ;920 ;920 ;916 ;919 ;919 ;920 ;922 ;909.3 ;909.8 ;911.3 ;921 ;915 ;929 ;920 ;926 ;932 ;909 ;920.4 ;925.6 ;931.8 ;915.5 ;922 ;927 ;930 ;932 ;929 ;932 ;935 ;937 ;940 ;910.1 ;910.1 ;910.1 ;910.1 ;910.1 ;910.1 ;916 ;912 ;915 ;932 ;920 ;908.4 ;915 ;910 ;922.1 ;915.8 ;927.7 ;911.6 ;909 ;920 ;919 ;912.8 ;956 ;912 ;908 ;910.7 ;917.8 ;926.5 ;914 ;925 ;914 ;923 ;911 ;920 ;918 ;919 ;920 ;920 ;920 ;914 ;908 ;919 ;918.9 ;908 ;926 ;912 ;920 ;920 ;925 ;926 ;916 ;906 ;905 ;925 ;938 ;961 ;906 ;913 ;915 ;921 ;905 ;910 ;903 ;917 ;919 ;916 ;929 ;929 ;925

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    3.7
  • 重原子数:
    9
  • 可旋转键数:
    1
  • 环数:
    1.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.333
  • 拓扑面积:
    0
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    0

ADMET

代谢
对二甲苯能被哺乳动物系统迅速吸收并在侧链上氧化,其中一个代谢物是对二甲苯酚葡萄糖苷酸。
Cumene is absorbed readily by the mammalian system and oxidized at the side chain, one of the metabolites being the dimethylphenylcarbinol glucuronide.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在兔子中,2毫升口服剂量的90%以.cumene的侧链氧化产物形式出现,并以葡萄糖苷酸结合物的形式排出。大约40%的剂量以2-苯基-2-丙醇的葡萄糖苷酸形式排出,25%以2-苯基-1-丙醇的葡萄糖苷酸形式排出,25%以2-苯基-丙酸酯-葡萄糖苷酸形式排出。
In rabbits, 90% of a 2 mL oral dose was accounted for as side-chain oxidation products of cumene, which were excreted as glucuronide conjugates. About 40% of the dose was excreted as the glucuronide of 2-phenyl-2-propanol, 25% as the glucuronide of 2-phenyl-1-propanol, and 25% as the ester-glucuronide of 2-phenyl-propionic acid.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在大鼠中,通过口服或吸入给予(14)C标记的异丙苯,两种途径都能迅速吸收。大约90%的放射性标记化合物在72小时内被排出,大部分以结合代谢物的形式在尿液中排出。主要的尿液代谢物是2-苯基丙-2-醇、2-苯基丙烷-1,2-二醇和2-苯基丙酸。也有少量通过粪便和呼吸排出。给药后,异丙苯及其代谢物在体内广泛分布,以脂肪中含量最高,其次是肾脏、肝脏和骨骼。
In the rat, (14)C-labeled cumene was administered either orally or by inhalation and was rapidly absorbed by either route. About 90% of the radiolabeled compound was excreted within 72 hours, mostly as conjugated metabolites in urine. The major urinary metabolites were 2-phenylpropan-2-ol, 2-phenylpropane-1,2-diol, and 2-phenylpropionic acid. Small amounts were also excreted in the feces and breath. Cumene and metabolites were widely distributed in the body after administration, with the highest amounts in fat, followed by kidney, liver, and bone.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
志愿者(五名男性和五名女性)仅头部暴露于异丙苯蒸气中,每次持续8小时。每10天,每位受试者暴露于三种不同浓度的异丙苯中,分别为240、480或720毫克/立方米。在暴露期间收集呼出的空气样本(具体收集方法文中未明确)以估计呼吸道的保留量,并收集每位受试者在暴露期间及之后的40小时内的尿液。报告称平均呼吸道保留率为50%(范围为45至64%),即使在最高浓度下也是如此,尽管没有数据支持这些值的推导。根据尿液中的2-苯基-2-丙醇量估算,异丙苯的排泄在暴露6到8小时后达到最大值,在暴露后40小时接近零。将时间与这种代谢物尿液排泄量绘制成图表,显示了一个快速早期阶段(半衰期为2小时)和一个较慢的后期阶段(半衰期为10小时)。在8小时暴露和40小时后暴露期间,大约35%的计算吸收剂量以2-苯基-2-丙醇的形式被排出。
Human volunteers (five men and five women) were exposed head-only for 8-hr periods to cumene vapors. Every 10 days, each subject was exposed to one of three different concentrations of cumene, 240, 480, or 720 mg/cu m. Samples of exhaled air were collected (method not clear from text) during exposures for estimation of respiratory tract retention, and urine was collected from each subject during exposure and for 40 hr thereafter. The mean respiratory tract retention was reported to be 50% (range, 45 to 64%), even at the highest concentration, although no data is given to support derivation of these values. Excretion of cumene, estimated from urinary amounts of 2-phenyl-2-propanol, was maximal after 6 to 8 hr of exposure and approached zero at 40 hr postexposure. The plot of time against urinary excretion of this metabolite revealed a rapid early phase (half life 2 hr) and a slower later phase (half life 10 hr). Approximately 35% of the calculated absorbed dose was excreted as 2-phenyl-2-propanol during the 8 hr of exposure and 40 hr postexposure.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
挥发性烃主要通过肺部吸收,也可能在吞咽后通过吸吮进入体内。
Volatile hydrocarbons are absorbed mainly through the lungs, and may also enter the body after ingestion via aspiration. (A600)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
鉴定:苯酚是一种水不溶性石油化工产品,用于制造多种化学品,包括苯酚和丙酮。人类接触:在人体内,苯酚主要被代谢为次要醇,2-苯基-2-丙醇。这种醇及其结合物很容易被人体排出。没有数据可以用来量化人类接触。由于没有进行长期致癌性研究,无法评估其在人类中的致癌潜力。动物/植物研究:在动物体内,苯酚主要被代谢为次要醇,2-苯基-2-丙醇。这种醇及其结合物很容易被啮齿类动物排出。在通过口服或吸入途径接触苯酚的啮齿类动物中,最显著的影响是器官重量增加,主要是肾脏重量。在大鼠或兔子的胎儿中,没有观察到不良影响,其母亲在胎儿发育期间接触了苯酚。尽管没有使用苯酚进行多代生殖研究,但快速的代谢和排泄,以及在亚慢性研究中对精子形态没有影响,这表明它对生殖毒性的潜力较低。大多数关于苯酚的遗传毒性测试数据为阴性。缺乏足够的数据,特别是测量的接触信息,无法允许对水生或陆生生物群体接触苯酚的风险进行定量评估。数值表明在鱼类中有轻微的生物浓缩潜力。关于鱼类生物积累的数据尚无。
IDENTIFICATION: Cumene is a water insoluble petrochemical used in the manufacture of several chemicals, including phenol and acetone. HUMAN EXPOSURE: In humans, cumene is metabolized primarily to the secondary alcohol. 2-phenyl-2-propranol. This alcohol and its conjugates are readily excreted by humans. No data are available with which to quantify human exposure. It is not possible to assess its potential for carcinogenicity in humans, because long term carcinogenicity studies with the chemical have not been performed. ANIMAL/PLANT STUDIES: Cumene is metabolized primarily to the secondary alcohol, 2-phenyl-2-propanol in animals. This alcohol and its conjugates are readily excreted by rodents. Increases in organ weights, primarily the kidney weughts are the most prominent effects observed in rodents readily exposed to cumene by either the oral or inhalation route. No adverse effects were observed in rat or rabbit fetuses whose mothers had been exposed to cumene during fetal development. Although no multigenerational reproductive studies have been performed using cumene, the rapid metabolism and excretion, coupled with the lack of effects on sperm morphology in a subchronic study, suggest that it has a low potential for reproductive toxicity. Most genotoxicity test data with cumene are negative. Inadequate data, especially measured exposure information, exist to allow a quantitative evaluation of the risk to populations of aquatic ot terrestrial organisms from exposure to cumene. Values indicate a slight potential for bioconcentration in fish. There are no data on the bioaccumulation in fish.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
石油馏分是中枢神经系统抑制剂,会导致肺部损伤。
Petroleum distillates are central nervous system depressants and cause pulmonary damage. (A600)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
评估:没有来自人类研究的可用数据。有足够的证据表明实验动物中.cumene(对甲酚)具有致癌性。有足够的证据表明实验动物中alpha-甲基苯乙烯具有致癌性。cumene(对甲酚)可能对人类具有致癌性(2B组)。alpha-甲基苯乙烯可能对人类具有致癌性(2B组)。
Evaluation: No data were available from studies in humans. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of cumene. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of alpha-methylstyrene. Cumene is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). alpha-Methylstyrene is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
证据权重特征:分类 - D;无法归类为人类致癌性。依据 -- 在当前风险评估指南下,对二甲苯进行分类为D,即无法归类,表明没有或不充分的人类或动物数据。在拟议的致癌风险评估指南下,由于缺乏足够的数据,例如良好进行的长期动物研究或可靠的人类流行病学研究,因此无法确定二甲苯的致癌潜力。从几个角度来看,对二甲苯的致癌潜力的担忧被认为是有限的。这种化合物的代谢途径,对于大鼠和人类来说大部分是已知的,并且不涉及任何可疑的活性物种。二甲苯已经在一组相对完整的体内和体外致突变性试验中进行了检测,包括基因突变、染色体畸变和原发性DNA损伤。只有一个试验,即微核试验,结果为轻微阳性,并且在导致一些动物死亡的剂量下。对于二甲苯的结构-活性关系趋势并不明确。然而,就代谢而言,二甲苯与甲基苯(甲苯)相似,而不是与乙基苯相似,且甲苯在为期2年的吸入研究中,在大鼠或小鼠中没有显示出致癌活性的证据/由NTP,1990年提供/。总之,没有太多理由怀疑二甲苯会构成重大的致癌风险。人类致癌性数据:不充分;无可用的数据。动物致癌性数据:不充分;无可用的数据。
WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE CHARACTERIZATION: Classification - D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. Basis -- Under the current Risk Assessment Guidelines, cumene is assigned category D, not classifiable, indicating no or inadequate human or animal data. Under the Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, it is concluded that the carcinogenic potential of cumene cannot be determined because no adequate data, such as well-conducted long-term animal studies or reliable human epidemiological studies, are available for any assessment. Concern for the carcinogenic potential of cumene is judged to be limited from several standpoints. The metabolic pathways of this compound are, for the most part, known for both rats and humans and do not involve any suspect reactive species. Cumene has been examined in a relatively complete battery of in vivo and in vitro mutagenicity tests, including gene mutation, chromosomal aberration, and primary DNA damage. Only a single test, a micronucleus assay, was mildly positive, and then at a dose that resulted in mortality in some animals. Trends in structure-activity relationships are unclear for cumene. It is, however, clear with respect to metabolism that cumene is more analogous to methyl benzene (toluene) than to ethyl benzene, and that toluene showed no evidence of carcinogenic activity in rats or mice in a 2-year inhalation study /by NTP, 1990/. In summary, there is not much suspicion that cumene would pose a significant carcinogenic hazard. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate; none are available. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate; none are available.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物:枯烯
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:Cumene
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
吸收、分配和排泄
对Fischer 344大鼠进行分组研究(每组至少4只/性别),在接触放射性标记的异丙苯(纯度>98%)后,通过以下方式进行暴露:单次静脉注射(35 mg/kg);单次口服灌胃剂量(33或1,350 mg/kg);单次6小时鼻部吸入(100、500或1,500 ppm);或连续八天口服灌胃剂量(33 mg/kg),第八天给予放射性标记的剂量。吸入研究表明异丙苯吸收迅速,暴露开始后5分钟内在血液中就能检测到异丙苯。灌胃研究表明异丙苯通过此途径容易被吸收,低剂量在最早取样时间点(4小时)达到最高血药浓度,高剂量则在8到16小时达到。从血液中消除异丙苯呈现出单一指数衰减,灌胃剂量的半衰期计算在9到16小时之间。吸入研究中异丙苯从血液中消失的模式也呈现出单一指数衰减,半衰期随着剂量的增加而增加,从100 ppm的3.9小时增加到500 ppm的4.6小时,再到1,200 ppm的6.6小时。对组织(假定暴露后立即)的分析表明,包括脂肪、肝脏和肾脏在内的几种组织的异丙苯组织/血液比率均升高,无论异丙苯的给药途径如何,这表明异丙苯在全身分布彻底,与给药途径无关。总的来说,不同途径和暴露浓度下的消除速率非常相似,尿液是任何途径任何剂量给药的主要消除途径(70%)。总体的身体清除是快速且完全的,在最高暴露制度检查后72小时,体内的吸收分数不到1%。
Groups of Fischer 344 rats (minimum 4/sex/group) were studied after being exposed to radiolabeled cumene (>98% purity) either by single intravenous dose (35 mg/kg); single oral gavage doses (33 or 1,350 mg/kg); single 6-hr nose-only inhalation (100, 500, or 1,500 ppm); or eight daily oral gavage doses (33 mg/kg), with the eighth dose being radiolabeled. The inhalation studies indicated rapid absorption, with detectable levels of cumene appearing in the blood within 5 min of the beginning of exposure. The gavage studies showed that cumene was absorbed readily via this route, with maximum blood levels occurring at the earliest time point sampled (4 hr) for the lower dose and at 8 to 16 hr for the higher dose. Elimination of cumene from the blood appeared as monoexponential with a half-life calculated between 9 to 16 hr for the gavage doses. The pattern of cumene disappearance from the blood in the inhalation studies also appeared to be monoexponential with the half-lives increasing with dose, from 3.9 hr at 100 ppm, to 4.6 hr at 500 ppm, to 6.6 hr at 1,200 ppm. Analysis of tissues (presumably immediately after exposure) indicated that several tissues, including adipose, liver, and kidney, all had elevated tissue/blood ratios of cumene, regardless of the route of cumene administration, indicating thorough distribution of cumene throughout the body independent of administration route. In general, very similar rates of elimination were observed across routes and exposure concentrations, with urine being the major route of elimination (70%) at any dose administered by any route. Total body clearance was rapid and complete, less than 1% of the absorbed fraction being present in the body 72 hr after the highest exposure regime examined, 1,200 ppm for 6 hr.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在大鼠中,通过口服或吸入方式给予(14)C标记的异丙苯,两种途径都能迅速吸收。大约90%的放射性标记化合物在72小时内被排出,主要是以结合代谢物的形式通过尿液排出。 ... 也有少量通过粪便和呼吸排出。给药后,异丙苯及其代谢物在体内广泛分布,以脂肪中含量最高,其次是肾脏、肝脏和骨骼。
In the rat, (14)C-labeled cumene was administered either orally or by inhalation and was rapidly absorbed by either route. About 90% of the radiolabeled compound was excreted within 72 hours, mostly as conjugated metabolites in urine. ... Small amounts were also excreted in the feces and breath. Cumene and metabolites were widely distributed in the body after administration, with the highest amounts in fat, followed by kidney, liver, and bone.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
人类志愿者(五男五女)仅头部暴露于三种不同浓度的异丙苯蒸气中(240、480或720毫克/立方米[49、98或147 ppm]),每10天8小时。在暴露开始不久和结束时,从呼吸区域放置的管子中收集了呼出的呼吸样本(10立方厘米)。根据保留、通风和暴露持续时间计算,在所有暴露水平上,男性吸收的异丙苯总量几乎是女性的两倍(男性为466-1400毫克,女性为270-789毫克)。呼吸道吸收率根据暴露时间不同,从45%到64%不等,总体平均保留率估计为50%。
Human volunteers (five men and five women) /were exposed/ head only to one of three different concentrations of cumene vapors (240, 480, or 720 mg/cu m ([49, 98, or 147 ppm)) for 8 hr every 10 days. Exhaled breath samples (10 cu cm) were collected near the beginning and at the end of the exposure from a tube placed in the breathing zone. The total amount of cumene absorbed during exposure, calculated from retention, ventilation, and exposure duration, was nearly twice as high at all exposure levels in the males (466-1400 mg) as in the females (270-789 mg). The respiratory tract absorption ranged from 45% to 64% depending on the time of exposure, with the overall mean retention estimated at 50%.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
90%的口服剂量对叔丁基苯从兔尿中作为代谢物回收。
90% of an oral dose of cumene /was recovered as metabolites/ from rabbit urine.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 职业暴露等级:
    A
  • 职业暴露限值:
    TWA: 50 ppm (245 mg/m3) [skin]
  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    3
  • 立即威胁生命和健康浓度:
    900 ppm [10% LEL]
  • 危险品标志:
    Xn,N
  • 安全说明:
    S24,S37,S61,S62
  • 危险类别码:
    R51/53,R10,R65,R37
  • WGK Germany:
    1
  • 海关编码:
    2902700000
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 1918 3/PG 3
  • 危险类别:
    3
  • RTECS号:
    GR8575000
  • 包装等级:
    III
  • 储存条件:
    储存注意事项: - 储存于阴凉、通风的库房。 - 远离火种、热源,库温不宜超过37℃。 - 保持容器密封,并与氧化剂分开存放,切忌混储。 - 使用防爆型照明和通风设施,禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。 - 储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。

SDS

SDS:aa1ae3566978e1f5cf9aada56df6b7fc
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第一部分:化学品名称

制备方法与用途

化学性质
异丙苯是一种无色液体,不溶于水,但能溶于乙醇、乙醚、苯和四氯化碳。

用途
异丙苯主要用于生产苯酚和丙酮,也用作提高燃料油辛烷值的添加剂、合成香料和聚合引发剂的原料。此外,它还是制造苯酚的重要中间体,并且是除草剂异丙隆的中间体。绝大部分(98%以上)的异丙苯用于生产苯酚和丙酮,一小部分则用作添加剂、合成香料以及聚合反应引发剂等。该物质也可作为色谱分析标准物质或有机合成原料及发动机燃料辛烷值的提升剂。

生产方法
异丙苯由苯与丙烯进行烷基化反应制得。通常采用三氯化铝为催化剂,氯化氢为促进剂,在常压和95℃左右温度下反应。除了生成异丙苯外,还会产生二异丙苯、三异丙苯等多烷基副产物。为了减少副反应,可适当增加苯的比例(苯与丙烯的摩尔比约为3),使三氯化铝在反应液中的含量维持在3%-8%,并在较低的丙烯浓度下进行反应。通过将反应压力提高到0.5-0.6MPa,可以提高反应器的生产能力并减少尾气中苯的损失。反应后所得烷基化液体冷却、沉淀分离出固体(三氯化铝与多异丙苯络合物)循环使用。随后,经水解、中和及精馏步骤制得异丙苯。另一种气相法工艺则是将液态苯和丙烯通过载有磷酸的氧化铝或硅酸铝催化床层进行催化烷基化反应,其压力为1.5-40MPa,温度约250℃。目前工业上主要采用上述液相法生产异丙苯。

类别
易燃液体

毒性分级
中毒

急性毒性
口服 - 大鼠 LD₅₀: 1,400 毫克/公斤;小鼠 LD₅₀: 12,750 毫克/公斤

刺激数据
皮肤 - 兔子 100 毫克/24小时 中度;眼睛 - 兔子 500 毫克/24小时 轻度

爆炸物危险特性
与空气混合可爆

可燃性危险特性
遇明火、高温或氧化剂易燃,燃烧时产生刺激烟雾

储运特性
库房需通风并保持低温干燥;应与其他氧化剂分开存放

灭火剂
干粉、二氧化碳、泡沫、1211灭火剂

职业标准
时间加权平均容许浓度(TWA): 245 毫克/立方米;短时间接触容许浓度(STEL): 370 毫克/立方米

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
    • 1
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  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    异丙苯盐酸三氯化铝 、 amalgamated zinc 、 乙醚硫酸溶剂黄146硝基苯 作用下, 生成 7-異丙-1-甲萘
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Barnett; Sanders, Journal of the Chemical Society, 1933, p. 434,436
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    4-异丙基苯甲酸 在 barytes 作用下, 生成 异丙苯
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Gerhardt; Cahours, Annales de Chimie (Cachan, France), 1841, vol. <3> 1, p. 87
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    1-丙烯基苯异丙苯 作用下, 反应 24.0h, 以23%的产率得到2-甲基-3-苯基环氧乙烷
    参考文献:
    名称:
    一种一锅法烯烃需氧环氧化制备环氧化物的方法
    摘要:
    一种一锅法烯烃需氧环氧化制备环氧化物的方法,属于有机合成技术领域。将烯烃、烷基芳烃类化合物、碱加入溶剂中,或直接将烯烃、烷基芳烃类化合物、碱三者混合,在空气或氧气氛围中,升温至70~160℃温度,反应1~48h,烯烃在烷基芳烃类化合物、碱和空气(或氧气)存在的条件下直接氧化为对应的环氧化物,收率高达99%。反应过程中,生成的烷基过氧化物原位生成、原位消耗,使其浓度保持在较低水平;而且生成的烷基过氧自由基也可以与烯烃反应,进一步生成其过氧化物,提高效率。本发明操作简单、条件温和、原料成本低、无需特殊的复杂设备,具有良好的工业应用前景。
    公开号:
    CN110590712B
点击查看最新优质反应信息

文献信息

  • 氢化反应方法
    申请人:郑州大学
    公开号:CN111099986B
    公开(公告)日:2023-02-03
    本发明涉及一种氢化反应方法,属于有机合成技术领域。本发明的氢化反应方法,包括以下步骤:氢受体化合物、频哪醇硼烷、催化剂在质子氢存在的条件下于溶剂中进行氢转移反应,使得氢受体化合物进行氢化反应;所述催化剂为钯催化剂、铱催化剂、铑催化剂中的一种或两种以上;所述氢受体化合物包含碳碳双键、碳碳三键、碳氧双键、碳氮双键、氮氮双键、硝基、碳氮三键、环氧中的一种或两种以上的官能团。本发明的方法反应条件温和,易操作,收率高,反应时间短,底物适用范围广,适应于碳碳双键、碳碳三键、碳氧双键、碳氮双键、氮氮双键、硝基、碳氮三键、环氧官能团,具有较好的选择性,反应专一性强。
  • Kinetics of C–H bond and alkene oxidation by trans-dioxoruthenium(<scp>VI</scp>) porphyrins
    作者:Clare Ho、Wa-Hung Leung、Chi-Ming Che
    DOI:10.1039/dt9910002933
    日期:——
    characterized, and the kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of the C–H bond and alkenes investigated. The complexes were selective towards tertiary C–H bonds in saturated alkanes but were almost inactive towards secondary C–H bonds. However, they were reactive towards aromatic hydrocarbons and the second-order rate constants (k2) for the oxidation of ethylbenzene and cumene by [Ru(tpp)O2](tpp = 5, 10, 15, 20-te
    A.合成并表征了一系列[Ru VI LO 2 ]配合物(H 2 L =对位取代的四苯基卟啉),并研究了C–H键和烯烃的氧化动力学和机理。该络合物对饱和烷烃中的C–H键具有选择性,但对C–H二级键几乎没有活性。但是,它们对芳烃有反应性,[Ru(tpp)O 2 ](tpp = 5,10,15,20-四苯基卟啉)氧化乙苯和枯烯的二级速率常数(k 2)为2.21。 ×10 –4和3.16×10 –4 dm 3 mol –1s –1分别。发现环己烯被[Ru(tpp)O 2 ]烯丙基氧化的动力学同位素效应(K H / K D)为11.7 。CH 2 Cl 2 -MeOH混合物中烯烃氧化的主要有机产物是环氧化物,[Ru(tpp)O 2 ]得到的单体产物为[Ru IV(tpp)O]·EtOH。或[Ru IV(tpp)(OH)2 ·] EtOH。与[Ru VI(oep)O 2 ](oep = 2,3,7,8
  • Metal-free photoinduced C(sp3)–H borylation of alkanes
    作者:Chao Shu、Adam Noble、Varinder K. Aggarwal
    DOI:10.1038/s41586-020-2831-6
    日期:2020.10.29
    precious-metal catalysts for C-H bond cleavage and, as a result, display high selectivity for borylation of aromatic C(sp2)-H bonds over aliphatic C(sp3)-H bonds4. Here we report a mechanistically distinct, metal-free borylation using hydrogen atom transfer catalysis5, in which homolytic cleavage of C(sp3)-H bonds produces alkyl radicals that are borylated by direct reaction with a diboron reagent. The reaction
    硼酸及其衍生物是化学科学中最有用的试剂之一,其应用范围涵盖药物、农用化学品和功能材料。催化 CH 硼酸化是将这些和其他硼基团引入有机分子的有效方法,因为它可用于直接官能化原料化学品的 CH 键,而无需底物预活化1-3。这些反应传统上依赖贵金属催化剂进行 CH 键断裂,因此,与脂肪族 C(sp3)-H 键相比,芳族 C(sp2)-H 键的硼化显示出高选择性。在这里,我们报告了使用氢原子转移催化的机械上独特的无金属硼化反应 5,其中 C(sp3)-H 键的均裂产生的烷基自由基通过与二硼试剂直接反应而被硼化。该反应通过基于 N-烷氧基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的氧化剂和氯氢原子转移催化剂之间的紫光光诱导电子转移进行。不同寻常的是,更强的甲基 CH 键优先于较弱的二级、三级甚至苄基 CH 键被硼化。机理研究表明,高甲基选择性是形成氯自由基 - 硼酸盐复合物的结果,该复合物选择性地切割空间不受阻碍的 CH 键。通过使用光致氢原子转移策略,
  • Ambient Hydrogenation and Deuteration of Alkenes Using a Nanostructured Ni‐Core–Shell Catalyst
    作者:Jie Gao、Rui Ma、Lu Feng、Yuefeng Liu、Ralf Jackstell、Rajenahally V. Jagadeesh、Matthias Beller
    DOI:10.1002/anie.202105492
    日期:2021.8.16
    selective hydrogenation and deuteration of a variety of alkenes is presented. Key to success for these reactions is the use of a specific nickel-graphitic shell-based core–shell-structured catalyst, which is conveniently prepared by impregnation and subsequent calcination of nickel nitrate on carbon at 450 °C under argon. Applying this nanostructured catalyst, both terminal and internal alkenes, which
    提出了各种烯烃的选择性氢化和氘化的通用方案。这些反应成功的关键是使用特定的镍-石墨壳基核壳结构催化剂,该催化剂可以通过浸渍碳上的硝酸镍并随后在氩气下于 450 °C 下煅烧来方便地制备。应用这种纳米结构催化剂,具有工业和商业重要性的末端烯烃和内部烯烃在环境条件下(室温,使用1巴氢气或1巴氘)进行选择性氢化和氘化,从而获得相应的烷烃和氘。标记烷烃的收率良好至极好。通过克级反应以及高效的催化剂回收实验证明了这种镍基加氢方案的合成效用和实用性。
  • Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Olefins Using a Nanostructured Nickel Catalyst
    作者:Mara Klarner、Sandra Bieger、Markus Drechsler、Rhett Kempe
    DOI:10.1002/zaac.202100124
    日期:2021.11.25
    pharmaceutical industry. Here, we report on a nanostructured nickel catalyst that enables the selective hydrogenation of purely aliphatic and functionalized olefins under mild conditions. The earth-abundant metal catalyst allows the selective hydrogenation of sterically protected olefins and further tolerates functional groups such as carbonyls, esters, ethers and nitriles. The characterization of our
    官能化烯烃的选择性加氢在化学和制药工业中具有重要意义。在这里,我们报告了一种纳米结构的镍催化剂,该催化剂能够在温和条件下对纯脂肪族和官能化烯烃进行选择性加氢。地球上丰富的金属催化剂允许空间保护的烯烃的选择性氢化,并进一步耐受羰基、酯、醚和腈等官能团。我们催化剂的表征揭示了表面氧化金属镍纳米颗粒的形成,该纳米颗粒由活性炭载体上的 N 掺杂碳层稳定。
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
hnmr
mass
cnmr
ir
raman
  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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同类化合物

(βS)-β-氨基-4-(4-羟基苯氧基)-3,5-二碘苯甲丙醇 (S)-(-)-7'-〔4(S)-(苄基)恶唑-2-基]-7-二(3,5-二-叔丁基苯基)膦基-2,2',3,3'-四氢-1,1-螺二氢茚 (S)-盐酸沙丁胺醇 (S)-3-(叔丁基)-4-(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)-2,3-二氢苯并[d][1,3]氧磷杂环戊二烯 (S)-2,2'-双[双(3,5-三氟甲基苯基)膦基]-4,4',6,6'-四甲氧基联苯 (S)-1-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基]-3-[1-(二甲基氨基)-3-甲基丁烷-2-基]硫脲 (R)富马酸托特罗定 (R)-(-)-盐酸尼古地平 (R)-(+)-7-双(3,5-二叔丁基苯基)膦基7''-[((6-甲基吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基]-2,2'',3,3''-四氢-1,1''-螺双茚满 (R)-3-(叔丁基)-4-(2,6-二苯氧基苯基)-2,3-二氢苯并[d][1,3]氧杂磷杂环戊烯 (R)-2-[((二苯基膦基)甲基]吡咯烷 (N-(4-甲氧基苯基)-N-甲基-3-(1-哌啶基)丙-2-烯酰胺) (5-溴-2-羟基苯基)-4-氯苯甲酮 (5-溴-2-氯苯基)(4-羟基苯基)甲酮 (5-氧代-3-苯基-2,5-二氢-1,2,3,4-oxatriazol-3-鎓) (4S,5R)-4-甲基-5-苯基-1,2,3-氧代噻唑烷-2,2-二氧化物-3-羧酸叔丁酯 (4-溴苯基)-[2-氟-4-[6-[甲基(丙-2-烯基)氨基]己氧基]苯基]甲酮 (4-丁氧基苯甲基)三苯基溴化磷 (3aR,8aR)-(-)-4,4,8,8-四(3,5-二甲基苯基)四氢-2,2-二甲基-6-苯基-1,3-二氧戊环[4,5-e]二恶唑磷 (2Z)-3-[[(4-氯苯基)氨基]-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯 (2S,3S,5S)-5-(叔丁氧基甲酰氨基)-2-(N-5-噻唑基-甲氧羰基)氨基-1,6-二苯基-3-羟基己烷 (2S,2''S,3S,3''S)-3,3''-二叔丁基-4,4''-双(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)-2,2'',3,3''-四氢-2,2''-联苯并[d][1,3]氧杂磷杂戊环 (2S)-(-)-2-{[[[[3,5-双(氟代甲基)苯基]氨基]硫代甲基]氨基}-N-(二苯基甲基)-N,3,3-三甲基丁酰胺 (2S)-2-[[[[[[((1R,2R)-2-氨基环己基]氨基]硫代甲基]氨基]-N-(二苯甲基)-N,3,3-三甲基丁酰胺 (2-硝基苯基)磷酸三酰胺 (2,6-二氯苯基)乙酰氯 (2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基苯基)硼酸 (1S,2S,3S,5S)-5-叠氮基-3-(苯基甲氧基)-2-[(苯基甲氧基)甲基]环戊醇 (1-(4-氟苯基)环丙基)甲胺盐酸盐 (1-(3-溴苯基)环丁基)甲胺盐酸盐 (1-(2-氯苯基)环丁基)甲胺盐酸盐 (1-(2-氟苯基)环丙基)甲胺盐酸盐 (-)-去甲基西布曲明 龙胆酸钠 龙胆酸叔丁酯 龙胆酸 龙胆紫 龙胆紫 齐达帕胺 齐诺康唑 齐洛呋胺 齐墩果-12-烯[2,3-c][1,2,5]恶二唑-28-酸苯甲酯 齐培丙醇 齐咪苯 齐仑太尔 黑染料 黄酮,5-氨基-6-羟基-(5CI) 黄酮,6-氨基-3-羟基-(6CI) 黄蜡,合成物 黄草灵钾盐