代谢
甲硝唑通过肝脏的羟基化、氧化和葡萄糖醛酸化进行代谢。甲硝唑的代谢产生了5种代谢物。羟基代谢物,1-(2-羟基-乙基)-2-羟基甲基-5-硝基咪唑,被认为是主要的活性代谢物。血浆中发现了未改变的甲硝唑及其2-羟甲基代谢物的少量。甲硝唑的几种代谢物在尿液中被发现。它们主要是侧链氧化的产物,此外还有葡萄糖醛酸苷结合。尿液中发现的剂量中,只有20%是由未改变的甲硝唑组成。甲硝唑的两个主要氧化代谢物是羟基代谢物和醋酸代谢物。
Metronidazole undergoes hepatic metabolism via hydroxylation, oxidation, and glucuronidation. The metabolism of metronidazole yields 5 metabolites. The hydroxy metabolite, 1-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-hydroxy methyl-5-nitroimidazole, is considered the major active metabolite. Unchanged metronidazole is found in the plasma along with small amounts of its 2- hydroxymethyl metabolite. Several metabolites of metronidazole are found in the urine. They are primarily a product of side-chain oxidation in addition to glucuronide conjugation. Only 20% of the dose found in the urine is accounted for by unchanged metronidazole. The two main oxidative metabolites of metronidazole are hydroxy and acetic acid metabolites.
来源:DrugBank