生化试剂
生化试剂（Biochemical reagent）是指用于生命科学研究的生物材料或有机化合物，以及临床诊断和医学研究所需的各类试剂。它们是从生物体中提取或通过化学合成得到的基本成分，主要用于生物成分的分析鉴定及生物制品的制造。
随着生命科学的发展，生化试剂已成长为一种重要的化学试剂类别，品种繁多，达10000多种。中国市场上销售的生化试剂有2500种。由于生化试剂对温度、湿度和光照敏感，容易丧失活力且保存期较短，因此对其贮存与运输条件要求较高。例如，绝大多数酶试剂需在0～5℃下保存，而某些用于遗传工程研究的酶试剂则需要在-20℃下冷藏。
根据生物体组织中所含物质或代谢过程中产生的物质，生化试剂可以分为氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、核苷酸、核酸、酶、辅酶、糖类、酯类和激素等。此外，按生物学研究的需求，它们还可细分为电泳试剂、色谱试剂、免疫试剂、标记试剂以及组织化学试剂等。
不同用途的生化试剂对纯度和技术要求各不相同。例如，酶试剂通常有粗制酶、结晶酶、多次结晶酶及不含特定杂酶的酶制剂等多种形式。生产生化试剂的方法主要有三种：从生物体中分离和提纯、化学合成以及发酵等。对于生化试剂产品的技术要求包括含量、熔点、冰点、旋光度、含水量、光谱特征、折光性、密度及生物活性等。
下级分类
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪-1-2-羟基丙磺酸 | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-(2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid) | 68399-78-0 | C9H20N2O5S |
| 4-(2-氯苯氧基)-N-[3-[(甲基氨基)羰基]苯基]-1-哌啶甲酰胺 | A939572 | 1032229-33-6 | C20H22ClN3O3 |
| 4-(2-乙基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-基)-1H-咪唑 | atipamezole | 104054-27-5 | C14H16N2 |
| 4-(2-(5-乙氧基-1H-苯并[D]咪唑-2-基硫代)乙基)吗啉 | 5-ethoxy-2-[2-(morpholino)ethylthio]benzimidazole | 173352-21-1 | C15H21N3O2S |
| 4-(2-((7-氨基-2-(呋喃-2-基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-A][1,3,5]T三嗪-5-基)氨基)乙基)苯酚 | 4-[2-(7-amino-2-furan-2-yl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ylamino)-ethyl]-phenol | 139180-30-6 | C16H15N7O2 |
| 4-(2,6-二氯苯甲酰基氨基)-1H-吡唑-3-羧酸 N-[1-(甲基磺酰基)哌啶-4-基]酰胺 | 4-(2,6-dichloro-benzoylamino)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (1-methanesulphonyl-piperidin-4-yl)-amide | 902156-99-4 | C17H19Cl2N5O4S |
| 4-((S)-2-((4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯氧基)甲基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸盐酸盐 | 4-{(S)-2-(4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl}-1-butyric acid hydrochloride | 929915-58-2 | C21H24ClNO4*ClH |
| 4-((4-氟苄基)氨基)-6-氟喹唑啉 | N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-fluoroquinazoline-4-amine | 1262888-28-7 | C15H11F2N3 |
| 4-((3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)咪唑并[1,2-b]吡嗪-6-基氨基)甲基)-苯磺酰胺 | IRAK inhibitor 3 | 1012343-93-9 | C21H21N5O4S |
| 4-((1,4-二氧代-1,4-二氢萘-2-基)氨基)苯磺酰胺 | 4-((1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)amino)benzenesulfonamide | 19992-50-8 | C16H12N2O4S |
| 4,6-二氯吲哚-2-甲酸 | 4,6-dichloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid | 101861-63-6 | C9H5Cl2NO2 |
| 4,5-二羟基-3,6-双[(2-磺基苯基)偶氮]-2,7-萘二磺酸 | 3,6-Bis(o-sulphophenylazo)-4,5-dihydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid | 1738-02-9 | C22H16N4O14S4 |
| 4,5-二溴-1,2-苯二胺 | 4,5-dibromo-1,2-diaminobenzene | 49764-63-8 | C6H6Br2N2 |
| 4,5,6,7-四溴苯甲腈 | 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole | 17374-26-4 | C6HBr4N3 |
| 4,4’-二乙酰胺基二苯基甲烷 | N,N'-diacetyl-4,4'-methylenedianiline | 2719-05-3 | C17H18N2O2 |
| 4,4-二氟氮杂环庚烷盐酸盐 | 4,4-difluoroazepane | 1094073-72-9 | C6H11F2N |
| 4'-氨甲基-6-羧基荧光素 | 4'-AMinoMethyl-6-FAM | 198546-45-1 | C22H15NO7 |
| 4'-[4-[[[(1R)-1-(2-氯苯基)乙氧基]羰基]氨基]-3-甲基-5-异恶唑基]-联苯-4-乙酸 | AM966 | 1228690-19-4 | C27H23ClN2O5 |
| 4'-[3-甲基-4-[[[(1R)-1-苯基乙氧基]羰基]氨基]-5-异恶唑基]联苯-4-乙酸钠盐 | AM095 | 1345614-59-6 | C27H23N2O5*Na |
| 4'-C-迭氮基胞嘧啶核苷 2',3',5'-三异丁酸酯 | balapiravir | 690270-29-2 | C21H30N6O8 |
| 4'-(环丙基甲基)-N2-4-吡啶基[4,5'-联嘧啶]-2,2'-二胺 | PIK-III | 1383716-40-2 | C17H17N7 |
| 3，5-双[[（4-甲基苯基）亚甲基]-4-哌啶酮盐酸盐 | NSC 632839 hydrochloride | 157654-67-6 | C21H22ClNO |
| 3-苯基-4-氨基丁酸盐酸盐 | 4-amino-3-phenylbutanoic acid hydrochloride | 3060-41-1 | C10H13NO2*ClH |
| 3-苯基-2-异恶唑啉-5-乙酸 | VGX1027 | 6501-72-0 | C11H11NO3 |
| 3-苯基-2-[4-[[4-[5-(2-吡啶)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基]-1-哌啶]甲基]苯基]-1,6-萘啶-5(6H)-酮 | 3-phenyl-2-(4-{[4-(5-pyridin-2-yl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]methyl}phenyl)-1,6-naphthyridin-5(6H)-one | 893422-47-4 | C33H29N7O |
| 3-苄基-2-[(1E)-2-(3-吡啶基)乙烯基]-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮 | 3-(phenylmethyl)-2-[(1E)-2-(3-pyridinyl)ethenyl]-4(3H)-quinazolinone | 1290541-46-6 | C22H17N3O |
| 3-羧基-4-辛基-2-亚甲基丁内酯 | trans-4-carboxy-5-octyl-3-methylene-butyrolactone | 218137-86-1 | C14H22O4 |
| 3-碘-D-酪氨酸 | 3-iodo-D-tyrosine | 25799-58-0 | C9H10INO3 |
| 3-环戊基-N-{[(2-甲基-2-丙基)氧基]羰基}丙氨酸 | 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyclopentylpropanoic acid | 401514-71-4 | C13H23NO4 |
| 3-溴荧蒽 | 3-bromofluoranthene | 13438-50-1 | C16H9Br |
| 3-氰基-N-(3-氰基-4-甲基-1H-吲哚-7-基)苯磺酰胺 | E7820 | 289483-69-8 | C17H12N4O2S |
| 3-氰基-4-苯基-6-(3-溴-6-羟基苯基)-2(1H)-吡啶酮 | 6-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile | 491871-58-0 | C18H11BrN2O2 |
| 3-氯-N-[反式-4-(甲基氨基)环己基]-N-[[3-(4-吡啶基)苯基]甲基]-苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酰胺 | SAG | 912545-86-9 | C28H28ClN3OS |
| 3-氯-D-酪氨酸 | D-3-chlorotyrosine | 162599-96-4 | C9H10ClNO3 |
| 3-氯-5-碘吡啶-2-胺 | 2-amino-3-chloro-5-iodopyridine | 952901-62-1 | C5H4ClIN2 |
| 3-氯-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷-2-基)-2-吡啶胺 | 3-chloro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine | 1032758-99-8 | C11H16BClN2O2 |
| 3-氯-2-甲基-N-(4-(2-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-2-氧代乙基)噻唑-2-基)苯磺酰胺 | 3-chloro-2-methyl-N-(4-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide | 376640-41-4 | C17H21ClN4O3S2 |
| 3-氯-1-(3,4-二氯苯基)-4-(4-吗啉基)-1H-吡咯-2,5-二酮 | (3-chloro-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione) | 415713-60-9 | C14H11Cl3N2O3 |
| 3-氨基-9-乙基咔唑 | 9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-ylamine | 132-32-1 | C14H14N2 |
| 3-氨基-8-叠氮-5-苯乙烯-6-苯基菲酚溴化物 | 8-Azido-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridin-3(5H)-imine--hydrogen bromide (1/1) | 58880-05-0 | C21H18BrN5 |
| 3-氨基-6-氯-5-[(3S)-4-[1-[(4-氯苯基)甲基]-4-哌啶基]-3-乙基-1-哌嗪基]-2-哌嗪甲酰胺 | (S)-3-Amino-6-chloro-5-(4-(1-(4-chlorobenzyl)piperidin-4-yl)-3-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide | 906805-42-3 | C23H31Cl2N7O |
| 3-氟硼吡咯-丙酰氨基己酸,N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯 | 6-((4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionyl)amino)hexanoic acid | 217190-09-5 | C24H29BF2N4O5 |
| 3-氟扁桃酸 | 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyacetic acid | 395-05-1 | C8H7FO3 |
| 3-四聚丙烯基二氢-2,5-呋喃二酮 | 3-(4-methyl-2-{[(3Z)-2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene]methyl}-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propanoic acid | 215543-92-3 | C17H16N2O3 |
| 3-吗啉丙磺酸 | 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid | 1132-61-2 | C7H15NO4S |
| 3-吗啉-2-羟基丙磺酸 | 3-(N-morpholinyl)-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid | 68399-77-9 | C7H15NO5S |
| 3-乙基-2-苯并咪唑酮 | N-ethylbenzimidazolinone | 10045-45-1 | C9H10N2O |
| 3-乙基-1-丙基-8-(1-(3-(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吡唑-4-基)-1H-嘌呤-2,6(3H,8H)-二酮 | 3-ethyl-1-propyl-8-[1-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]pyrazol-4-yl]-7H-purine-2,6-dione | 752222-83-6 | C21H21F3N6O2 |
| 3-三氟硼酸丙酸钾乙酯 | Potassium (3-ethoxy-3-oxopropyl)trifluoroborate | 1023357-64-3 | C5H9BF3KO2 |
| 3-{3-[4-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2,5-二羰基-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-3-基]-1H-吲哚-1-基}丙基氨基甲酰亚胺基硫酸酯 | Ro 31-8220 | 125314-64-9 | C25H23N5O2S |
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