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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 生化试剂

    生化试剂

    生化试剂（Biochemical reagent）是指用于生命科学研究的生物材料或有机化合物，以及临床诊断和医学研究所需的各类试剂。它们是从生物体中提取或通过化学合成得到的基本成分，主要用于生物成分的分析鉴定及生物制品的制造。

    随着生命科学的发展，生化试剂已成长为一种重要的化学试剂类别，品种繁多，达10000多种。中国市场上销售的生化试剂有2500种。由于生化试剂对温度、湿度和光照敏感，容易丧失活力且保存期较短，因此对其贮存与运输条件要求较高。例如，绝大多数酶试剂需在0～5℃下保存，而某些用于遗传工程研究的酶试剂则需要在-20℃下冷藏。

    根据生物体组织中所含物质或代谢过程中产生的物质，生化试剂可以分为氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、核苷酸、核酸、酶、辅酶、糖类、酯类和激素等。此外，按生物学研究的需求，它们还可细分为电泳试剂、色谱试剂、免疫试剂、标记试剂以及组织化学试剂等。

    不同用途的生化试剂对纯度和技术要求各不相同。例如，酶试剂通常有粗制酶、结晶酶、多次结晶酶及不含特定杂酶的酶制剂等多种形式。生产生化试剂的方法主要有三种：从生物体中分离和提纯、化学合成以及发酵等。对于生化试剂产品的技术要求包括含量、熔点、冰点、旋光度、含水量、光谱特征、折光性、密度及生物活性等。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Autocamtide 2 129198-88-5 C65H118N22O20
    Autocamtide 2
    —— methyl N-[(2R)-1-[2-[(2S,3S)-2-hydroxy-3-[[(2R)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]-4-phenylbutyl]hydrazinyl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamate 1192224-24-0 C26H43N5O7
    methyl N-[(2R)-1-[2-[(2S,3S)-2-hydroxy-3-[[(2R)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]-4-phenylbutyl]hydrazinyl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamate
    —— But-2-enedioic acid--4-[(1S,2R)-3-(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)-1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl]phenol (1/1) 169274-78-6 C26H33NO6
    But-2-enedioic acid--4-[(1S,2R)-3-(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)-1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl]phenol (1/1)
    —— 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-Pyrimidinetrione, 5,5-dihydroxy-, trihydrate 5629-46-9 C4H10N2O8
    2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-Pyrimidinetrione, 5,5-dihydroxy-, trihydrate
    —— Sodium (3-hydroxy-2-pentylcyclopentyl)acetate 1175006-92-4 C12H21NaO3
    Sodium (3-hydroxy-2-pentylcyclopentyl)acetate
    —— (1R,3S,5Z)-5-[(2E)-2-[(1R,7Ar)-1-[(2R)-5-cyclopropyl-5-hydroxypentan-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diol 129831-99-8 C27H42O3
    (1R,3S,5Z)-5-[(2E)-2-[(1R,7Ar)-1-[(2R)-5-cyclopropyl-5-hydroxypentan-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diol
    —— 2'-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-1<i>H</i>,1'<i>H</i>-[2,5']bibenzoimidazolyl 23554-99-6 C25H23ClN6
    2'-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-1<i>H</i>,1'<i>H</i>-[2,5']bibenzoimidazolyl
    —— PF-543 (Citrate) 1415562-83-2 C33H39NO11S
    PF-543 (Citrate)
    —— (1aR,5S,8S,10R,22aR)-N-[(R-1R,2S)-1-[(cyclopropylsulfonamido)carbonyl]-2-ethenylcyclopropyl]-14-methoxy-5-(2-methylpropan-2-yl)-3,6-dioxo-1,1a,3,4,5,6,9,10,18,19,20,21,22,22a-tetradecahydro-8H-7,10-methanocyclopropa[18,19][1,10,3,6]dioxadiazacyclononadecino[11,12-b]quinoxaline-8-carboxamide hydrate 1350462-55-3 C38H50N6O9S*H2O
    (1aR,5S,8S,10R,22aR)-N-[(R-1R,2S)-1-[(cyclopropylsulfonamido)carbonyl]-2-ethenylcyclopropyl]-14-methoxy-5-(2-methylpropan-2-yl)-3,6-dioxo-1,1a,3,4,5,6,9,10,18,19,20,21,22,22a-tetradecahydro-8H-7,10-methanocyclopropa[18,19][1,10,3,6]dioxadiazacyclononadecino[11,12-b]quinoxaline-8-carboxamide hydrate
    —— D-Erythro-pentitol, 1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-(((1R,3S)-3-((7,8-dihydro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1,6-naphthyridin-6(5H)-yl)carbonyl)-3-(1-methylethyl)cyclopentyl)amino)-4-o-methyl- 624733-88-6 C24H36F3N3O2
    D-Erythro-pentitol, 1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-(((1R,3S)-3-((7,8-dihydro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1,6-naphthyridin-6(5H)-yl)carbonyl)-3-(1-methylethyl)cyclopentyl)amino)-4-o-methyl-
    —— Tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decane-1-carboxamide, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-pyridinylmethyl)- 915385-81-8 C23H25ClN2O
    Tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decane-1-carboxamide, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-pyridinylmethyl)-
    —— (2S,3R,4R)[[2-[[4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl ]methyl]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl]-amino]acetic acid dihydrate 170098-38-1 C25H32N2O4*2H2O
    (2S,3R,4R)[[2-[[4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl ]methyl]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl]-amino]acetic acid dihydrate
    —— (E)-1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4-((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione 423148-78-1 C14H7ClFN3O5
    (E)-1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4-((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— N-Methylepinephrine hydrochloride 62-22-6 C10H16ClNO3
    N-Methylepinephrine hydrochloride
    —— titan yellow 1829-00-1 C28H19N5O6S4*2Na
    titan yellow
    —— CBB1007 1379573-92-8 C27H34N8O4
    CBB1007
    —— Pasireotide acetate 396091-76-2 C60H70N10O11
    Pasireotide acetate
    —— 1-(3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione 423148-78-1 C14H7ClFN3O5
    1-(3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 4-(1-cyclohexyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine hydrochloride 950912-80-8 C19H20FN5*(x)ClH
    4-(1-cyclohexyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine hydrochloride
    —— Uprosertib hydrochloride 1047635-80-2 C18H17Cl3F2N4O2
    Uprosertib hydrochloride
    —— (+-)-cis-2-Methylspiro(1,3-oxathiolane-5,3'-quinuclidine) hydrochloride, hemihydrate 153504-70-2 C20H38Cl2N2O3S2
    (+-)-cis-2-Methylspiro(1,3-oxathiolane-5,3'-quinuclidine) hydrochloride, hemihydrate
    —— Boc-GGFG-OH 187794-49-6 C20H28N4O7
    Boc-GGFG-OH
    —— Manganese(2+);3,10,13,20,26-pentazatetracyclo[20.3.1.04,9.014,19]hexacosa-1(26),22,24-triene;chloride 218791-21-0 C21H35MnN5*2Cl
    Manganese(2+);3,10,13,20,26-pentazatetracyclo[20.3.1.04,9.014,19]hexacosa-1(26),22,24-triene;chloride
    —— trans-(S)-4-[9-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-8-(2,4,6-trifluoro-phenylamino)-9H-purin-2-ylamino]-cyclohexan-1-ol 899805-25-5 C21H23F3N6O2
    trans-(S)-4-[9-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-8-(2,4,6-trifluoro-phenylamino)-9H-purin-2-ylamino]-cyclohexan-1-ol
    —— <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-<i>L</i>-β-aspartyl-<i>L</i>-histidine 20223-80-7 C10H14N4O5
    <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-<i>L</i>-β-aspartyl-<i>L</i>-histidine
    —— (10S,17S,4Z,7Z,11E,13Z,15E,19Z)-10,17-dihydroxydocosa-4,7,11,13,15,14,19-hexenoic acid 871826-47-0 C22H32O4
    (10S,17S,4Z,7Z,11E,13Z,15E,19Z)-10,17-dihydroxydocosa-4,7,11,13,15,14,19-hexenoic acid
    —— Gibberellin A(1); <GA(1)> 545-97-1 C19H24O6
    Gibberellin A(1); <GA(1)>
    —— Fmoc-trans-4-fluoro-pro-OH 203866-20-0 C20H17FNO4-
    Fmoc-trans-4-fluoro-pro-OH
    —— (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,2'R,4R,6R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
    (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,2'R,4R,6R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid
    —— WAY-100635 maleate salt 634908-75-1 C29H38N4O6
    WAY-100635 maleate salt
    —— methionyl-phenylalanine 14492-14-9 C14H20N2O3S
    methionyl-phenylalanine
    —— (E)-4-(2-(2-(N-((p-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)amino)phenyl)ethenyl)pyridine 1-oxide 173529-10-7 C20H18N2O4S
    (E)-4-(2-(2-(N-((p-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)amino)phenyl)ethenyl)pyridine 1-oxide
    —— (2S,3S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-methoxybutanoic acid 630424-73-6 C10H19NO5
    (2S,3S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-methoxybutanoic acid
    —— (6R,9R,12R)-6,9-dibenzyl-12-isobutyl-2,2-dimethyl-4,7,10-3-oxa-5,8,11-triazadecyl-13-carboxylic acid 1024829-72-8 C29H39N3O6
    (6R,9R,12R)-6,9-dibenzyl-12-isobutyl-2,2-dimethyl-4,7,10-3-oxa-5,8,11-triazadecyl-13-carboxylic acid
    —— Coreopsin 499-29-6 C21H22O10
    Coreopsin
    —— hematoxylin 517-28-2 C16H14O6
    hematoxylin
    —— α-[2-[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-thiazolyl]hydrazinylidene]-2-nitrobenzenepropanoic acid 315706-13-9 C18H12Cl2N4O4S
    α-[2-[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-thiazolyl]hydrazinylidene]-2-nitrobenzenepropanoic acid
    —— alofanib 1612888-66-0 C19H15N3O6S
    alofanib
    —— (1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-[5-chloro-2-((S)-1-methoxy-7-(morpholin-4-yl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[a]cyclohepten-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-ylamino]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid amide 1431697-87-8 C28H35ClN6O3
    (1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-[5-chloro-2-((S)-1-methoxy-7-(morpholin-4-yl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[a]cyclohepten-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-ylamino]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid amide
    —— (5α,20β<sub>F</sub><i>H</i>)-cholestan-3-one 566-88-1 C27H46O
    (5α,20β<sub>F</sub><i>H</i>)-cholestan-3-one
    —— (5α)-cholestan-3-one 566-88-1 C27H46O
    (5α)-cholestan-3-one
    —— 19-Nor-Δ<sup>4.9</sup>-androstadien-3.17-dion 5173-46-6 C18H22O2
    19-Nor-Δ<sup>4.9</sup>-androstadien-3.17-dion
    —— beclabuvir 958002-33-0 C36H45N5O5S
    beclabuvir
    —— (2'S,3'R,4'S,5'R)-6-chloro-4'-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-2'-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydrospiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-5'-carboxylic acid (4-carbamoyl-2-methoxyphenyl)amide 1309684-94-3 C31H31Cl2FN4O4
    (2'S,3'R,4'S,5'R)-6-chloro-4'-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-2'-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydrospiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-5'-carboxylic acid (4-carbamoyl-2-methoxyphenyl)amide
    —— nortropine 538-09-0 C7H13NO
    nortropine
    —— Leukokristallviolett-Anionenradikal 603-48-5 C25H31N3
    Leukokristallviolett-Anionenradikal
    —— Eriochrome Blue Black R 2538-85-4 C20H13N2O5S*Na
    Eriochrome Blue Black R
    —— (±)7-hydroxy-4Z,8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid 90780-55-5 C22H32O3
    (±)7-hydroxy-4Z,8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid
    —— 1H-Pyrrole-3-carboxamide, 5-((5-fluoro-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl)-N-((2S)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl)-2,4-dimethyl- 452105-23-6 C23H27FN4O4
    1H-Pyrrole-3-carboxamide, 5-((5-fluoro-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl)-N-((2S)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl)-2,4-dimethyl-
    —— Disodium methylenebis(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate) 6640-22-8 C23H16NaO6+
    Disodium methylenebis(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate)