生化试剂(Biochemical reagent)是指用于生命科学研究的生物材料或有机化合物,以及临床诊断和医学研究所需的各类试剂。它们是从生物体中提取或通过化学合成得到的基本成分,主要用于生物成分的分析鉴定及生物制品的制造。
随着生命科学的发展,生化试剂已成长为一种重要的化学试剂类别,品种繁多,达10000多种。中国市场上销售的生化试剂有2500种。由于生化试剂对温度、湿度和光照敏感,容易丧失活力且保存期较短,因此对其贮存与运输条件要求较高。例如,绝大多数酶试剂需在0~5℃下保存,而某些用于遗传工程研究的酶试剂则需要在-20℃下冷藏。
根据生物体组织中所含物质或代谢过程中产生的物质,生化试剂可以分为氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、核苷酸、核酸、酶、辅酶、糖类、酯类和激素等。此外,按生物学研究的需求,它们还可细分为电泳试剂、色谱试剂、免疫试剂、标记试剂以及组织化学试剂等。
不同用途的生化试剂对纯度和技术要求各不相同。例如,酶试剂通常有粗制酶、结晶酶、多次结晶酶及不含特定杂酶的酶制剂等多种形式。生产生化试剂的方法主要有三种:从生物体中分离和提纯、化学合成以及发酵等。对于生化试剂产品的技术要求包括含量、熔点、冰点、旋光度、含水量、光谱特征、折光性、密度及生物活性等。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(gammaS,4S)-4-羧基-gamma-[[芴甲氧羰基]氨基]-2,2-二甲基-delta-氧代-3-恶唑烷戊酸叔丁酯 | Fmoc-L-Glu(Ot-Bu)-L-Ser(Ψ<sup>Me,Me</sup>Pro)-OH | 909115-33-9 | C30H36N2O8 |
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(alphaS)-alpha-[4-(1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基]-alpha-(三氟甲基)-5-[[1-(三氟甲基)环丙基]甲基]-1H-咪唑-2-乙醇 | MK-5046 | 1022152-70-0 | C20H18F6N4O |
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(alphaS)-7-氟-alpha-甲基-N-9H-嘌呤-6-基-2-(2-吡啶基)-3-喹啉甲胺 | (S)-N-(1-(7-fluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-3-yl)ethyl)-9H-purin-6-amine | 1608125-21-8 | C21H16FN7 |
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(alphaR,betaS)-alpha-(4-羟基苯基)-beta-甲基-4-苄基-1-哌啶丙醇 | 4-[(1R,2S)-3-(4-Benzyl-piperidin-1-yl)-1-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl]-phenol | 169274-78-6 | C22H29NO2 |
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(Z)-辣椒素 | cis-capsaicin | 25775-90-0 | C18H27NO3 |
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(Z)-N-去甲基-4-羟基三苯氧胺 | (Z)-endoxyfen | 112093-28-4 | C25H27NO2 |
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(Z)-2-癸烯酸 | cis-2-decenoic acid | 15790-91-7 | C10H18O2 |
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(S)-哌嗪-2-羧酸 | (S)-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid | 147650-70-2 | C5H10N2O2 |
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(S)-α,α-双[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基]-2-吡咯烷甲醇 | (S)-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanol | 848821-76-1 | C21H15F12NO |
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(S)-[4-(3-氟-5-三氟甲基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基][5-(甲磺酰基)-2-(2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基乙氧基)苯基]甲酮 | Bitopertin | 845614-11-1 | C21H20F7N3O4S |
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(S)-N-[2-(2-氰基-4,4-二氟-1-吡咯烷基)-2-氧代乙基]喹啉-4-甲酰胺 | (S)-N-(2-(2-cyano-4,4-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)quinoline-4-carboxamide | 1448440-52-5 | C17H14F2N4O2 |
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(S)-N-Boc-(5-溴-2-甲氧基苯基)丙氨酸 | Boc-5-bromo-2-methoxy-L-phenylalanine | 261165-03-1 | C15H20BrNO5 |
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(S)-N-(2-丙炔基)-2,3-二氢茚-1-胺 | N-Propargyl-1(S)-aminoindan | 185517-74-2 | C12H13N |
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(S)-ALPHA-氨基-2'-氯-5-(膦酰甲基)-[1,1'-联苯]-3-丙酸盐酸盐 | SDZ 220-581 hydrochloride | 179411-93-9 | C16H18Cl2NO5P |
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(S)-6,7-二氢-2-硝基-6-[[4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]甲氧基]-5H-咪唑并[2,1-B][1,3]恶嗪 | PA-824 | 187235-37-6 | C14H12F3N3O5 |
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(S)-3-[[(9H-芴-9-基甲氧基)羰基]氨基]-1,1,3-丙烷三羧酸 1,1-双叔丁酯 | N-α-(9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-γ-carboxy-L-glutamic acid γ,γ'-di-tert-butyl ester | 111662-64-7 | C29H35NO8 |
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(S)-3-(氨基甲基)-7-(3-羟基丙氧基)苯并[c][1,2]噁硼烷-1(3h)-醇 | (S)-3-(aminomethyl)-7-(3-hydroxypropoxy)benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-1(3H)-ol hydrochloride | 1234563-16-6 | C11H16BNO4*ClH |
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(S)-3-(4-((4-(三氟甲基)-[1,1-联苯]-3-基)甲氧基)苯基)-4-己酸 | AMG 837 | 865231-46-5 | C26H21F3O3 |
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(S)-2-[[4-[(2-氟苄基)氧基]苄基]氨基]丙酰胺 | ralfinamide | 133865-88-0 | C17H19FN2O2 |
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(S)-2-[[2-[5-(5-甲脒基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)-6,2'-二羟基-5'-氨基磺酰基联苯-3-基]乙酰基]氨基]琥珀酸 | (S)-2-{2-[5-(5-carbamimidoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6,2'-dihydroxy-5'-sulfamoylbiphenyl-3-yl]acetylamino}succinic acid | 871266-63-6 | C26H24N6O9S |
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(S)-2-(Boc-氨)-3-(Fmoc-氨)丙酸 | Boc-Dap(Fmoc)-OH | 122235-70-5 | C23H26N2O6 |
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(S)-2-(9H-芴-9-甲氧基羰基氨基)-4-甲磺酰基丁酸 | Fmoc-L-Met(O2)-OH | 163437-14-7 | C20H21NO6S |
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(S)-2-(2,6-二氯苯酰胺)-3-(2,6-二甲氧基-[1,1-联苯]-4-基)丙酸 | [14C]-TR-14035 | 232271-19-1 | C24H21Cl2NO5 |
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(S)-2-((S)-2-氨基-3-(4-羟基苯基)丙酰胺)-4-甲基戊酸 | L-tyrosyl-L-leucine | 17355-10-1 | C15H22N2O4 |
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(S)-2-((S)-2-氨基-3-(1H-咪唑-4-基)丙酰胺基)3-苯基丙酸 | L-histidyl-L-phenylalanine | 16874-81-0 | C15H18N4O3 |
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(S)-2-((S)-2-(二甲基氨基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)-N-((3R,4S,5S)-3-甲氧基-1-((s)-2-((1R,2R)-1-甲氧基-2-甲基-3-氧代-3-(((S)-2-苯基-1-(噻唑-2-基)乙基)氨基)丙基)吡咯烷-1-基)-5-甲基-1-氧代庚烷-4-基)-N,3-二甲基丁酰胺 | dolastatin 10 | 110417-88-4 | C42H68N6O6S |
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(S)-2-((S)-2-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-3-甲基丁酰胺基)-5-脲基戊酸 | (S)-2-((S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-methylbutanamido)-5-ureidopentanoic acid | 870487-08-4 | C16H30N4O6 |
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(S)-2-((S)-2,6-二氨基己酰氨基)-3-甲基丁酸 | Lys-Val | 20556-11-0 | C11H23N3O3 |
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(S)-2-((((9h-芴-9-基)甲氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲氧基丙酸 | Fmoc-Ser(Me)-OH | 159610-93-2 | C19H19NO5 |
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(S)-2-((((9H-芴-9-基)甲氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-羟基-2-甲基丙酸 | (S)-2-(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propionic acid | 207117-28-0 | C19H19NO5 |
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(S)-2-((((9H-芴-9-基)甲氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-(4-((双(苄氧基)磷酰基)氧基)苯基)丙酸 | N<sup>2</sup>-<<(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy>carbonyl>-O<sup>4</sup>-<bis(benzyloxy)phosphoryl>-L-tyrosine | 134150-51-9 | C38H34NO8P |
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(S)-1-[5-[2-氟苯基]-2-甲基噻唑-4-基]-1-[2-[[5-苯基-[1,3,4]恶二唑-2-基]甲基]吡咯烷-1-基]甲酮 | [5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-[(2S)-2-[(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]methanone | 483313-22-0 | C24H21FN4O2S |
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(S)-1-N-Boc-2-吡咯烷甲腈 | tert-butyl (2S)-2-cyanopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 228244-04-0 | C10H16N2O2 |
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(S)-1-(1-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-2-羟乙基)-4-(2-((1-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基)氨基)嘧啶-4-基)吡啶-2(1H)-酮 | GDC-0994 | 1453848-26-4 | C21H18ClFN6O2 |
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(S)-(+)-布洛芬 | (S)-ibuprofen | 51146-56-6 | C13H18O2 |
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(R)-萘普生 | (R)-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)propionic acid | 23979-41-1 | C14H14O3 |
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(R)-boc-5,5-二甲基-1,3-噻唑烷-4-羧酸 | (tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-L-5,5-dimethylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid | 117918-23-7 | C11H19NO4S |
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(R)-alpha-[[叔丁氧羰基]甲基氨基]苯乙酸 | (R)-1-(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-methylamino)-1-phenylacetic acid | 30925-12-3 | C14H19NO4 |
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(R)-N-Fmoc-2-(2'-丙烯基)-丙氨酸 | (R)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-methylpent-4-enoic acid | 288617-76-5 | C21H21NO4 |
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(R)-N-FMOC-2-氨基-3-羟基-3-甲基丁酸 | Fmoc-D-OHVal | 884880-39-1 | C20H21NO5 |
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(R)-9-[4-[1-(二甲基氨基)丙-2-基]苯基]-8-羟基-6-甲基噻吩并[2,3-C]喹啉-4(5H)-酮盐酸盐 | OTS964 | 1338545-07-5 | C23H24N2O2S*ClH |
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(R)-5,6-二氢-5-(甲基氨基)-4H-咪唑并[4,5,1-ij]喹啉-2(1H)-酮马来酸盐 | Sumanirole maleate | 179386-44-8 | C4H4O4*C11H13N3O |
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(R)-4A-(乙氧基甲基)-1-(4-氟苯基)-6-((4-(三氟甲基)苯基)磺酰基)-4,4A,5,6,7,8-六氢-1H-吡唑并[3,4-G]异喹啉 | (R)-4-a-ethoxymethyl-1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzenesulfonyl)-4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H,1,2,6-triaza-cyclopenta[b]naphthalene | 1018679-79-2 | C26H25F4N3O3S |
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(R)-4-(2-(2-(2-甲基吡咯烷-1-基)乙基)苯并呋喃-5-基)苯甲腈 | 4-{2-[2-(2R-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]benzofuran-5-yl}benzonitrile | 460746-46-7 | C22H22N2O |
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(R)-4-((二乙基氨基)甲基)-n-(2-甲氧基苯乙基)-n-(吡咯烷-3-基)苯甲酰胺 | PF-429242 | 947303-87-9 | C25H35N3O2 |
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(R)-3-BOC-噻唑烷基-2-羧酸 | (R)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 125471-00-3 | C9H15NO4S |
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(R)-3,4-二氢-7-羟基-2,3(1H)-异喹啉二甲酸2-芴甲基酯 | (R)-7-Hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl) ester | 178432-50-3 | C25H21NO5 |
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(R)-2-(芴甲氧羰基氨基)-4-氨基丁酸 | Fmoc-D-Dab(NH<sub>2</sub>)-OH | 201484-12-0 | C19H20N2O4 |
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(R)-2-(7-(4-环戊基-3-(三氟甲基)苄氧基)-1,2,3,4-四氢环戊并[b]吲哚-3-基)乙酸 | (R)-2-(7-(4-cyclopentyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyloxy)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]indol-3-yl)acetic acid | 1206123-37-6 | C26H26F3NO3 |
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(R)-2- [N-(N-苄基脯氨酰)氨基]二苯甲酮 | (S)-N-(2-benzoylphenyl)-1-benzylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide | 96293-17-3 | C25H24N2O2 |
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