生化试剂(Biochemical reagent)是指用于生命科学研究的生物材料或有机化合物,以及临床诊断和医学研究所需的各类试剂。它们是从生物体中提取或通过化学合成得到的基本成分,主要用于生物成分的分析鉴定及生物制品的制造。
随着生命科学的发展,生化试剂已成长为一种重要的化学试剂类别,品种繁多,达10000多种。中国市场上销售的生化试剂有2500种。由于生化试剂对温度、湿度和光照敏感,容易丧失活力且保存期较短,因此对其贮存与运输条件要求较高。例如,绝大多数酶试剂需在0~5℃下保存,而某些用于遗传工程研究的酶试剂则需要在-20℃下冷藏。
根据生物体组织中所含物质或代谢过程中产生的物质,生化试剂可以分为氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、核苷酸、核酸、酶、辅酶、糖类、酯类和激素等。此外,按生物学研究的需求,它们还可细分为电泳试剂、色谱试剂、免疫试剂、标记试剂以及组织化学试剂等。
不同用途的生化试剂对纯度和技术要求各不相同。例如,酶试剂通常有粗制酶、结晶酶、多次结晶酶及不含特定杂酶的酶制剂等多种形式。生产生化试剂的方法主要有三种:从生物体中分离和提纯、化学合成以及发酵等。对于生化试剂产品的技术要求包括含量、熔点、冰点、旋光度、含水量、光谱特征、折光性、密度及生物活性等。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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6'-(3-氯苄基氧基)-3,4,5,6-四氢-2H-[1,2']联吡嗪 | Pyrazine, 2-((3-chlorophenyl)methoxy)-6-(1-piperazinyl)- | 479683-64-2 | C15H17ClN4O |
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5β-胆烷酸 | cholanic acid | 546-18-9 | C24H40O2 |
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5`-二磷酸鸟嘌呤核苷-岩藻糖二钠盐 | guanosine-5'-diphospho-β-L-fucose | 15839-70-0 | C16H25N5O15P2 |
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5-苯基海因 | 5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione | 89-24-7 | C9H8N2O2 |
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5-苯基-1,2,5-噻二唑烷-3-酮1,1-二氧化物 | 1,1-Dioxo-5-phenyl-1λ<sup>6</sup>-[1,2,5]thiadiazolidin-3-one | 612530-44-6 | C8H8N2O3S |
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5-羧基荧光素琥珀酰亚胺酯 | 5-carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester | 92557-80-7 | C25H15NO9 |
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5-羧基四甲基罗丹明琥珀酰亚胺酯 | 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester | 150810-68-7 | C29H25N3O7 |
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5-羧基四甲基罗丹明 | 5-TAMRA | 91809-66-4 | C25H22N2O5 |
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5-羧基-X-罗丹明琥珀酰亚胺酯(单一化合物) | 5-carboxy-X-rhodamine N-succinimidyl ester | 209734-74-7 | C37H33N3O7 |
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5-羧基-1,10-菲罗啉 | 1,10-phenanthroline-5-carboxylic acid | 630067-06-0 | C13H8N2O2 |
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5-碘香兰素 | 5-iodovaniline | 5438-36-8 | C8H7IO3 |
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5-碘-2'-脱氧结核菌素 | 7-deaza-2'-deoxy-7-iodoadenosine | 166247-63-8 | C11H13IN4O3 |
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5-硝基-2-糠酸 | 5-nitro-2-furoic acid | 645-12-5 | C5H3NO5 |
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5-甲氧基靛红 | 5-methoxyisatine | 39755-95-8 | C9H7NO3 |
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5-甲氧基-3-(1,2,3,6-四氢-4-吡啶基)-1H-吲哚半琥珀酸酯 | 5-methoxy-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-1H-indole succinate | 66611-27-6 | C18H22N2O5 |
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5-甲基靛红 | 5-methyl-indole-2,3-dione | 608-05-9 | C9H7NO2 |
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5-甲基-1(3h)-异苯并呋喃酮 | 5-methylphthalide | 54120-64-8 | C9H8O2 |
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5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基磷酸二钾盐 | 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate dipotassium salt, phosphatase substrate | 102185-49-9 | C8H6BrClKNO4P |
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5-氯靛红 | 5-chloroindole 2,3-dione | 17630-76-1 | C8H4ClNO2 |
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5-氯-N-[(1S)-1-(5-氟吡啶-2-基)乙基]-N'-(5-异丙氧基-1H-吡唑-3-基)嘧啶-2,4-二胺 | AZ23 | 915720-21-7 | C17H19ClFN7O |
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5-氨基-7-(环己基氨基)-1-乙基-6-氟-1,4-二氢-4-氧代-3-喹啉羧酸 | AS1842856 | 836620-48-5 | C18H22FN3O3 |
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5-氟-2-甲氧基-4-吡啶胺 | 5-fluoro-2-methoxypyridin-4-amine | 58381-05-8 | C6H7FN2O |
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5-氟-2-吲哚基脱氯卤培米特 | 5-fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide | 939055-18-2 | C23H24FN5O2 |
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5-氟-1,3-二氢-1-羟基-2,1-苯并氧杂硼戊环; Tavaborole | tavaborole | 174671-46-6 | C7H6BFO2 |
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5-叔丁氧基-2,4-二氨基喹唑啉 | HZ-1157 | 1009734-33-1 | C12H16N4O |
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5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基4-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丁酸乙酯 | SPDB | 115088-06-7 | C13H14N2O4S2 |
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5-乙酰基氨基-2-甲基-n-(1r-萘-1-基-乙基)苯甲酰胺 | 5-acetylamino-2-methyl-N-[(R)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethyl]benzamide | 1093070-14-4 | C22H22N2O2 |
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5-乙基磺酰基-2-萘-2-基-1,3-苯并恶唑 | ezutromid | 945531-77-1 | C19H15NO3S |
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5-乙基-2-[4-[4-[[[4-(1H-四氮唑-1-基)苯基]氧基]甲基]噻唑-2-基]哌啶-1-基]嘧啶 | MBX-2982 | 1037792-44-1 | C22H24N8OS |
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5-三氟甲氧基吲哚-2,3-二酮 | 5-trifluoromethoxy-1H-indole-2,3-dione | 169037-23-4 | C9H4F3NO3 |
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5-[[芴甲氧羰基]氨基]戊酸 | 5-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)aminopentanoic acid | 123622-48-0 | C20H21NO4 |
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5-[[7-[3-[乙基[2-(磷酰氧基)乙基]氨基]丙氧基]-4-喹唑啉基]氨基]-N-(3-氟苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-乙酰胺 | 2-{ethyl[3-({4-[(5-{2-[(3-fluorophenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino]quinazolin-7-yl}oxy)proplyl]amino}ethyl dihydrogen phosphate | 722543-31-9 | C26H31FN7O6P |
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5-[[5-[2-(3-氨基丙氧基)-6-甲氧基苯基]-1H-吡唑-3-基]氨基]-2-吡嗪甲腈 | prexasertib | 1234015-52-1 | C18H19N7O2 |
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5-[[4-[[6-(4-氨基-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基]甲氧基]苯基]甲基]-2,4-噻唑烷二酮二盐酸盐 | Inolitazone dihydrochloride | 223132-38-5 | C27H28Cl2N4O4S |
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5-[[4-[(6-氯噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)氨基]-1-哌啶基]甲基]-2-氟苯甲腈 | PRX-08066 free base | 866206-54-4 | C19H17ClFN5S |
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5-[[(2S)-1-乙酰基-2,3-二氢-1H-吲哚-2-基]甲氧基]-3-[叔丁基硫基]-1-[[4-(5-甲氧基-2-嘧啶基)苯基]甲基]-ALPHA,ALPHA-二甲基-1H-吲哚-2-丙酸 | (S)-3-(5-((1-acetylindolin-2-yl)methoxy)-3-(tert-butylthio)-1-(4-(5-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)benzyl)-1H-indol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid | 1206880-66-1 | C40H44N4O5S |
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5-[9-异丙基-2-(4-吗啉基)-9H-嘌呤-6-基]-2-嘧啶胺 | 5-(9-isopropyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-9H-purin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine | 1246535-95-4 | C16H20N8O |
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5-[5-[4-(2-溴-5-氟苯氧基)-1-哌啶基]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基]-2H-四唑-2-乙酸 | (5-{5-[4-(2-bromo-5-fluorophenoxy)piperidin-1-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl}-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)acetic acid | 1030612-87-3 | C16H15BrFN7O3S |
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5-[3-溴-4-(二甲胺基)苯基]-2,3,5,6-四氢-2,2-二甲基苯并[A]菲啶-4(1H)-酮 | 5-(3-bromo-4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[a]phenanthridin-4(1H)-one | 311795-38-7 | C27H27BrN2O |
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5-[3-[4-(2-溴-5-氟苯氧基)-1-哌啶基]-5-异恶唑基]-2H-四唑-2-乙酸三氟乙酸盐 | MK-8245 Trifluoroacetate | 1415559-41-9 | C19H17BrF4N6O6 |
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5-[(叔丁氧基)羰基]-5-氮杂螺[2.3]己烷-1-羧酸 | 5-(Tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-azaspiro[2.3]hexane-1-carboxylic acid | 1251012-82-4 | C11H17NO4 |
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5-[(Z)-(5-氟-1,2-二氢-2-氧代-3H-吲哚-3-亚基)甲基]-N-[(2S)-2-羟基-3-(4-吗啉基)丙基]-2,4-二甲基-1H-吡咯-3-甲酰胺马来酸盐 | SU14813 maleate | 849643-15-8 | C27H31FN4O8 |
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5-[(3-氯苯基)氨基]-苯并[C]-2,6-萘啶-8-羧酸 | silmitasertib | 1009820-21-6 | C19H12ClN3O2 |
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5-Alpha-胆甾烷-3-酮 | dihydrocholesterone | 566-88-1 | C27H46O |
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5-(苯磺酰基)-N-(哌啶-4-基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯磺酰胺; WAY 316606 | 5-(phenylsulfonyl)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide | 915759-45-4 | C18H19F3N2O4S2 |
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5-(苄氧羰基)-2,4-二甲基-3-吡咯丙酸甲酯 | benzyl 4-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrole-2-carboxylate | 20303-31-5 | C18H21NO4 |
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5-(碘乙酰胺基)荧光素 | 5-(iodoacetamido)fluorescein | 63368-54-7 | C22H14INO6 |
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5-(N-叔丁氧羰基氨基)-1-戊醇 | 5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino-1-pentanol | 75178-90-4 | C10H21NO3 |
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5-(FMOC-氨基)-2-氯苯甲酸 | 5-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-chlorobenzoic acid | 186320-16-1 | C22H16ClNO4 |
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5-(BOC-氨基)-2-氯苯甲酸 | 5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-chlorobenzoic acid | 503555-96-2 | C12H14ClNO4 |
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