生化试剂(Biochemical reagent)是指用于生命科学研究的生物材料或有机化合物,以及临床诊断和医学研究所需的各类试剂。它们是从生物体中提取或通过化学合成得到的基本成分,主要用于生物成分的分析鉴定及生物制品的制造。
随着生命科学的发展,生化试剂已成长为一种重要的化学试剂类别,品种繁多,达10000多种。中国市场上销售的生化试剂有2500种。由于生化试剂对温度、湿度和光照敏感,容易丧失活力且保存期较短,因此对其贮存与运输条件要求较高。例如,绝大多数酶试剂需在0~5℃下保存,而某些用于遗传工程研究的酶试剂则需要在-20℃下冷藏。
根据生物体组织中所含物质或代谢过程中产生的物质,生化试剂可以分为氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、核苷酸、核酸、酶、辅酶、糖类、酯类和激素等。此外,按生物学研究的需求,它们还可细分为电泳试剂、色谱试剂、免疫试剂、标记试剂以及组织化学试剂等。
不同用途的生化试剂对纯度和技术要求各不相同。例如,酶试剂通常有粗制酶、结晶酶、多次结晶酶及不含特定杂酶的酶制剂等多种形式。生产生化试剂的方法主要有三种:从生物体中分离和提纯、化学合成以及发酵等。对于生化试剂产品的技术要求包括含量、熔点、冰点、旋光度、含水量、光谱特征、折光性、密度及生物活性等。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | Acid Orange 74 | 10127-27-2 | C16H11CrN5O8S*Na |
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—— | Methylthymol Blue sodium salt | 1945-77-3 | C37H40N2Na4O13S |
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—— | cis-2-Hydroxy-2-phenyl-cyclohexancarbonsaeure | 57808-63-6 | C13H16O3 |
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—— | 1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone, 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, disodium salt | 518-51-4 | C20H12Na2O4 |
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—— | Benzoic acid, 2-[[[(2-hydroxy-5-sulfophenyl)azo]phenylmethylene]hydrazino]- | 62625-22-3 | C20H16N4O6S |
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—— | Surfactin peptide | 24730-31-2 | C53H93N7O13 |
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—— | Xanthylium, 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-, perchlorate | 13161-28-9 | C28H31ClN2O7 |
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—— | Alanine, 3-phenyl-N-tryptophyl-, L- | 6686-02-8 | C20H21N3O3 |
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—— | Bucolan Red GRE | 6408-31-7 | C16H10ClCrN4Na2O9S2-3 |
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—— | Tauroursodeoxycholic acid sodium salt | 6009-98-9 | C26H44NO6S*Na |
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—— | tetrasodium;4-amino-6-[[4-[4-[(8-amino-1-hydroxy-5,7-disulfonatonaphthalen-2-yl)diazenyl]-3-methoxyphenyl]-2-methoxyphenyl]diazenyl]-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate | 2610-05-1 | C34H24N6Na4O16S4 |
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—— | (2,4-Diaminophenyl)-(4-ethoxyphenyl)iminoazanium;chloride | 2313-87-3 | C14H17ClN4O |
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—— | crocein orange G | 1934-20-9 | C16H11N2O4S*Na |
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—— | (2R,5R,9S,10R,11R,12S)-5,12-Dihydroxy-11-methyl-6-methylidene-16-oxo-15-oxapentacyclo[9.3.2.15,8.01,10.02,8]heptadecane-9-carboxylic acid | 545-97-1 | C19H24O6 |
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—— | CX691 | 211735-76-1 | C12H13N3O2 |
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—— | 3-chloro-N-[4-(methylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-[(3-pyridin-4-ylphenyl)methyl]-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide | 912545-86-9 | C28H28ClN3OS |
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—— | 2N,N-Dimethylaminomethylenguanosin | 17331-16-7 | C13H18N6O5 |
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—— | <i>N</i>-L-leucyl-L-aspartic acid | 32949-40-9 | C10H18N2O5 |
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—— | Nutlin-3 | 548472-68-0 | C30H30Cl2N4O4 |
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—— | 3-Benzhydrylsulfanyl-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid | 21947-97-7 | C21H25NO4S |
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—— | Arginylproline | 2418-69-1 | C11H21N5O3 |
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—— | L-Ileu-Asp(NH2)-OH | 59652-59-4 | C10H19N3O4 |
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—— | [N-{[4-(5,9-diethoxy-6-oxo-6,8-dihydro-7H-pyrrolo[3,4-g]quinolin-7-yl)-3-methylbenzyl]sulphonyl}-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide] | 915191-42-3 | C32H33N3O7S |
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—— | vaniprevir | 923590-37-8 | C38H55N5O9S |
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—— | H-89 | 127243-85-0 | C20H20BrN3O2S |
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—— | pigment red 49 | 1248-18-6 | C20H13N2O4S*Na |
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—— | sodium salt of N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-m-toluidine | 82692-93-1 | C12H18NO4S*Na |
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—— | spiculisporic acid | 469-77-2 | C17H28O6 |
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—— | (2R)-1-{4-[(1aR,6r,10bS)-1,1-Difluoro-1,1a,6,10b-tetrahydrodibenzo[a,e]cyclopropa[c]cyclohepten-6-yl]piperazin-1-yl}-3-(quinolin-5-yloxy)propan-2-ol | 167354-41-8 | C32H31F2N3O2 |
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—— | Ponceau S | 6226-79-5 | C22H16N4O13S4 |
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—— | Surfactin | 24730-31-2 | C53H93N7O13 |
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—— | Y-27632 dihydrochloride | 146986-50-7 | C14H21N3O |
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—— | bleomycin | 11056-06-7 | C55H84N17O21S3 |
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—— | Aspartyl-Glutamine | 13433-13-1 | C9H15N3O6 |
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—— | 2-(5-Bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(diethylamino)phenol | 14337-53-2 | C15H17BrN4O |
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—— | (E)-3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-3,4,5,6-tetra-hydro-2,3'-bipyridine dihydrochloride | 156223-05-1 | C19H20N2O2*2ClH |
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—— | Ile-Pro | 37462-92-3 | C11H20N2O3 |
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—— | 4(3H)-Quinazolinone, 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-(6-((diethylamino)methyl)-2-pyridinyl)ethenyl)-6-fluoro- | 199655-36-2 | C26H24ClFN4O |
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—— | Hydride Q resin | 68988-57-8 | C10H26ClO4Si2 |
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—— | Azure B eosinate | 62298-42-4 | C50H38Br4N6O5S2 |
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—— | N-(4-Diazonio-5-methoxy-2-methylbenzoyl)benzenaminide--hydrogen chloride (1/1) | 14726-28-4 | C15H14ClN3O2 |
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—— | (R)-S-cyclopropyl-S-(4-{[4-{[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl]oxy}-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}phenyl)sulphoximide | 1223498-69-8 | C18H21F3N4O3S |
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—— | 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-3,3-bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3<i>H</i>-benz[<i>c</i>][1,2]oxathiol-1,1-dioxide | 77172-72-6 | C19H10Br4O5S |
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—— | N-1R-[3-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-ethyl-N-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-2-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-acetamide | 473719-41-4 | C32H28F3N5O4 |
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—— | gold(1+);3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2-thiolate | 12192-57-3 | C6H11AuO5S |
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—— | 1(4H)-Naphthalenone, 4-[(4-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)phenylmethylene]- | 145-50-6 | C27H18O2 |
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—— | N2-[(1S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N6-(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-diamine | 1239358-86-1 | C21H20FN7 |
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—— | zosuquidar | 167465-36-3 | C32H31F2N3O2 |
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—— | p-Naphtholbenzein | 145-50-6 | C27H18O2 |
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—— | 4-Methylcoumarin-6-ylmethyliminodiacetic acid | 54375-47-2 | C15H15NO6 |
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