生化试剂(Biochemical reagent)是指用于生命科学研究的生物材料或有机化合物,以及临床诊断和医学研究所需的各类试剂。它们是从生物体中提取或通过化学合成得到的基本成分,主要用于生物成分的分析鉴定及生物制品的制造。
随着生命科学的发展,生化试剂已成长为一种重要的化学试剂类别,品种繁多,达10000多种。中国市场上销售的生化试剂有2500种。由于生化试剂对温度、湿度和光照敏感,容易丧失活力且保存期较短,因此对其贮存与运输条件要求较高。例如,绝大多数酶试剂需在0~5℃下保存,而某些用于遗传工程研究的酶试剂则需要在-20℃下冷藏。
根据生物体组织中所含物质或代谢过程中产生的物质,生化试剂可以分为氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、核苷酸、核酸、酶、辅酶、糖类、酯类和激素等。此外,按生物学研究的需求,它们还可细分为电泳试剂、色谱试剂、免疫试剂、标记试剂以及组织化学试剂等。
不同用途的生化试剂对纯度和技术要求各不相同。例如,酶试剂通常有粗制酶、结晶酶、多次结晶酶及不含特定杂酶的酶制剂等多种形式。生产生化试剂的方法主要有三种:从生物体中分离和提纯、化学合成以及发酵等。对于生化试剂产品的技术要求包括含量、熔点、冰点、旋光度、含水量、光谱特征、折光性、密度及生物活性等。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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1-(4-氯-3-(三氟甲基)苯基)-3-(4-(4-氰基苯氧基)苯基)脲 | N-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N'-[4-(4-cyanophenoxy)phenyl]-urea | 1313019-65-6 | C21H13ClF3N3O2 |
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1-(4-氟苯基)-N-[3-氟-4-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-B]吡啶-4-基氧基)苯基]-1,2-二氢-2-氧代-3-吡啶甲酰胺 | BMS-2 | 888719-03-7 | C25H16F2N4O3 |
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1-(4-氟苯基)-2-甲基-2-丙基胺 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylpropan-2-amine | 1200-27-7 | C10H14FN |
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1-(4-哌啶基)乙酮盐酸盐 | 1-(piperidin-4-yl)ethan-1-one hydrochloride | 89895-06-7 | C7H13NO*ClH |
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1-(4-乙氧羰基苯基)-2-(4-氟苄基硫基)-5-(2-乙氧基-5-嘧啶基甲基)-4-嘧啶酮 | GW1100 | 306974-70-9 | C27H25FN4O4S |
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1-(4-(苄基氨基)-7,8-二氢-5H-吡喃并[4,3-D]嘧啶-2-基)-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-4-甲酰胺 | CB-5083 | 1542705-92-9 | C24H23N5O2 |
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1-(4-(2H-四唑-5-基)丁基)-4-(5H-二苯并[A,D][7]环庚烯-5-亚基)哌啶 | 1-(4-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)butyl)-4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-ylidene)piperidine | 162640-98-4 | C25H27N5 |
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1-(4,4-二苯基-3-丁烯)-3-哌啶羧酸盐酸盐 | SKF 89976A | 85375-15-1 | C22H25NO2*ClH |
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1-(3-甲氧基苄基)-3-[4-(吡啶-4-基)噻唑-2-基]脲 | 1-(3-methoxybenzyl)-3-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)thiazol-2-yl)urea | 1342276-76-9 | C17H16N4O2S |
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1-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-4-[(5-硝基-2-呋喃基)亚甲基]-3,5-吡唑烷二酮 | 1-(3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4-[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]-3,5-pyrazolidinedione | 423148-78-1 | C14H7ClFN3O5 |
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1-(3,6-二溴-9h-咔唑-9-基)-3-(二甲基氨基)-2-丙醇 | Wiskostatin | 253449-04-6 | C17H18Br2N2O |
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1-(3,6-二溴-9H-咔唑-9-基)-3-(苯基氨基)丙-2-醇 | 1-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3-(phenylamino)propan-2-ol | 301353-96-8 | C21H18Br2N2O |
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1-(3,4-二氯苯基)-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4-(4-吗啉基)-1H-吡咯-2,5-二酮 | 1-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyrrole-2,5-dione | 1417162-36-7 | C21H18Cl2N2O4 |
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1-(2-羟基-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2(3h)-酮 | NS 1619 | 153587-01-0 | C15H8F6N2O2 |
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1-(2-羟乙基)-2-硫代咪唑烷酮 | N-(2'-hydroxyethyl)imidazoline-2-thione | 932-49-0 | C5H10N2OS |
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1-(2-甲基-1,3-苯并恶唑-6-基)-3-(1,5-萘啶-4-基)脲 | SB 334867A | 249889-64-3 | C17H13N5O2*ClH |
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1-(2-氟-5-硝基苯基)-N-甲基-N-(1-甲基丙基)-3-异喹啉甲酰胺 | N-butan-2-yl-1-(2-fluoro-5-nitrophenyl)-N-methylisoquinoline-3-carboxamide | 107257-28-3 | C21H20FN3O3 |
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1-(2-二苯基甲氧基乙基)-4-(3-苯基丙基)哌嗪双盐酸盐 | GBR 12935 dihydrochloride | 67469-81-2 | C28H36Cl2N2O |
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1-(2-((3R,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-羟基-3,13-二甲基十六氢-1H-环戊二烯并[a]菲-17-基)-2-氧代乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲腈 | zuranolone | 1632051-40-1 | C25H35N3O2 |
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1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-N-1-哌啶基-4-[[(1-吡咯烷基磺酰基)氨基]甲基]-5-[5-[2-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]乙炔基]-2-噻吩基]-1H-吡唑-3-甲酰胺 | 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-4-((pyrrolidine-1-sulfonamido)methyl)-5-(5-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethynyl)thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide | 1429239-98-4 | C33H31Cl2F3N6O3S2 |
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1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-N-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,5-二氢-N-异丙基-5-氧代-4H-1,2,4-三氮唑-4-甲酰胺 | Ipfencarbazone | 212201-70-2 | C18H14Cl2F2N4O2 |
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1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-(4-碘苯基)-4-甲基-N-吗啉-1H-吡唑-3-甲酰胺 | N-(morpholin-4-yl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide | 202463-68-1 | C21H19Cl2IN4O2 |
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1-(2,3-二氢-1,4-苯并二烷-5-基)哌嗪盐酸盐 | eltoprazine | 98224-03-4 | C12H16N2O2 |
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1-(2,3-二氢-1,4-苯并二恶烷-5-基)-4-[[5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基]甲基]哌嗪 | Adoprazine | 222551-17-9 | C24H24FN3O2 |
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1-(1-(1-(乙基磺酰基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-N-((4-甲氧基-6-甲基-2-氧代-1,2-二氢吡啶-3-基)甲基)-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-甲酰胺 | 1-(1-(1-(ethylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl)ethyl)-N-((4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide | 1450655-76-1 | C27H36N4O5S |
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1,5-酐-2,3-双脱氧-3-[[(1R,3S)-3-[[7,8-二氢-3-(三氟甲基)-1,6-萘啶-6(5H)-基]羰基]-3-(1-甲基乙基)环己基]氨基]-4-O-甲基-D-赤式-戊糖醇 | MK0812 | 624733-88-6 | C24H34F3N3O3 |
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1,5-双(5-氧代-3-丙基异恶唑-4-基)五甲川氧杂菁 | (4Z)-4-[(2E,4E)-5-(5-oxo-3-propyl-2H-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)penta-2,4-dienylidene]-3-propyl-1,2-oxazol-5-one | 64724-75-0 | C17H20N2O4 |
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1,5-二氢-6-[(3S,4S)-4-甲基-1-苄基-3-吡咯烷基]-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-4H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-酮 | 6-((3S,4S)-1-benzyl-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one | 1082743-70-1 | C22H27N5O2 |
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1,4-二氨基-2,3-二氰基-1,4-双(邻氨基苯巯基)丁二烯 | 1,4-Diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis(2-aminophenylthio)butadiene | 109511-58-2 | C18H16N6S2 |
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1,4-二氨基-2,3-二氰基-1,4-双(邻氨基苯巯基)丁二烯 | U0126 | 218601-62-8 | C18H16N6S2 |
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1,4-二氢-2,6-二甲基-5-硝基-4-(2-[三氟甲基]苯基)吡啶-3-羧酸甲酯 | 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 71145-03-4 | C16H15F3N2O4 |
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1,3-双((三羟甲基)甲基氨基)丙烷 | 1,3-bis[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]-propane | 64431-96-5 | C11H26N2O6 |
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1,3-二氢-8-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-3-吡啶基]-1-[(2S)-2-甲氧基丙基]-3-甲基-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮 | 8-[5-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)pyridin-3-yl]-1-[(2S)-2-methoxypropyl]-3-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-2-one | 1386874-06-1 | C23H26N4O3 |
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1,3-二氢-1-[1-[[4-(6-苯基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-G]喹喔啉-7-基)苯基]甲基]-4-哌啶基]-2H-苯并咪唑-2-酮 | Akt inhibitor VIII | 612847-09-3 | C34H29N7O |
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1,3-二丁基-5-[5-(1,3-二丁基六氢-2,4,6-三氧代-5-嘧啶基)-2,4-戊二烯-1-亚基]-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)嘧啶三酮 | Bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid)pentamethine oxonol | 63560-89-4 | C29H42N4O6 |
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1,3-二(4-氨基苯基)脲 | N,N'-bis(4-aminophenyl)urea | 4550-72-5 | C13H14N4O |
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1,3,5-三硝基苯 | TNB | 99-35-4 | C6H3N3O6 |
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1,2-二肉豆蔻酰-sn-甘油 | 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol | 60562-16-5 | C31H60O5 |
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1,2-二氢-2-[6-(4-吗啉基)-4-嘧啶基]-4-(1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基)-3H-吡唑-3-一 | molidustat | 1154028-82-6 | C13H14N8O2 |
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1,2-二亚油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱 | 1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | 998-06-1 | C44H80NO8P |
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1,2-二丁酰-Sn-甘油-3-磷酰胆碱 | 1,2-dibutyroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | 3355-26-8 | C16H32NO8P |
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1,2,3,6-四氢-1,3-二甲基-2,6-二氧代-N-(6-苯基-3-哒嗪基)-7H-嘌呤-7-乙酰胺 | 2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)-N-(6-phenylpyridazin-3-yl)acetamide | 1638250-96-0 | C19H17N7O3 |
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1,2,3,4-四氢-1-(1-萘基甲基)-6,7-异喹啉二醇氢溴酸盐 | 1-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol Hydrobromide | 132836-42-1 | C20H20BrNO2 |
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1,1’-双十八烷基-3,3,3’,3’-四甲基吲哚二碳菁高氯酸盐 | 2-[(2E,4E)-5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecylindol-1-ium-2-yl)penta-2,4-dienylidene]-3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecylindole;perchlorate | 127274-91-3 | C61H99ClN2O4 |
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1,1’,3,3,3’,3’-六甲基吲哚双碳菁碘 | 1,1',3,3,3',3'-hexamethylindodicarbocyanine iodide | 36536-22-8 | C27H31N2*I |
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1,10-菲罗啉 | 1,10-Phenanthroline | 66-71-7 | C12H8N2 |
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1',3'-二氢-2H-螺[咪唑并[1,2-A]吡啶-3,2'-茚]-2-酮 | ZSET1446 | 887603-94-3 | C15H12N2O |
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-联苯]-4-基甲基)-6-苯基-3-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三嗪-5-胺 | ML228 | 1357171-62-0 | C27H21N5 |
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-[3-甲基-4-[[[((R)-1-苯基乙基)氧基]羰基]氨基]异恶唑-5-基]联苯-4-基]环丙烷羧酸 | BMS-986020 | 1257213-50-5 | C29H26N2O5 |
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(丙基碳酰基硫乙基)三甲基碘化铵 | Butyrylthiocholine iodide | 1866-16-6 | C9H20NOS*I |
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