生化试剂
生化试剂（Biochemical reagent）是指用于生命科学研究的生物材料或有机化合物，以及临床诊断和医学研究所需的各类试剂。它们是从生物体中提取或通过化学合成得到的基本成分，主要用于生物成分的分析鉴定及生物制品的制造。
随着生命科学的发展，生化试剂已成长为一种重要的化学试剂类别，品种繁多，达10000多种。中国市场上销售的生化试剂有2500种。由于生化试剂对温度、湿度和光照敏感，容易丧失活力且保存期较短，因此对其贮存与运输条件要求较高。例如，绝大多数酶试剂需在0～5℃下保存，而某些用于遗传工程研究的酶试剂则需要在-20℃下冷藏。
根据生物体组织中所含物质或代谢过程中产生的物质，生化试剂可以分为氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、核苷酸、核酸、酶、辅酶、糖类、酯类和激素等。此外，按生物学研究的需求，它们还可细分为电泳试剂、色谱试剂、免疫试剂、标记试剂以及组织化学试剂等。
不同用途的生化试剂对纯度和技术要求各不相同。例如，酶试剂通常有粗制酶、结晶酶、多次结晶酶及不含特定杂酶的酶制剂等多种形式。生产生化试剂的方法主要有三种：从生物体中分离和提纯、化学合成以及发酵等。对于生化试剂产品的技术要求包括含量、熔点、冰点、旋光度、含水量、光谱特征、折光性、密度及生物活性等。
下级分类
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Ethanone, 1-(7,8-dihydro-2-((9-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-9H-pyrido(4',3':4,5)pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-1,6-naphthyridin-6(5H)-yl)-2-hydroxy- | 1401033-86-0 | C26H29N7O2 |
| —— | (Thiene-2,5-diyl)bis(methylene) dicarbamimidothioate--hydrogen chloride (1/1) | 2076-91-7 | C8H13ClN4S3 |
| —— | L-Valinamide,N-dimethyl-L-valyl-N-[2-methoxy-4-[2-[1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-3-[[2-phenyl-1-(2-thiazolyl)ethyl] amino]propyl]-1-pyrrolidinyl]-1-(1-methylpropyl)-4-oxobutyl]-N-methyl-, [2S-[1[1R*(R*),2S*],2R*[1S*,2S*,3(R*)]]]- | 110417-88-4 | C42H68N6O6S |
| —— | sodium;3-[(2Z)-2-[(E)-4-(1,3-dibutyl-4,6-dioxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinan-5-ylidene)but-2-enylidene]-1,3-benzoxazol-3-yl]propane-1-sulfonic acid | 62796-23-0 | C26H33N3NaO6S2+ |
| —— | Blenoxane (TN) (Bristol Meyers) | 9041-93-4 | C55H85N17O25S4 |
| —— | Disodium pamoate monohydrate | 71607-30-2 | C23H16Na2O7 |
| —— | Sancycline | 808-26-4 | C21H22N2O7 |
| —— | N-L-Valyl-L-serine | 13588-94-8 | C8H16N2O4 |
| —— | P1,P5-Di(adenosine-5')pentaphosphate trilithium salt | 75522-97-3 | C20H26Li3N10O22P5 |
| —— | Sodium alpha-(3,5-dibromo-2-methyl-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadienylidene)-alpha-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)toluenesulphonate | 62625-32-5 | C21H13Br4NaO5S |
| —— | (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,8R,9R,10S,11R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,7,8,10,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 89590-98-7 | C66H112O34 |
| —— | Vidofludimus calcium anhydrous | 717824-30-1 | C40H34CaF2N2O8 |
| —— | (R)-(+)-Etomoxir sodium salt | 828934-41-4 | C15H18ClNaO4 |
| —— | Lefamulin | 1061337-51-6 | C28H45NO5S |
| —— | 3-Acetyl-3,5,12-trihydroxy-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracen-1-yl 2,3,6-trideoxy-3-[({[4-(beta-D-galactopyranosyloxy)-3-nitrophenyl]methoxy}carbonyl)amino]-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranoside | 290304-24-4 | C41H44N2O20 |
| —— | Potassium O-[(3aR,4R,5S,7R)-octahydro-1H-4,7-methanoinden-5-yl] carbonodithioate | 1096687-52-3 | C11H15KOS2 |
| —— | Sodium 5-chloro-3-(ethyl(phenyl)carbamoyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-olate | 248282-07-7 | C19H17ClN2NaO3 |
| —— | Bavisant (dihydrochloride) | 929622-09-3 | C19H29Cl2N3O2 |
| —— | 518-51-4 | C20H14NaO4 | |
| —— | N-L-Alanyl-L-histidine | 3253-17-6 | C9H14N4O3 |
| —— | CC-115 hydrochloride | 1300118-55-1 | C16H17ClN8O |
| —— | |A-Naphthyl acid phosphate monosodium salt | 2183-17-7 | C10H9NaO4P |
| —— | 20,25-Diazacholesterol hydrochloride | 1249-84-9 | C25H45ClN2O |
| —— | RGX-104 | 610318-03-1 | C34H33ClF3NO3*ClH |
| —— | D-Valyl-L-glutamic acid | 3062-07-5 | C10H18N2O5 |
| —— | N-Acetylleucyl-alpha-glutamylhistidyl-N-[2-oxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl]-alpha-asparagine | 210345-03-2 | C33H38F3N7O11 |
| —— | N-Acetylisoleucyl-alpha-glutamylthreonyl-N-[2-oxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl]-alpha-asparagine | 211990-57-7 | C31H38F3N5O12 |
| —— | methyl (3S)-5-fluoro-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-methoxy-2-[[(2S)-3-methyl-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)butanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-4-oxopentanoate | 210344-92-6 | C32H46FN5O11 |
| —— | Quarfloxin, (R)- | 783361-78-4 | C35H33FN6O3 |
| —— | Phenylalanyl-leucyl-leucyl-arginyl-asparagine | 141136-84-7 | C31H51N9O7 |
| —— | Thymidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), trisodium salt | 95648-78-5 | C30H45N6Na3O33P6 |
| —— | 5-Methylcyclocytidine hydrochloride | 51391-96-9 | C10H14ClN3O4 |
| —— | (2R)-3-[(2S,8S)-2-[(E)-4-[(2S,2'R,4aS,6R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[1-hydroxy-3-[(2S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid | 78111-17-8 | C44H68O13 |
| —— | 1-(6-chloro-5-trifluoromethoxy-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid | 1193383-09-3 | C12H6ClF3N4O3 |
| —— | MG-132 | 1211877-36-9 | C26H41N3O5 |
| —— | Sonidegib Phosphate | 1218778-77-8 | C26H32F3N3O11P2 |
| —— | Varenicline dihydrochloride | 249296-44-4 | C13H15Cl2N3 |
| —— | (2R)-3-[(2R,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,2'R,4R,4aS,6S,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid | 78111-17-8 | C44H68O13 |
| —— | Prexasertib dihydrochloride | 1234015-54-3 | C18H21Cl2N7O2 |
| —— | Fmoc-(2R,3S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid | 1217833-77-6 | C21H23NO5 |
| —— | (R)-2-Amino-2-(2-chlorophenyl)acetic acid hydrochloride | 1045712-21-7 | C8H9Cl2NO2 |
| —— | 1-(1-[(2S)-2-hydroxypropanoyl]piperidin-4-yl)-3-methyl-8-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-c][1,5]naphthyridin-2-one | 1220699-06-8 | C24H26N6O3 |
| —— | (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,1R)-3-[(2S,2'R,4R,6R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylene-spiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-tetrahydrofuran]-2'-yl]-1-methyl-allyl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propanoic acid | 78111-17-8 | C44H68O13 |
| —— | (17α,20E)-17,20-[(1-methoxyethylidene)bis(oxy)]-3-oxo-19-norpregna-4,20-diene-21-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 1370003-76-1 | C25H34O6 |
| —— | (1-(3,4-difluorobenzyl)-2-oxo-N-{1(R)-2-[(2-oxo2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)oxy]-1-phenylethyl}-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide) | 1001409-50-2 | C28H22F2N4O4 |
| —— | Ro 67-7476 | 298690-60-5 | C17H18FNO2S |
| —— | (2R)-2-hydroxy-3-[(6R)-11-hydroxy-2-[4-[(6R)-4-hydroxy-2-[1-hydroxy-3-[(6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid | 78111-17-8 | C44H68O13 |
| —— | Gadolinium-DO3A-butriol | 138071-82-6 | C18H31GdN4O9 |
| —— | (2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-(4-Acetamido-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-2-((bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)methyl)-4-methoxytetrahydrofuran-3-yl (2-cyanoethyl) diisopropylphosphoramidite | 199593-09-4 | C42H52N5O9P |
| —— | (5R)-2-methylspiro[1,3-oxathiolane-5,3'-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane];hydrate;dihydrochloride | 153504-70-2 | C20H38Cl2N2O3S2 |
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