生化试剂(Biochemical reagent)是指用于生命科学研究的生物材料或有机化合物,以及临床诊断和医学研究所需的各类试剂。它们是从生物体中提取或通过化学合成得到的基本成分,主要用于生物成分的分析鉴定及生物制品的制造。
随着生命科学的发展,生化试剂已成长为一种重要的化学试剂类别,品种繁多,达10000多种。中国市场上销售的生化试剂有2500种。由于生化试剂对温度、湿度和光照敏感,容易丧失活力且保存期较短,因此对其贮存与运输条件要求较高。例如,绝大多数酶试剂需在0~5℃下保存,而某些用于遗传工程研究的酶试剂则需要在-20℃下冷藏。
根据生物体组织中所含物质或代谢过程中产生的物质,生化试剂可以分为氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、核苷酸、核酸、酶、辅酶、糖类、酯类和激素等。此外,按生物学研究的需求,它们还可细分为电泳试剂、色谱试剂、免疫试剂、标记试剂以及组织化学试剂等。
不同用途的生化试剂对纯度和技术要求各不相同。例如,酶试剂通常有粗制酶、结晶酶、多次结晶酶及不含特定杂酶的酶制剂等多种形式。生产生化试剂的方法主要有三种:从生物体中分离和提纯、化学合成以及发酵等。对于生化试剂产品的技术要求包括含量、熔点、冰点、旋光度、含水量、光谱特征、折光性、密度及生物活性等。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(S)-2-((S)-2,6-二氨基己酰氨基)-3-甲基丁酸 | Lys-Val | 20556-11-0 | C11H23N3O3 |
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(S)-2-((((9h-芴-9-基)甲氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲氧基丙酸 | Fmoc-Ser(Me)-OH | 159610-93-2 | C19H19NO5 |
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(S)-2-((((9H-芴-9-基)甲氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-(4-((双(苄氧基)磷酰基)氧基)苯基)丙酸 | N<sup>2</sup>-<<(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy>carbonyl>-O<sup>4</sup>-<bis(benzyloxy)phosphoryl>-L-tyrosine | 134150-51-9 | C38H34NO8P |
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(S)-1-[5-[2-氟苯基]-2-甲基噻唑-4-基]-1-[2-[[5-苯基-[1,3,4]恶二唑-2-基]甲基]吡咯烷-1-基]甲酮 | [5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-[(2S)-2-[(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]methanone | 483313-22-0 | C24H21FN4O2S |
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(S)-1-N-Boc-2-吡咯烷甲腈 | tert-butyl (2S)-2-cyanopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 228244-04-0 | C10H16N2O2 |
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(S)-1-(1-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-2-羟乙基)-4-(2-((1-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基)氨基)嘧啶-4-基)吡啶-2(1H)-酮 | GDC-0994 | 1453848-26-4 | C21H18ClFN6O2 |
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(S)-(+)-布洛芬 | (S)-ibuprofen | 51146-56-6 | C13H18O2 |
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(R)-萘普生 | (R)-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)propionic acid | 23979-41-1 | C14H14O3 |
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(R)-boc-5,5-二甲基-1,3-噻唑烷-4-羧酸 | (tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-L-5,5-dimethylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid | 117918-23-7 | C11H19NO4S |
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(R)-alpha-[[叔丁氧羰基]甲基氨基]苯乙酸 | (R)-1-(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-methylamino)-1-phenylacetic acid | 30925-12-3 | C14H19NO4 |
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(R)-N-Fmoc-2-(2'-丙烯基)-丙氨酸 | (R)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-methylpent-4-enoic acid | 288617-76-5 | C21H21NO4 |
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(R)-N-FMOC-2-氨基-3-羟基-3-甲基丁酸 | Fmoc-D-OHVal | 884880-39-1 | C20H21NO5 |
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(R)-5,6-二氢-5-(甲基氨基)-4H-咪唑并[4,5,1-ij]喹啉-2(1H)-酮马来酸盐 | Sumanirole maleate | 179386-44-8 | C4H4O4*C11H13N3O |
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(R)-4A-(乙氧基甲基)-1-(4-氟苯基)-6-((4-(三氟甲基)苯基)磺酰基)-4,4A,5,6,7,8-六氢-1H-吡唑并[3,4-G]异喹啉 | (R)-4-a-ethoxymethyl-1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzenesulfonyl)-4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H,1,2,6-triaza-cyclopenta[b]naphthalene | 1018679-79-2 | C26H25F4N3O3S |
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(R)-4-(2-(2-(2-甲基吡咯烷-1-基)乙基)苯并呋喃-5-基)苯甲腈 | 4-{2-[2-(2R-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]benzofuran-5-yl}benzonitrile | 460746-46-7 | C22H22N2O |
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(R)-4-((二乙基氨基)甲基)-n-(2-甲氧基苯乙基)-n-(吡咯烷-3-基)苯甲酰胺 | PF-429242 | 947303-87-9 | C25H35N3O2 |
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(R)-3-BOC-噻唑烷基-2-羧酸 | (R)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 125471-00-3 | C9H15NO4S |
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(R)-3,4-二氢-7-羟基-2,3(1H)-异喹啉二甲酸2-芴甲基酯 | (R)-7-Hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl) ester | 178432-50-3 | C25H21NO5 |
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(R)-2-(7-(4-环戊基-3-(三氟甲基)苄氧基)-1,2,3,4-四氢环戊并[b]吲哚-3-基)乙酸 | (R)-2-(7-(4-cyclopentyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyloxy)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]indol-3-yl)acetic acid | 1206123-37-6 | C26H26F3NO3 |
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(R)-2- [N-(N-苄基脯氨酰)氨基]二苯甲酮 | (S)-N-(2-benzoylphenyl)-1-benzylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide | 96293-17-3 | C25H24N2O2 |
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(R)-1-芴甲氧羰基哌啶-3-甲酸 | (R)-1-{[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}piperidine-3-carboxylic acid | 193693-67-3 | C21H21NO4 |
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(R)-1-(Boc-氨基)-2-丙醇 | tert-butyl [(2R)-2-hydroxypropyl]carbamate | 119768-44-4 | C8H17NO3 |
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(R)-(-)-3-甲基-2-丁胺 | (2R)-3-methyl-2-butylamine | 34701-33-2 | C5H13N |
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(R)-(+)-阿替洛尔 | (+)-(R)-atenolol | 56715-13-0 | C14H22N2O3 |
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(Fmoc-氨基)-PEG12-C2-羧酸 | Fmoc-NH-(PEG)12-COOH | 1952360-91-6 | C42H65NO16 |
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(E)-N5-(氨基{[(2,2,5,7,8-五甲基-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-6-基)磺酰基]氨基}亚甲基)-N2-{[(2-甲基-2-丙基)氧基]羰基}-L-鸟氨酸 | Boc-Arg(Pmc)-OH | 200125-12-8 | C25H40N4O7S |
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(E)-3-甲基-4-氧代-2-丁烯酸 | (E)-3-methyl-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid | 54168-84-2 | C5H6O3 |
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(E)-3-[4-[(E)-2-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-1-(1H-吲唑-5-基)丁-1-烯-1-基]苯基]-2-丙烯酸 | GDC-0810 | 1365888-06-7 | C26H20ClFN2O2 |
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(E)-3-[3,5-二氟-4-[(1R,3R)-2-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)-3-甲基-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-B]吲哚-1-基]苯基]丙烯酸 | AZD9496 | 1639042-08-2 | C25H25F3N2O2 |
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(E)-1-[(1S)-1-(4-氟苯基)乙基]-3-[3-甲氧基-4-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)亚苄基]哌啶-2-酮 | (E)-1-[(1S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-3-[3-methoxy-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzylidene]piperidin-2-one | 870843-42-8 | C25H26FN3O2 |
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(DIPHENYLMETHOXY)GBR-12935,1-(2-乙基)-4-(3-苯丙基)哌嗪 | 1-(2-benzhydryloxy-ethyl)-4-(3-phenyl-propyl)-piperazine | 76778-22-8 | C28H34N2O |
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(ALPHAS)-ALPHA-[[[5-(3-甲基-1H-吲唑-5-基)-3-吡啶基]氧基]甲基]-(S)-1H-吲哚-3-乙胺 | (2S)-1-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-[5-(3-methyl-2H-indazol-5-yl)pyridin-3-yl]oxypropan-2-amine | 552325-16-3 | C24H23N5O |
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(ALPHAS)-3'-氯-ALPHA-[[(1S)-2-乙氧基-1-甲基-2-氧代乙基]氨基][1,1'-联苯]-4-丙酸 | (S)-3-(3'-chlorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-((S)-1-ethoxycarbonylethylamino)propionic acid | 1308256-94-1 | C20H22ClNO4 |
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(9Z,11E)-13-氧代-9,11-十八碳二烯酸 | 13-oxo-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid | 54739-30-9 | C18H30O3 |
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(9CI)-5-氯-6-[(2-亚氨基-1-吡咯烷)甲基]-2,4(1H,3H)-嘧啶二酮盐酸盐 | 5-chloro-6-[1-(2-iminopyrrolidinyl)methyl]uracil hydrochloride | 183204-72-0 | C9H11ClN4O2*ClH |
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(8S,10S)-8-乙酰基-7,8,9,10-四氢-6,8,11-三羟基-1-甲氧基-10-[[2,3,6-三脱氧-3-[[[[4-(beta-D-吡喃半乳糖基氧基)-3-硝基苯基]甲氧基]羰基]氨基]-alpha-L-来苏-己糖吡喃糖苷]氧基]-5,12-并四苯醌 | [3-Nitro-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl N-[(2S,3S,4S,6R)-6-[[(1S,3S)-3-acetyl-3,5,12-trihydroxy-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-2,4-dihydro-1H-tetracen-1-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-4-yl]carbamate | 290304-24-4 | C41H44N2O20 |
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(8R,9S)-5-氟-8-(4-氟苯基)-2,7,8,9-四氢-9-(1-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)-3H-吡啶并[4,3,2-de]酞嗪-3-酮 | (8R,9S)-5-fluoro-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-9-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-8,9-dihydro-2H-pyrido[4,3 ,2-de] phthalazin-3(7H)-one | 1207456-00-5 | C19H14F2N6O |
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(6aR)-3-异丙基-1-(甲基磺酰基)-4-[(2E)-4-(1-哌啶基)-2-丁烯酰]六氢吡咯并[3,2-b]吡咯-2(1H)-酮盐酸盐(1:1) | Pyrrolo(3,2-b)pyrrol-2(1H)-one, hexahydro-3-(1-methylethyl)-1-(methylsulfonyl)-4-((2E)-1-oxo-4-(1-piperidinyl)-2-butenyl)-, (3S,3aS,6aR)- | 198062-54-3 | C19H31N3O4S |
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(6R)-6-[[[(4-氯苯基)磺酰基]氨基]-5,6,7,8-四氢-2-甲基-1-萘丙酸 | Terutroban | 165538-40-9 | C20H22ClNO4S |
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(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-N-环丙基-5,8,11,14-二十碳四烯酰胺 | arachidonylcyclopropylamide | 229021-64-1 | C23H37NO |
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(5Z,8Z,10E,12R,14Z)-12-羟基-5,8,10,14-二十碳四烯酸 | 12(R)-HETE | 82337-46-0 | C20H32O3 |
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(5S,6s)-二羟基-(7e,9e,11z,14z)-二十四烯酸 | 5S,6R-di-HETE | 82948-88-7 | C20H32O4 |
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(5R)-5-[(7-氯-1H-吲哚-3-基)甲基]-3-甲基-2,4-咪唑烷二酮 | (R)-5-((7-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-3-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione | 852391-19-6 | C13H12ClN3O2 |
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(5R)-2,2,3-三甲基-5-苯基甲基-4-咪唑啉酮盐酸盐 | (5R)-5-benzyl-2,2,3-trimethyl-4-oxoimidazolidin-1-ium chloride | 323196-43-6 | C13H18N2O*ClH |
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(5E,9E,11E,13E)-8,15-二羟基-5,9,11,13-二十碳四烯酸 | 8(S),15(S),5Z,9,11,13E-diHETE | 80234-66-8 | C20H32O4 |
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(5-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-2-基)苯基甲酮 | (5-methoxy-1H-indol-2-yl)(phenyl)methanone | 74588-78-6 | C16H13NO2 |
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(4R)-甘氨酰基-4-(苯甲酰基氨基)-L-脯氨酸盐酸盐 | Danegaptide hydrochloride | 943133-81-1 | C14H17N3O4*ClH |
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(4R)-4-[[叔丁氧羰基]氨基]-5-[(2,5-二氧代-1-吡咯烷基)氧基]-5-氧代戊酸苄酯 | Boc-D-Glu(OBzl)-OSu | 18800-76-5 | C21H26N2O8 |
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(4E)-2-碘-4-[5-[6-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基]-1,3-二氢苯并咪唑-2-亚基]环己-2,5-二烯-1-酮 | monoiodoHoechst 33258 | 106050-84-4 | C25H23IN6O |
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(4-环丙基哌嗪-1-基)-[4-(吗啉-4-基甲基)苯基]甲酮 | Bavisant | 929622-08-2 | C19H27N3O2 |
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