生化试剂(Biochemical reagent)是指用于生命科学研究的生物材料或有机化合物,以及临床诊断和医学研究所需的各类试剂。它们是从生物体中提取或通过化学合成得到的基本成分,主要用于生物成分的分析鉴定及生物制品的制造。
随着生命科学的发展,生化试剂已成长为一种重要的化学试剂类别,品种繁多,达10000多种。中国市场上销售的生化试剂有2500种。由于生化试剂对温度、湿度和光照敏感,容易丧失活力且保存期较短,因此对其贮存与运输条件要求较高。例如,绝大多数酶试剂需在0~5℃下保存,而某些用于遗传工程研究的酶试剂则需要在-20℃下冷藏。
根据生物体组织中所含物质或代谢过程中产生的物质,生化试剂可以分为氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、核苷酸、核酸、酶、辅酶、糖类、酯类和激素等。此外,按生物学研究的需求,它们还可细分为电泳试剂、色谱试剂、免疫试剂、标记试剂以及组织化学试剂等。
不同用途的生化试剂对纯度和技术要求各不相同。例如,酶试剂通常有粗制酶、结晶酶、多次结晶酶及不含特定杂酶的酶制剂等多种形式。生产生化试剂的方法主要有三种:从生物体中分离和提纯、化学合成以及发酵等。对于生化试剂产品的技术要求包括含量、熔点、冰点、旋光度、含水量、光谱特征、折光性、密度及生物活性等。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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丙咪嗪 | Imipramine hydrochloride | 113-52-0 | C19H24N2*ClH |
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丙二醛 | Malondialdehyde | 542-78-9 | C3H4O2 |
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专利兰VF(二硫蓝) | 20262-76-4 | C27H32N2NaO7S2 |
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三甲曲沙 | trimetrexate | 52128-35-5 | C19H23N5O3 |
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三氟甲基苯砜 | (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)benzene | 426-58-4 | C7H5F3O2S |
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丁酸觅糖苷 | 3-carboxypropyl O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1->4)-2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside | 116112-82-4 | C30H42O20 |
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丁氧羰基-L-7-羟基-1,2,3,4-四氢化异喹啉-3-羧酸 | (S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-7-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | 142335-42-0 | C15H19NO5 |
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丁氧羰基-D-二氨基二酸羟基 | (R)-2-tert-butoxycarbonyl-3-aminopropionic acid | 76387-70-7 | C8H16N2O4 |
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丁基葡糖苷 | n-butyl β-D-glucopyranoside | 5391-18-4 | C10H20O6 |
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一甲基澳瑞他汀E | MMAE | 474645-27-7 | C39H67N5O7 |
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β-甘油磷酸钠 | 819-83-0 | C3H9O6P.2Na |
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β-烟碱L-酒石酸盐 | beta-Nicotyrine L-tartrate | 4315-37-1 | C14H16N2O6 |
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α-萘黄酮 | α-naphtoflavone | 604-59-1 | C19H12O2 |
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{4-[(双{[1-(2-甲基-2-丙基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-基]甲基}氨基)甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基}乙酸 | BTTAA | 1334179-85-9 | C19H30N10O2 |
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{4-[(5,6-二苯基-2-吡嗪)(异丙基)氨基]丁氧基}乙酸 | MRE-269 | 475085-57-5 | C25H29N3O3 |
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l-冬胺基乙酸-l-苯丙胺基乙酸 | Asp-Phe-OH | 13433-09-5 | C13H16N2O5 |
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gamma-D-谷氨酰-L-色氨酸 | (2R)-2-amino-5-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-indo-3-yl)ethyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid | 229305-39-9 | C16H19N3O5 |
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beta-苦茄碱 | β-solamarine | 3671-38-3 | C45H73NO15 |
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beta-L-葡萄糖五乙酸酯 | β-D-glucose pentaacetate | 66966-07-2 | C16H22O11 |
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alpha-纳富妥苯 | (E/Z)-4-<(4-Hydroxy-1-naphthyl)phenylmethylen>-1(4H)-naphthalinon | 145-50-6 | C27H18O2 |
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alpha-[[羟基(2-苯基乙酰)氨基]甲基]苯丙酸 | CPA inhibitor | 223532-02-3 | C18H19NO4 |
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alpha-[2-[[2-(3-吡啶基)乙基]氨基]-4-嘧啶基]-2-苯并噻唑乙腈 | AS601245 | 345987-15-7 | C20H16N6S |
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[(E)-[4-(4-氟苯氧基)苯基]亚甲基亚氨基]脲 | 4-(4-fluorophenoxy)-benzaldehyde semicarbazone | 181144-66-1 | C14H12FN3O2 |
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[(3aR,6E,9S,9aR,10R,11aS)-6-[[双(丙-2-烯基)氨基]亚甲基]-5-羟基-9-(甲氧基甲基)-9a,11a-二甲基-1,4,7-三氧代-2,3,3a,9,10,11-六氢茚并[4,5-h]异色n-10-基]乙酸酯 | DJM2-166 | 502632-66-8 | C29H35NO8 |
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[[(1-氯-4-羟基异喹啉-3-基)羰基]氨基]乙酸 | 2-(1-chloro-4-hydroxyisoquinoline-3-carboxamido)acetic acid | 223387-75-5 | C12H9ClN2O4 |
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[6-碘-2-甲基-1-[2-(4-吗啉基)乙基]-1H-吲哚-3-基](4-甲氧基苯基)甲酮 | 6-iodo-2-methyl-1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl(4-methoxy-phenyl)methanone | 164178-33-0 | C23H25IN2O3 |
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[6-(2-氨基-5-苯并噁唑基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基]-4-吗啉-甲酮 | (6-(2-aminobenzo[d]oxazol-5-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)(morpholino)methanone | 1268454-23-4 | C19H17N5O3 |
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[4-[[5-氟-4-[2-甲基-1-(1-甲基乙基)-1H-咪唑-5-基]-2-嘧啶基]氨基]苯基][(3S)-3-(甲氨基)-1-吡咯烷]甲酮 | AZD5597 | 924641-59-8 | C23H28FN7O |
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[4-[[1-[(3-氟苯基)甲基]-1H-吲唑-5-基]氨基]-5-甲基吡咯并[2,1-F][1,2,4]三嗪-6-基]氨基甲酸(3S)-3-吗啉基甲基酯盐酸盐 | BMS-599626 | 873837-23-1 | C27H27FN8O3*ClH |
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[4-[(羟基氨基)羰基]苯基]氨基甲酸 [6-[(二乙基氨基)甲基]-2-萘基]甲酯 | Givinostat | 497833-27-9 | C24H27N3O4 |
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[4-[(叔丁氧羰基)氨基]哌啶-1-基]乙酸 | piperidin-N-acetic acid 4-yl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 299203-94-4 | C12H22N2O4 |
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[4-(2-氯-4-硝基苯基)-1-哌嗪基](5-甲基-3-苯基-4-异恶唑基)甲酮 | (4-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)(5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol-4-yl)methanone | 341001-38-5 | C21H19ClN4O4 |
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[3,4-二氟-2-[(2-氟-4-碘苯基)氨基]苯基][3-羟基-3-[(2R)-2-哌啶基]-1-氮杂环丁基]甲酮 | cobimetinib | 934660-94-3 | C21H21F3IN3O2 |
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[2H3]-盐酸阿洛司琼 | Alosetron-d3 Hydrochloride | 1189919-71-8 | C17H19ClN4O |
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[2-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪-1-基]乙基](丙基)(4,5,6,7-四氢苯并噻唑-6-基)胺 | N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-N-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazol-6-amine | 1148156-63-1 | C23H34N4OS |
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[2-[(3-甲基丁基)氨基]-3-吡啶基][4-(苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]甲酮 | (4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)(2-(isopentylamino)pyridin-3-yl)methanone | 1270138-40-3 | C22H30N4O |
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[2-(4-氯苯基)喹啉-4-基]-(2-哌啶基)甲醇 | NSC13316 | 5428-80-8 | C21H21ClN2O |
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[1-(乙基磺酰基)-3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]氮杂环丁烷-3-基]乙腈磷酸盐 | baricitinib phosphate | 1187595-84-1 | C16H17N7O2S*H3O4P |
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[1,2,4]噻唑并[1,5-a]吡嗪-2-胺 | [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-2-amine | 88002-33-9 | C5H5N5 |
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[(S)-1-[[(S)-1-[[4-(羟甲基)苯基]氨基]-1-氧代-5-脲基戊烷-2-基]氨基]-3-甲基-1-氧代丁-2-基]氨基甲酸(9H-芴-9-基)甲酯 | (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl ((S)-1-(((S)-1-((4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-1-oxo-5-ureidopentan-2-yl)amino)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate | 159858-22-7 | C33H39N5O6 |
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[(4R,5S)-4,5-双(4-氯苯基)-2-[4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-2-乙氧基苯基]-4,5-二氢-4,5-二甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基][4-[3-(甲磺酰基)丙基]-1-哌嗪基]甲酮 | RG-7112 | 939981-39-2 | C38H48Cl2N4O4S |
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[(1S,6S,7S,8R,8aR)-1,7,8-三羟基-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-八氢吲嗪-6-基] 丁酸酯 | celgosivir | 121104-96-9 | C12H21NO5 |
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Z-甘氨酸 N-琥珀酰亚胺酯 | Cbz-Gly-ONSuc | 2899-60-7 | C14H14N2O6 |
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Z-因多昔芬盐酸盐 | Endoxifen hydrochloride | 1032008-74-4 | C25H27NO2*ClH |
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Y-39983二盐酸盐 | (R)-4-(1-Aminoethyl)-N-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)benzamide dihydrochloride | 173897-44-4 | C16H18Cl2N4O |
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XTT钠盐 | 111072-31-2 | C22H17N7NaO13S2 |
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Walrycin B; 1,6-二甲基-3-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]嘧啶并[5,4-e]-1,2,4-三嗪-5,7(1H,6H)-二酮 | 1,6-dimethyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine-5,7-dione | 878419-78-4 | C14H10F3N5O2 |
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WAY 161503盐酸盐 | 8,9-dichloro-2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-1H,6H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoxalin-5-one | 75704-24-4 | C11H11Cl2N3O |
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Vicriviroc苹果酸盐;1-[(4,6-二甲基-5-嘧啶基)羰基]-4-[(3S)-4-[(1R)-2-甲氧基-1-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]乙基]-3-甲基-1-哌嗪基]-4-甲基哌啶苹果酸盐 | 1-[(4,6-Dimethyl-5-pyrimidinyl)carbonyl]-4-[(3S)-4-[(1R)-2-methoxy-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-3-methyl-1-piperazinyl]-4-methylpiperidine malate | 541503-81-5 | C32H44F3N5O7 |
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Val-cit-PAB-OH(VAL-CIT-PAB-羟基) | (S)-2-((S)-2-amino-3-methylbutanamido)-N-(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-5-ureidopentanamide | 159857-79-1 | C18H29N5O4 |
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