Prednisolone can be reversibly metabolized to [prednisone] which is then metabolized to 17α,21-dihydroxy-pregnan-1,4,6-trien-3,11,30-trione (M-XVII), 20α-dihydro-prednisone (M-V), 6βhydroxy-prednisone (M-XII), 6α-hydroxy-prednisone (M-XIII), or 20β-dihydro-prednisone (M-IV). 20β-dihydro-prednisone is metabolized to 17α,20ξ,21-trihydroxy-5ξ-pregn-1-en-3,11-dione(M-XVIII). Prednisolone is metabolized to Δ6-prednisolone (M-XI), 20α-dihydro-prednisolone (M-III), 20β-dihydro-prednisolone (M-II), 6αhydroxy-prednisolone (M-VII), or 6βhydroxy-prednisolone(M-VI). 6αhydroxy-prednisolone is metabolized to 6α,11β,17α,20β,21-pentahydroxypregnan-1,4-diene-3-one (M-X). 6βhydroxy-prednisolone is metabolized to 6β,11β,17α,20β,21-pentahydroxypregnan-1,4-diene-3-one (M-VIII), 6β,11β,17α,20α,21-pentahydroxypregnan-1,4-diene-3-one (M-IX), and 6β,11β,17α,21-tetrahydroxy-5ξ-pregn-1-en-3,20-dione (M-XIV). MVIII is metabolized to 6β,11β,17α,20β,21-pentahydroxy-5ξ-pregn-1-en-3-one (M-XV) and then to MXIV, while MIX is metabolized to 6β,11β,17α,20α,21-pentahydroxy-5ξ-pregn-1-en-3-one (M-XVI) and then to MXIV. These metabolites and their glucuronide conjugates are excreted predominantly in the urine.
Reduction of the 4,5 double bond can occur at both hepatic and extrahepatic sites and yields an inactive substance. Subsequent reduction of the 3-ketone substituent to a 3-hydroxyl to form tetrahydrocortisol has been demonstrated only in liver. Most of the ring a - reduced metabolites are enzymatically coupled through the 3-hydroxyl with sulfate or with glucuronic acid to form water soluble sulfate esters or glucuronides, and they are excreted as such.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
主要在肝脏中结合，但也在肾脏中结合。/人类，口服/
Conjugated mostly in liver but also in kidney. /Human, oral/
In the present study the metabolism of prednisolone in the isolated, perfused, dual recirculating human placental lobule was reexamined, using a perfusate based on tissue culture medium 199. Four metabolites were identified in both the maternal and fetal compartments in 6 hr perfusions by comparison of relative retention times measured by HPLC and capillary GC and of mass spectra recorded by capillary GC/MS with those of authentic reference standards. The steroids were derivatized as the MO-TMS ethers for mass spectral measurements. Analysis of samples from five perfusion experiments resulted in the following percentage conversions after 6 hr perfusion (mean + or - standard deviation, maternal and fetal perfusate, respectively): prednisone (49.1 + or - 7.8, 49.1 + or - 6.6), 20 alpha-dihydroprednisone (0.84 + or - 0.29, 0.81 + or - 0.35), 20 beta-dihydroprednisone (39.1 + or - 6.7, 39.2 + or - 5.9), 20 beta-dihydroprednisolone (6.8 + or - 2.7, 6.3 + or - 1.6) and unmetabolized prednisolone (4.1 + or - 1.8, 4.6 + or - 2.1). No evidence was found for metabolites formed by 6 beta-hydroxylation or cleavage of the C17-C20 bond.
A randomized, four-way cross-over study was conducted in eight healthy male volunteers to determine the relative and absolute bioavailability of prednisone (PN) and prednisolone (PL). PN and PL were administered as single, oral 10-mg tablet doses and as 10-mg zero-order 0.5-hour intravenous infusions. Comparable mean PN and PL maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax), times for Cmax, areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC), and apparent elimination rate constants between tablet treatments demonstrated that PN and PL tablets were bioequivalent. Absolute bioavailability (F) determinations based on plasma PL concentrations were independent of which IV treatment was used as reference and indicated complete systemic availability of PL from both PN and PL tablets. However, F based on plasma PN data was contradictory. Using IV PN as reference, approximately 70% systemic availability was observed from both tablets, whereas using IV PL as reference, systemic availability was greater than unity. PN and PL are model compounds that exemplify the difficulties involved in accurately determining the relative and absolute bioavailability of substances that undergo reversible metabolism.
参考文献：M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. 用于研究药物诱导肝损伤的FDA批准药物标签，药物发现今日，16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank：按在人类中发展药物诱导肝损伤风险排名的最大参考药物清单。药物发现今日2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
References:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. FDA-Approved Drug Labeling for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Drug Discovery Today, 16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans. Drug Discov Today 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
A randomized crossover study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 30 mg prednisolone in a plain oral tablet (Precortisyl) with those of an enteric coated tablet (Deltacortril) in 8 patients (ages 63-81 yr) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in 8 healthy males (ages 22-44 yr). Although drug absorption was considerably slower from the enteric coated tablet, peak plasma levels and total area under the concn-time curve were equivalent for the formulations. Adrenal suppression was significantly less in volunteers after enteric coated than after plain tablets. This difference was not significant in patients. Plasma cortisol levels declined more slowly after enteric coated tablets in both groups. Blood glucose levels increased over 8 hr in both groups. It was concluded that in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peak plasma levels and total area under the concn-time curve of plain and enteric coated prednisolone tablets are equivalent; enteric coated tablets result in a lag in the decline of plasma cortisol and, in volunteers, a less marked suppression of cortisol.
Application of urethane prepolymers to immobilization of biocatalysts: .DELTA.1-dehydrogenation of hydrocortisone by Arthrobacter simplex cells entrapped with urethane prepolymers.
[EN] ACC INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE L'ACC ET UTILISATIONS ASSOCIÉES
申请人：GILEAD APOLLO LLC
公开号：WO2017075056A1
公开（公告）日：2017-05-04
The present invention provides compounds I and II useful as inhibitors of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.
DISUBSTITUTED TRIFLUOROMETHYL PYRIMIDINONES AND THEIR USE
申请人：BAYER PHARMA AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
公开号：US20160221965A1
公开（公告）日：2016-08-04
The present application relates to novel 2,5-disubstituted 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivatives, to processes for their preparation, to their use alone or in combinations for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, and to their use for preparing medicaments for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular for treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular, renal, inflammatory and fibrotic diseases.
[EN] 2-QUINOLONE DERIVED INHIBITORS OF BCL6<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE BCL6 DÉRIVÉS DE 2-QUINOLONE
申请人：CANCER RESEARCH TECH LTD
公开号：WO2018215798A1
公开（公告）日：2018-11-29
The present invention relates to compounds of formula I that function as inhibitors of BCL6(B- cell lymphoma 6) activity: Formula I wherein X1, X2, X3, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each as defined herein. The present invention also relates to processes for the preparation of these compounds, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, and to their use in the treatment of proliferative disorders, such as cancer,as well as other diseases or conditions in which BCL6 activity is implicated.
[EN] INHIBITORS OF BRUTON'S TYROSINE KINASE<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE TYROSINE KINASE DE BRUTON
申请人：BIOCAD JOINT STOCK CO
公开号：WO2018092047A1
公开（公告）日：2018-05-24
The present invention relates to a new compound of formula I: or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or stereoisomer thereof, wherein: V1 is C or N, V2 is C(R2) or N, whereby if V1 is C then V2 is N, if V1 is C then V2 is C(R2), or if V1 is N then V2 is C(R2); each n, k is independently 0, 1; each R2, R11 is independently H, D, Hal, CN, NR'R", C(O)NR'R", C1-C6 alkoxy; R3 is H, D, hydroxy, C(O)C1-C6 alkyl, C(O)C2-C6 alkenyl, C(O)C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 alkyl; R4 is H, Hal, CN, CONR'R", hydroxy, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy; L is CH2, NH, O or chemical bond; R1 is selected from the group of the fragments, comprising: Fragment 1, Fragment 2, Fragment 3 each A1, A2, A3, A4 is independently CH, N, CHal; each A5, A6, A7, A8, A9 is independently C, CH or N; R5 is H, CN, Hal, CONR'R", C1-C6 alkyl, non-substituted or substituted by one or more halogens; each R' and R" is independently selected from the group, comprising H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl; R6 is selected from the group: [formula II] each R7, R8, R9, R10 is independently vinyl, methylacetylenyl; Hal is CI, Br, I, F, which have properties of inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and their use as pharmaceuticals for treatment of diseases and disorder.
[EN] DIHYDROPYRROLONAPHTYRIDINONE COMPOUNDS AS INHIBITORS OF JAK<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS DE DIHYDROPYRROLONAPHTYRIDINONE COMME INHIBITEURS DE JAK
申请人：TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL
公开号：WO2010144486A1
公开（公告）日：2010-12-16
Disclosed are JAK inhibitors of formula (I) where G1, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 are defined in the specification. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions, kits and articles of manufacture which contain the compounds, methods and materials for making the compounds, and methods of using the compounds to treat diseases, disorders, and conditions involving the immune system and inflammation, including rheumatoid arthritis, hematological malignancies, epithelial cancers (i.e., carcinomas), and other diseases, disorders or conditions associated with JAK.
