摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂

    有机试剂

    从公元初到19世纪中叶，主要利用天然有机物（如动植物的提取液）进行定性或定量分析。自19世纪下半叶至20世纪20年代，开始有了人工合成的有机试剂，例如乙黄原酸钾用于检验镍、铜、钼；桑色素用于检测铝；重氮偶合反应用于检测亚硝酸根；α-亚硝基-β-萘酚用于检测钴；丁二肟用于检验镍等。30年代提出特效基团后，在50年代末又提出了分析功能团理论，人们为了寻找不同离子的特效分析功能团，进行了大量有机试剂筛选工作，合成了许多具有实用价值的试剂（如铜试剂、新铜试剂、镉试剂、铍试剂、钍试剂等）。在50年代以前，络合物主要用于二元螯合物沉淀反应的定性检出、沉淀分离和重量分析。从50至60年代初，以络合滴定法为主，自60年代后期开始重点转向光度分析，并发展了螯合物有机溶剂萃取技术。8-羟基喹啉、腙类、肟类、羟肟酸类、多元酚类、1,10-邻二氮菲类、磷氧类萃取剂、β-二酮类、三苯基甲烷类酸性染料、呫吨类和偶氮染料等各类试剂得到广泛应用。同时，有机试剂的结构理论研究（如电子效应、空间效应、取代基的影响）促进了新型有机试剂的开发，例如杂环偶氮类试剂。这一时期还发展了单偶氮变色酸类和双偶氮变色酸类试剂。70年代中期，吸附剂和螯合树脂得到迅速发展。80年代以来，中国分析化学工作者在不对称双偶氮变色酸类试剂的合成与应用方面也取得了成果。

    有机试剂广泛应用于分析化学领域，主要用于溶剂、沉淀剂、络合剂、指示剂、显色剂以及表面活性剂等方面。为了满足不同分析需求，有时需对某种试剂进行纯化处理，液体有机试剂常采用蒸馏法提纯，固体物质则通过结晶或升华方法纯化。具有高蒸气压的有机试剂通常采用常压蒸馏；而对于难挥发和微溶于水的有机试剂，则可使用减压蒸馏或水蒸气蒸馏。

    蒸馏法是实验室中常用的有机试剂纯化方法，常见的蒸馏装置包括蒸馏器、冷凝器和接受器三部分，辅助设备还包括加热器、温度计、接液管、软木塞等。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1H-Imidazolium, 1-methyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-, phosphate (1:1) 920537-20-8 C8H19N2O7PS
    1H-Imidazolium, 1-methyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-, phosphate (1:1)
    —— (15S)-14-[(2-Amino-2-carboxyethyl)sulfanyl]-15-hydroxyicosa-5,8,10,12-tetraenoic acid 1000852-57-2 C23H37NO5S
    (15S)-14-[(2-Amino-2-carboxyethyl)sulfanyl]-15-hydroxyicosa-5,8,10,12-tetraenoic acid
    —— (5S,12R)-6,7,14,15-tetradeuterio-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid 124629-74-9 C20H32O4
    (5S,12R)-6,7,14,15-tetradeuterio-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid
    —— Magnesium bis(2-propylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide) 114504-74-4 C16H22Mg
    Magnesium bis(2-propylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide)
    —— Barium bis(3,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-propylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide) 210758-43-3 C24H38Ba
    Barium bis(3,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-propylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide)
    —— Yttrium tris[2-(propan-2-yl)cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide] 329735-73-1 C24H33Y
    Yttrium tris[2-(propan-2-yl)cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide]
    —— Tris(3-fluorophenyl)(sulfanylidene)-lambda~5~-phosphane 54300-42-4 C18H12F3PS
    Tris(3-fluorophenyl)(sulfanylidene)-lambda~5~-phosphane
    —— L-Glutamic acid, N-(1-oxohexadecyl)-, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester 536721-25-2 C25H46NO5-
    L-Glutamic acid, N-(1-oxohexadecyl)-, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester
    —— tris(triisopropylsilylethynyl)phosphine 923013-78-9 C33H63PSi3
    tris(triisopropylsilylethynyl)phosphine
    —— (6-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)boronic acid 1356087-58-5 C11H17BN2O4
    (6-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)boronic acid
    —— 5,5'-Dibromo-1,1'-bianthracene 912479-44-8 C28H16Br2
    5,5'-Dibromo-1,1'-bianthracene
    —— Ethyl alpha-ethyl-beta-methyl-beta-phenylglycidate 19464-94-9 C14H18O3
    Ethyl alpha-ethyl-beta-methyl-beta-phenylglycidate
    —— Propyl 4-tert-butylphenylacetate 92729-55-0 C15H22O2
    Propyl 4-tert-butylphenylacetate
    —— 37013-20-0 C6H14NaO2Si
    —— trans-Dihydro-3R,4R-bis[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2(3H)-furanone 78473-71-9 C18H18O4
    trans-Dihydro-3R,4R-bis[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,19S,21S,22R,23R,25R)-1-hydroxy-12-[(E,2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-5-[(1R,3S,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]-4-methylpent-4-en-2-yl]-21,23-dimethoxy-17,19,25-trimethyl-15-prop-2-enyl-11,26-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[20.3.1.04,9]hexacos-16-ene-2,3,10,14-tetrone 134590-88-8 C44H69NO12
    (1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,19S,21S,22R,23R,25R)-1-hydroxy-12-[(E,2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-5-[(1R,3S,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]-4-methylpent-4-en-2-yl]-21,23-dimethoxy-17,19,25-trimethyl-15-prop-2-enyl-11,26-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[20.3.1.04,9]hexacos-16-ene-2,3,10,14-tetrone
    —— methyl-[4-[(4-methyloxoniophenyl)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]oxidanium 726-18-1 C15H16O2
    methyl-[4-[(4-methyloxoniophenyl)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]oxidanium
    —— N-[(2R,6S,7S)-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decan-4-yl]-4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzamide 73803-48-2 C16H20ClN3O3S
    N-[(2R,6S,7S)-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decan-4-yl]-4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzamide
    —— Methyl 6-hydroxy-2-methoxynicotinate 1060806-83-8 C8H9NO4
    Methyl 6-hydroxy-2-methoxynicotinate
    —— Sodium 6-diazo-5,6-dihydro-5-oxonaphthalene-1-sulphonate 2657-00-3 C10H6N2NaO4S+
    Sodium 6-diazo-5,6-dihydro-5-oxonaphthalene-1-sulphonate
    —— Tris(cyclopentadienyl)gadolinium 1272-21-5 C15H15Gd
    Tris(cyclopentadienyl)gadolinium
    —— cyclopenta-1,3-diene;ytterbium(3+) 1295-20-1 C15H15Yb
    cyclopenta-1,3-diene;ytterbium(3+)
    —— Hafnium chloride 2-ethylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide (1/2/2) 78205-93-3 C14H18Cl2Hf
    Hafnium chloride 2-ethylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide (1/2/2)
    —— Samarium(3+) tris(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide) 1298-55-1 C15H15Sm
    Samarium(3+) tris(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide)
    —— bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur trifluoride 202289-38-1 C8H18F3NO2S
    bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur trifluoride
    —— Chlorohydridotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium (II) 55102-19-7 C54H49ClP3Ru+3
    Chlorohydridotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium (II)
    —— Sparteinum sulfuricum 6160-12-9 C15H38N2O9S
    Sparteinum sulfuricum
    —— Yttrium tris(2-butylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide) 312739-77-8 C27H39Y
    Yttrium tris(2-butylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide)
    —— Terbium, tris(eta5-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl)- 1272-25-9 C15H15Tb
    Terbium, tris(eta5-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl)-
    —— Erbium tris[2-(propan-2-yl)cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide] 130521-76-5 C24H33Er
    Erbium tris[2-(propan-2-yl)cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide]
    —— Hafnium cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide methanide (1/2/2) 37260-88-1 C12H16Hf
    Hafnium cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide methanide (1/2/2)
    —— Hafnium 2-tert-butylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide methanide (1/2/2) 68193-45-3 C20H32Hf
    Hafnium 2-tert-butylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide methanide (1/2/2)
    —— Bis(isopropylcyclopentadienyl)hafnium dichloride 66349-80-2 C16H22Cl2Hf
    Bis(isopropylcyclopentadienyl)hafnium dichloride
    —— Magnesium bis(2-ethylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide) 114460-02-5 C14H18Mg
    Magnesium bis(2-ethylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide)
    —— Nickel(2+) bis(2-ethylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide) 31886-51-8 C14H18Ni
    Nickel(2+) bis(2-ethylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide)
    —— Tris(methylcyclopentadienyl)yttrium (III) 329735-72-0 C18H21Y
    Tris(methylcyclopentadienyl)yttrium (III)
    —— Nickel(2+) bis(2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide) 79019-60-6 C18H26Ni
    Nickel(2+) bis(2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide)
    —— Phosphine sulfide, [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yldicyclohexyl- 404366-89-8 C24H31PS
    Phosphine sulfide, [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yldicyclohexyl-
    —— Pyridine borane 110-51-0 C5H5BN
    Pyridine borane
    —— O-[(2Z)-2-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl] O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate 162208-27-7 C10H16N3O5PS2
    O-[(2Z)-2-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl] O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate
    —— Glucosulfone sodium 554-18-7 C24H34N2Na2O18S3
    Glucosulfone sodium
    —— Ethyl 5-bromo-2-methoxynicotinate 213193-29-4 C9H10BrNO3
    Ethyl 5-bromo-2-methoxynicotinate
    —— methyl (2R)-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoate 176795-01-0 C16H20F3NO4
    methyl (2R)-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoate
    —— Dibromoborane Dimethyl Sulfide (1M in Dichloromethane) 55671-55-1 C2H6BBr2S
    Dibromoborane Dimethyl Sulfide (1M in Dichloromethane)
    —— 4-((6-(Acryloyloxy)hexyl)oxy)phenyl 4-(hexyloxy)benzoate 863394-23-4 C28H36O6
    4-((6-(Acryloyloxy)hexyl)oxy)phenyl 4-(hexyloxy)benzoate
    —— Borane-tetrahydrofuran 14044-65-6 C4H8BO
    Borane-tetrahydrofuran
    —— Octaneperoxoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester 26748-41-4 C14H28O3
    Octaneperoxoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester
    —— perdeuterio 9,10-dibromoanthracene 518292-58-5 C14H8Br2
    perdeuterio 9,10-dibromoanthracene
    —— 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;(E)-but-2-enedioic acid 183432-40-8 C8H15NO7
    2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;(E)-but-2-enedioic acid
    —— tetrafluoroboric acid etherate 67969-82-8 BF3*C4H10O*FH
    tetrafluoroboric acid etherate