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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂

    有机试剂

    从公元初到19世纪中叶，主要利用天然有机物（如动植物的提取液）进行定性或定量分析。自19世纪下半叶至20世纪20年代，开始有了人工合成的有机试剂，例如乙黄原酸钾用于检验镍、铜、钼；桑色素用于检测铝；重氮偶合反应用于检测亚硝酸根；α-亚硝基-β-萘酚用于检测钴；丁二肟用于检验镍等。30年代提出特效基团后，在50年代末又提出了分析功能团理论，人们为了寻找不同离子的特效分析功能团，进行了大量有机试剂筛选工作，合成了许多具有实用价值的试剂（如铜试剂、新铜试剂、镉试剂、铍试剂、钍试剂等）。在50年代以前，络合物主要用于二元螯合物沉淀反应的定性检出、沉淀分离和重量分析。从50至60年代初，以络合滴定法为主，自60年代后期开始重点转向光度分析，并发展了螯合物有机溶剂萃取技术。8-羟基喹啉、腙类、肟类、羟肟酸类、多元酚类、1,10-邻二氮菲类、磷氧类萃取剂、β-二酮类、三苯基甲烷类酸性染料、呫吨类和偶氮染料等各类试剂得到广泛应用。同时，有机试剂的结构理论研究（如电子效应、空间效应、取代基的影响）促进了新型有机试剂的开发，例如杂环偶氮类试剂。这一时期还发展了单偶氮变色酸类和双偶氮变色酸类试剂。70年代中期，吸附剂和螯合树脂得到迅速发展。80年代以来，中国分析化学工作者在不对称双偶氮变色酸类试剂的合成与应用方面也取得了成果。

    有机试剂广泛应用于分析化学领域，主要用于溶剂、沉淀剂、络合剂、指示剂、显色剂以及表面活性剂等方面。为了满足不同分析需求，有时需对某种试剂进行纯化处理，液体有机试剂常采用蒸馏法提纯，固体物质则通过结晶或升华方法纯化。具有高蒸气压的有机试剂通常采用常压蒸馏；而对于难挥发和微溶于水的有机试剂，则可使用减压蒸馏或水蒸气蒸馏。

    蒸馏法是实验室中常用的有机试剂纯化方法，常见的蒸馏装置包括蒸馏器、冷凝器和接受器三部分，辅助设备还包括加热器、温度计、接液管、软木塞等。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-nitro-furfural-(2-ethyl semicarbazone) 5579-89-5 C8H10N4O4
    5-nitro-furfural-(2-ethyl semicarbazone)
    —— Butocarboxim sulfoxide 34681-24-8 C7H14N2O3S
    Butocarboxim sulfoxide
    —— 9-Ethylcarbazole-3-carboxaldehyde N-Methyl-N-phenylhydrazone 75232-44-9 C22H21N3
    9-Ethylcarbazole-3-carboxaldehyde N-Methyl-N-phenylhydrazone
    —— ZINC ethyl fumarate 62008-21-3 C12H14O8Zn
    ZINC ethyl fumarate
    —— 5,12-Dihydroxy-6,8,10,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid 80445-66-5 C20H30O4
    5,12-Dihydroxy-6,8,10,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid
    —— (C2H5)2SiH2 542-91-6 C4H10Si
    (C2H5)2SiH2
    —— Hysterol 76-50-6 C15H26O2
    Hysterol
    —— Cholest-5-en-3beta-yl (Z)-13-docosenoate 24516-39-0 C49H86O2
    Cholest-5-en-3beta-yl (Z)-13-docosenoate
    —— Diethylchlorosilane 1609-19-4 C4H10ClSi
    Diethylchlorosilane
    —— 1,4-Bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene 228860-42-2 C10H16Si2
    1,4-Bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene
    —— (3-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl)boronic acid 2096330-06-0 C6H6BCl2NO2
    (3-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl)boronic acid
    —— Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(1-methylethyl)-, ethyl ester, (2-endo,3-exo)- 116044-44-1 C13H20O2
    Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(1-methylethyl)-, ethyl ester, (2-endo,3-exo)-
    —— 6898-84-6 C3H8NaS
    —— Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(1-methylethyl)-, ethyl ester, (1R,2R,3R,4S)-rel- 116126-82-0 C13H20O2
    Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(1-methylethyl)-, ethyl ester, (1R,2R,3R,4S)-rel-
    —— Dehydroacetic acid sodium salt, >=98.0% (NT) 4418-26-2 C8H8NaO4
    Dehydroacetic acid sodium salt, >=98.0% (NT)
    —— 2-Ethyl 3-propyl-5-(sulfomethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate 738572-21-9 C15H19NO5S
    2-Ethyl 3-propyl-5-(sulfomethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate
    —— natriumnarasin 58331-17-2 C43H71O11*Na
    natriumnarasin
    —— p-Diazo-n,n-diethylaniline ZINC chloride 6217-19-2 C10H14Cl3N3Zn
    p-Diazo-n,n-diethylaniline ZINC chloride
    —— Trisguanidinium phosphate 38848-02-1 C3H18N9O4P
    Trisguanidinium phosphate
    —— Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate 114615-82-6 C12H35NO4Ru
    Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate
    —— (3-Bromo-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)boronic acid 949146-53-6 C8H10BBrO4
    (3-Bromo-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)boronic acid
    —— 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyrazino[1,2-a]indole methanesulfonate 1252046-17-5 C12H16N2O3S
    1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyrazino[1,2-a]indole methanesulfonate
    —— 4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl trans-4-ethylcyclohexanecarboxylate 90525-56-7 C16H18FNO2
    4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl trans-4-ethylcyclohexanecarboxylate
    —— (3E)-4-{[(4-Amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl](formyl)amino}-3-{[(2Z)-2-{[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl](formyl)amino}-5-(benzoyloxy)pent-2-en-3-yl]disulfanyl}pent-3-en-1-yl benzoate 2667-89-2 C38H42N8O6S2
    (3E)-4-{[(4-Amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl](formyl)amino}-3-{[(2Z)-2-{[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl](formyl)amino}-5-(benzoyloxy)pent-2-en-3-yl]disulfanyl}pent-3-en-1-yl benzoate
    —— (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl formate 4351-55-7 C28H46O2
    (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl formate
    —— tert-Butyl N-[1-(3-bromophenyl)cyclobutyl]carbamate 1245647-81-7 C15H20BrNO2
    tert-Butyl N-[1-(3-bromophenyl)cyclobutyl]carbamate
    —— 2-Fluoro-6-methoxypyridine-3-boronic acid 1402238-30-5 C6H7BFNO3
    2-Fluoro-6-methoxypyridine-3-boronic acid
    —— 4,5-Dichloro-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenylboronic acid 1256354-99-0 C9H11BCl2O4
    4,5-Dichloro-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenylboronic acid
    —— 4-Chloro-3-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)phenylboronic acid 1256355-02-8 C10H15BClNO3
    4-Chloro-3-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)phenylboronic acid
    —— Methyl 3-bromo-5-isobutoxybenzoate 1255574-35-6 C12H15BrO3
    Methyl 3-bromo-5-isobutoxybenzoate
    —— 4-Chloro-1H-indole-2-boronic acid 1256355-59-5 C8H7BClNO2
    4-Chloro-1H-indole-2-boronic acid
    —— [(2R,3S,4S,6R,8R,14R)-4-ethenyl-3-hydroxy-2,4,7,14-tetramethyl-9-oxo-6-tricyclo[5.4.3.01,8]tetradecanyl] 2-methylsulfonyloxyacetate 60924-38-1 C23H36O7S
    [(2R,3S,4S,6R,8R,14R)-4-ethenyl-3-hydroxy-2,4,7,14-tetramethyl-9-oxo-6-tricyclo[5.4.3.01,8]tetradecanyl] 2-methylsulfonyloxyacetate
    —— 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-Octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Hydrogen Tribromide 138666-59-8 C9H17Br3N2 ——
    —— MES hemisodium salt 117961-21-4 C12H25N2NaO8S2
    MES hemisodium salt
    —— 5-[2-amino-6-(benzyloxy)-9H-purin-9-yl]-3-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]-1,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol 701278-05-9 C27H33N5O4Si
    5-[2-amino-6-(benzyloxy)-9H-purin-9-yl]-3-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]-1,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol
    —— [2-(Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5,7-tetraen-3-yl)ethenyl](triethoxy)silane 124389-79-3 C16H22O3Si
    [2-(Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5,7-tetraen-3-yl)ethenyl](triethoxy)silane
    —— 2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;but-2-enedioic acid 72200-76-1 C4H11NO3.C4H4O4
    2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;but-2-enedioic acid
    —— [2-(5-{[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-methylidenecyclohexylidene)ethyl](oxo)diphenyl-lambda~5~-phosphane 100858-27-3 C27H37O2PSi
    [2-(5-{[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-methylidenecyclohexylidene)ethyl](oxo)diphenyl-lambda~5~-phosphane
    —— tert-Butyl [(1S)-2-[(1S,3S,5S)-3-cyano-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl]-1-(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]carbamate 709031-43-6 C23H33N3O4
    tert-Butyl [(1S)-2-[(1S,3S,5S)-3-cyano-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl]-1-(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]carbamate
    —— 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(3-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)prop-1-en-1-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane 642066-70-4 C14H25BO4
    4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(3-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)prop-1-en-1-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane
    —— 4-(2-Aminophenylcarbamoyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 883106-63-6 C17H25N3O3
    4-(2-Aminophenylcarbamoyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 4,4'-bis(6-(acryloyloxy)-hexyloxy)biphenyl 125337-31-7 C30H38O6
    4,4'-bis(6-(acryloyloxy)-hexyloxy)biphenyl
    —— 2'-Chlorobiphenyl-4-ylamine hydrochloride 1204-42-8 C12H11Cl2N
    2'-Chlorobiphenyl-4-ylamine hydrochloride
    —— 2-bromothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one 1035219-80-7 C6H3BrN2OS
    2-bromothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one
    —— 2-[2-(Chloromethyl)phenyl]-2-ethoxyiminoacetate 155380-13-5 C11H11ClNO3-
    2-[2-(Chloromethyl)phenyl]-2-ethoxyiminoacetate
    —— Withanolide 30655-48-2 C28H38O6
    Withanolide
    —— 2-(6-Ethynylpyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile 1204333-34-5 C9H6N2
    2-(6-Ethynylpyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile
    —— Trihexadecylphosphinsulfid 61908-81-4 C48H99PS
    Trihexadecylphosphinsulfid
    —— N-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)-4-bromo-L-phenylalanine ethyl ester 232276-01-6 C18H16BrCl2NO3
    N-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)-4-bromo-L-phenylalanine ethyl ester
    —— (2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[(2R)-2-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;4-[(3-carboxy-2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid 124508-66-3 C87H98N18O19
    (2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[(2R)-2-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;4-[(3-carboxy-2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid