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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂

    有机试剂

    从公元初到19世纪中叶，主要利用天然有机物（如动植物的提取液）进行定性或定量分析。自19世纪下半叶至20世纪20年代，开始有了人工合成的有机试剂，例如乙黄原酸钾用于检验镍、铜、钼；桑色素用于检测铝；重氮偶合反应用于检测亚硝酸根；α-亚硝基-β-萘酚用于检测钴；丁二肟用于检验镍等。30年代提出特效基团后，在50年代末又提出了分析功能团理论，人们为了寻找不同离子的特效分析功能团，进行了大量有机试剂筛选工作，合成了许多具有实用价值的试剂（如铜试剂、新铜试剂、镉试剂、铍试剂、钍试剂等）。在50年代以前，络合物主要用于二元螯合物沉淀反应的定性检出、沉淀分离和重量分析。从50至60年代初，以络合滴定法为主，自60年代后期开始重点转向光度分析，并发展了螯合物有机溶剂萃取技术。8-羟基喹啉、腙类、肟类、羟肟酸类、多元酚类、1,10-邻二氮菲类、磷氧类萃取剂、β-二酮类、三苯基甲烷类酸性染料、呫吨类和偶氮染料等各类试剂得到广泛应用。同时，有机试剂的结构理论研究（如电子效应、空间效应、取代基的影响）促进了新型有机试剂的开发，例如杂环偶氮类试剂。这一时期还发展了单偶氮变色酸类和双偶氮变色酸类试剂。70年代中期，吸附剂和螯合树脂得到迅速发展。80年代以来，中国分析化学工作者在不对称双偶氮变色酸类试剂的合成与应用方面也取得了成果。

    有机试剂广泛应用于分析化学领域，主要用于溶剂、沉淀剂、络合剂、指示剂、显色剂以及表面活性剂等方面。为了满足不同分析需求，有时需对某种试剂进行纯化处理，液体有机试剂常采用蒸馏法提纯，固体物质则通过结晶或升华方法纯化。具有高蒸气压的有机试剂通常采用常压蒸馏；而对于难挥发和微溶于水的有机试剂，则可使用减压蒸馏或水蒸气蒸馏。

    蒸馏法是实验室中常用的有机试剂纯化方法，常见的蒸馏装置包括蒸馏器、冷凝器和接受器三部分，辅助设备还包括加热器、温度计、接液管、软木塞等。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 9-Ethylcarbazole-3-carboxaldehyde N-Ethyl-N-(m-tolyl)hydrazone 81380-24-7 C24H25N3
    9-Ethylcarbazole-3-carboxaldehyde N-Ethyl-N-(m-tolyl)hydrazone
    —— [(1S,3R,6S,8R,11S,13R,16S,18R,21S,23R,26S,28R,32S,34S,36S,38S,40S,42S)-31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42-dodecahydroxy-10,15,20,25,30-pentakis(hydroxymethyl)-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29-dodecaoxaheptacyclo[26.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26]dotetracontan-5-yl]methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate 32860-56-3 C43H66O32S
    [(1S,3R,6S,8R,11S,13R,16S,18R,21S,23R,26S,28R,32S,34S,36S,38S,40S,42S)-31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42-dodecahydroxy-10,15,20,25,30-pentakis(hydroxymethyl)-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29-dodecaoxaheptacyclo[26.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26]dotetracontan-5-yl]methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate
    —— [(1S,3R,6S,8R,11S,13R,16S,18R,21S,23R,26S,28R,31S,33R,36S,38R,42S,44S,46S,48S,50S,52S,54S,56S)-41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-hexadecahydroxy-5,10,15,25,30,35,40-heptakis(hydroxymethyl)-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34,37,39-hexadecaoxanonacyclo[36.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31.233,36]hexapentacontan-20-yl]methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate 97227-33-3 C55H86O42S
    [(1S,3R,6S,8R,11S,13R,16S,18R,21S,23R,26S,28R,31S,33R,36S,38R,42S,44S,46S,48S,50S,52S,54S,56S)-41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-hexadecahydroxy-5,10,15,25,30,35,40-heptakis(hydroxymethyl)-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34,37,39-hexadecaoxanonacyclo[36.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31.233,36]hexapentacontan-20-yl]methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate
    —— (2S,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl acetate 76-49-3 C12H20O2
    (2S,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl acetate
    —— Tris-cyclohexylmethyl-phosphinoxid 16016-57-2 C21H39OP
    Tris-cyclohexylmethyl-phosphinoxid
    —— Methyl 5-methoxy-isophthalate 71590-08-4 C10H9O5-
    Methyl 5-methoxy-isophthalate
    —— Benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid dihydrate 36362-97-7 C9H10O8
    Benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid dihydrate
    —— (3-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methoxy)phenyl)boronic acid 1311185-12-2 C12H17BO4
    (3-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methoxy)phenyl)boronic acid
    —— Bis(9,10-dioxoanthracene-1-diazonium) tetrachlorozincate(2-) 84195-93-7 C28H14Cl4N4O4Zn
    Bis(9,10-dioxoanthracene-1-diazonium) tetrachlorozincate(2-)
    —— Potassium 2-amino-4,6-disulfophenolate 83763-34-2 C6H6KNO7S2
    Potassium 2-amino-4,6-disulfophenolate
    —— N-Ethylcarbazole-3-carbaldehyde (phenylmethylhydrazone) 75232-44-9 C22H21N3
    N-Ethylcarbazole-3-carbaldehyde (phenylmethylhydrazone)
    —— 2-Azidoethyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-L-gulopyranoside 142072-12-6 C10H18N4O6
    2-Azidoethyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-L-gulopyranoside
    —— 9-Ethylcarbazole-3-carboxaldehyde N-Butyl-N-phenylhydrazone 88107-84-0 C25H27N3
    9-Ethylcarbazole-3-carboxaldehyde N-Butyl-N-phenylhydrazone
    —— [4-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl]boronic acid hydrochloride 229009-42-1 C11H16BNO2*ClH
    [4-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl]boronic acid hydrochloride
    —— N,N-Diethylguanidinium sulphate (2:1) 77297-00-8 C10H24N6O4S
    N,N-Diethylguanidinium sulphate (2:1)
    —— 6-Bromo-2,3-dichlorophenylboronic acid 1451392-86-1 C6H4BBrCl2O2
    6-Bromo-2,3-dichlorophenylboronic acid
    —— (2-Fluoro-5-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)boronic acid 1334399-67-5 C11H15BFNO3
    (2-Fluoro-5-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)boronic acid
    —— tert-Butyl 3-isobutylpiperazine-1-carboxylate hydrochloride 1203372-46-6 C13H27ClN2O2
    tert-Butyl 3-isobutylpiperazine-1-carboxylate hydrochloride
    —— 1,7-Dimethyl heptanediimidate hydrochloride 58537-94-3 C9H19ClN2O2
    1,7-Dimethyl heptanediimidate hydrochloride
    —— 18662-53-8 C6H11NNaO7
    —— methyl 3-oxo-4-aza-5-α-androstene-17-carboxylate 73671-92-8 C20H31NO3
    methyl 3-oxo-4-aza-5-α-androstene-17-carboxylate
    —— N-Cbz-4-methoxy-3-(methoxylmethyl)-L-phenylalanine methyl ester 1219720-76-9 C21H25NO6
    N-Cbz-4-methoxy-3-(methoxylmethyl)-L-phenylalanine methyl ester
    —— (2-Isopropylpyrimidin-5-YL)boronic acid 1312942-16-7 C7H11BN2O2
    (2-Isopropylpyrimidin-5-YL)boronic acid
    —— 2-Chlor-4,6-bis-<β-naphthyloxy>-1,3,5-triazin 14511-16-1 C23H14ClN3O2
    2-Chlor-4,6-bis-<β-naphthyloxy>-1,3,5-triazin
    —— (4-{(Butan-2-yl)[4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl]amino}phenyl)ethene-1,1,2-tricarbonitrile 153196-67-9 C24H24N4O2
    (4-{(Butan-2-yl)[4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl]amino}phenyl)ethene-1,1,2-tricarbonitrile
    —— (4-{Butyl[4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl]amino}phenyl)ethene-1,1,2-tricarbonitrile 153196-66-8 C24H24N4O2
    (4-{Butyl[4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl]amino}phenyl)ethene-1,1,2-tricarbonitrile
    —— Benzoxazolium, 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-, inner salt 182426-59-1 C12H14ClNO4S
    Benzoxazolium, 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-, inner salt
    —— N-{2-[(Z)-(2-Amino-1,3,3-tricyanoprop-2-en-1-ylidene)amino]-5-(diethylamino)phenyl}acetamide 140714-28-9 C18H19N7O
    N-{2-[(Z)-(2-Amino-1,3,3-tricyanoprop-2-en-1-ylidene)amino]-5-(diethylamino)phenyl}acetamide
    —— [4-Methoxy-2-(1H-pyrazol-1-YL)phenyl]boronic acid 1287753-34-7 C10H11BN2O3
    [4-Methoxy-2-(1H-pyrazol-1-YL)phenyl]boronic acid
    —— (5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl)boronic acid 1150114-45-6 C12H19BF2O3Si
    (5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl)boronic acid
    —— (1S,3R,6R,7S,8S,9R,10S,11R,12R,13R,16S)-8-tert-butyl-6,9,12-trihydroxy-16-methyl-2,4,14,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[8.7.2.01,11.03,7.07,11.013,17]nonadecane-5,15,18-trione 15291-78-8 C20H24O10
    (1S,3R,6R,7S,8S,9R,10S,11R,12R,13R,16S)-8-tert-butyl-6,9,12-trihydroxy-16-methyl-2,4,14,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[8.7.2.01,11.03,7.07,11.013,17]nonadecane-5,15,18-trione
    —— methyl 3-bromo-1H-indole-4-carboxylate 1093759-60-4 C10H8BrNO2
    methyl 3-bromo-1H-indole-4-carboxylate
    —— 5324-47-0 C2H6NaO3S
    —— Ethyl 4-(6-chloro-1,3-dioxobenzo[de]isoquinolin-2-yl)butanoate 1262796-77-9 C18H16ClNO4
    Ethyl 4-(6-chloro-1,3-dioxobenzo[de]isoquinolin-2-yl)butanoate
    —— (But-2-ene-1,4-diyl)bis(triphenylphosphanium) dichloride 106423-29-4 C40H36Cl2P2
    (But-2-ene-1,4-diyl)bis(triphenylphosphanium) dichloride
    —— Methyl 2-[1-(4-bromophenyl)cyclopropyl]acetate 1620074-29-4 C12H13BrO2
    Methyl 2-[1-(4-bromophenyl)cyclopropyl]acetate
    —— Potassium 4-nitro-2-sulfonatobenzoate 5344-48-9 C7H3K2NO7S
    Potassium 4-nitro-2-sulfonatobenzoate
    —— Iron(2+) 1-{(1S)-1-[bis(2-methylphenyl)phosphanyl]ethyl}-2-[di(furan-2-yl)phosphanyl]cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide (1/1/1) 849924-74-9 C34H32FeO2P2
    Iron(2+) 1-{(1S)-1-[bis(2-methylphenyl)phosphanyl]ethyl}-2-[di(furan-2-yl)phosphanyl]cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide (1/1/1)
    —— (1S,4R,7S,16R)-1,4,5,6,7,16,17,18,19,19,20,20-dodecachloro-11-methylhexacyclo[14.2.1.14,7.02,15.03,8.09,14]icosa-5,9(14),10,12,17-pentaene 4605-91-8 C21H10Cl12
    (1S,4R,7S,16R)-1,4,5,6,7,16,17,18,19,19,20,20-dodecachloro-11-methylhexacyclo[14.2.1.14,7.02,15.03,8.09,14]icosa-5,9(14),10,12,17-pentaene
    —— Hafnium,propan-2-ol 2171-99-5 C12H32HfO4
    Hafnium,propan-2-ol
    —— (3alpha)-17-[(Trifluoromethanesulfonyl)oxy]androsta-5,16-dien-3-yl acetate 115375-60-5 C22H29F3O5S
    (3alpha)-17-[(Trifluoromethanesulfonyl)oxy]androsta-5,16-dien-3-yl acetate
    —— (3aR,4R,6Z,8S,10Z)-4,8-Dihydroxy-6,10-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2(3H)-one 72229-33-5 C15H20O4
    (3aR,4R,6Z,8S,10Z)-4,8-Dihydroxy-6,10-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2(3H)-one
    —— 1,2-Bis-diethylphosphino-acetylen 99851-56-6 C10H20P2
    1,2-Bis-diethylphosphino-acetylen
    —— Di(prop-2-en-1-yl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)phosphane 189098-88-2 C15H21P
    Di(prop-2-en-1-yl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)phosphane
    —— tris<(trimethylsilyl)methyl>phosphine oxide 18138-52-8 C12H33OPSi3
    tris<(trimethylsilyl)methyl>phosphine oxide
    —— Dimethyl(oxo)tridecyl-lambda~5~-phosphane 186953-53-7 C15H33OP
    Dimethyl(oxo)tridecyl-lambda~5~-phosphane
    —— Octadecyl-diethyl-phosphinoxid 4445-70-9 C22H47OP
    Octadecyl-diethyl-phosphinoxid
    —— Tri(pent-4-en-1-yl)phosphane 62269-18-5 C15H27P
    Tri(pent-4-en-1-yl)phosphane
    —— methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-tridecylbenzoate 62071-08-3 C21H34O4
    methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-tridecylbenzoate
    —— methyl 4-bromo-3-methyl-2-nitrobenzoate 821773-44-8 C9H8BrNO4
    methyl 4-bromo-3-methyl-2-nitrobenzoate