胍又称亚氨脲,是指脲分子中氧被亚氨基(=NH)取代形成的化合物,其化学式为H2N(C=NH)NH2。由于游离胍难以分离,通常商品主要是胍盐,如盐酸胍、硝酸胍和碳酸胍等。它一般通过氰胺与过量氨或氯化铵在乙醇中共热制得,具有强碱性,并易水解,在碱性条件下不稳定。当其暴露于空气中时会吸收水分及CO2形成碳酸胍,进一步水解则生成尿素。
此外,胍分子失去一个氢原子即为胍基,一些药物如西咪替丁等含有此结构。胍的应用广泛,主要用于制备磺胺类药物、肌肉兴奋剂,以及合成炸药、染料、照相材料和消毒剂等原料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 间碘苄胍半硫酸 | (3-iodobenzyl)guanidine | 80663-95-2 | C8H10IN3 |
| 苯基胍碳酸盐 | phenylguanidinium hydrogencarbonate | 6291-89-0 | CH2O3*C7H9N3 |
| 苯基胍 | 1-phenylguanidine | 2002-16-6 | C7H9N3 |
| 苄基胍半硫酸盐 | N-benzylguanidine | 2211-57-6 | C8H11N3 |
| 胍 乙酸盐 | guanidine acetic acid | 593-87-3 | CH6N3*C2H3O2 |
| 聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐 | N'-[6-[(N'-methylcarbamimidoyl)amino]hexyl]ethanimidamide | 32289-58-0 | C10H23N5 |
| 缩二胍盐酸盐 | biguanide hydrochloride | 4761-93-7 | C2H7N5*ClH |
| 磺胺胍,一水标准品 | Sulfaguanidine monohydrate | 6190-55-2 | C7H12N4O3S |
| 碳酸胍 | diguanidine carbonate | 593-85-1 | 2CH6N3*CO3 |
| 硫酸胍基丁胺 | agmatine sulphate | 2482-00-0 | C5H14N4*H2O4S |
| 硫酸异喹胍 | Debrisoquin sulfate | 581-88-4 | 2C10H13N3*H2O4S |
| 硫氰酸胍 | guanidinium thiocyanate | 593-84-0 | CH6N3*CNS |
| 盐酸胍 | guanidine hydrochloride | 50-01-1 | CH6N3*Cl |
| 甲胍 | 1-methylguanidine | 471-29-4 | C2H7N3 |
| 氯丙胍 | chlorproguanil | 537-21-3 | C11H15Cl2N5 |
| 氨基胍碳酸氢盐 | 2-aminoguanidine,carbonic acid | 2200-97-7 | C2H8N4O3 |
| 氨基胍碳酸氢盐 | aminoguanidine bicarbonate | 2200-97-7 | CHO3*CH7N4 |
| 氨基胍半硫酸盐 | aminoguanidine sulphate | 1068-42-4 | CH6N4*H2O4S |
| 氨基甲酰基胍 | carbamimidoylurea | 141-83-3 | C2H6N4O |
| 氢溴酸胍 | guanidine hydrobromide | 19244-98-5 | Br*CH6N3 |
| 异喹胍 | debrisoquine | 1131-64-2 | C10H13N3 |
| 己联双辛胍 | alexidine | 22573-93-9 | C26H56N10 |
| 四甲基胍 | N,N,N',N'-tetramethylguanidine | 80-70-6 | C5H13N3 |
| 四甲基硼氢化铵 | Tetramethylammonium tetrahydroborate | 16883-45-7 | C4H16BN |
| 四乙基硼氢化铵 | Tetraethylammonium tetrahydroborate | 17083-85-1 | C8H24BN |
| 四丙基氢氧化铵 | tetrapropylammonium hydroxide | 4499-86-9 | C12H28N*HO |
| 双胍硝酸盐 | guanylguanidinium nitrate | 22817-07-8 | C2H7N5*HNO3 |
| 双胍 | Biguanid | 56-03-1 | C2H7N5 |
| 十二胍 | dodecylguanidine | 112-65-2 | C13H29N3 |
| 十二烷基胍单盐酸盐 | dodecylguanidine hydrochloride | 13590-97-1 | C13H29N3*ClH |
| 六甲基氯胍 | N,N,N',N',N'',N''-hexamethylguanidinium chloride | 30388-20-6 | C7H18N3*Cl |
| 亚硝基胍 | nitrosoguanidine | 674-81-7 | CH4N4O |
| 二苯胍 | diphenylguanidine | 102-06-7 | C13H13N3 |
| 二乙基胍硫酸盐 | 1,1-diethylguanidine | 18240-93-2 | C5H13N3 |
| 三苯基胍 | 1,2,3-triphenylguanidine | 101-01-9 | C19H17N3 |
| 三氨基胍盐酸盐 | triaminoguanidine hydrochloride | 5329-29-3 | CH8N6*ClH |
| Zoniporide; CP 597396; [1-(喹啉-5-基)-5-环丙基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰基]胍 | zoniporide | 241800-98-6 | C17H16N6O |
| N-氰基-N'-5-喹啉胍 | N′′-cyano-N-5-quinolinylguanidine | 861393-75-1 | C11H9N5 |
| N-乙酰基胍 | acetylguanidine | 5699-40-1 | C3H7N3O |
| N-乙基盐酸胍 | N-ethylguanidine hydrochloride | 19341-54-9 | C3H10N3*Cl |
| N-[二(二乙基氨基)亚甲基]-N-乙基-乙烷氯化铵(1:1) | N-[bis(diethylamino)methylene]-N-ethylethane ammonium chloride | 69082-76-4 | C13H30N3*Cl |
| N-[4-(氨基甲基)苯基]胍 | (4-aminomethyl-phenyl)-guanidine | 174959-56-9 | C8H12N4 |
| N-[4-(二甲基氨基)苯基]胍 | 1-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]guanidine | 67453-82-1 | C9H14N4 |
| N-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]胍 | 1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)guanidine | 130066-24-9 | C8H8F3N3 |
| N-(5-溴-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑基)-N-胍 | N-(5-Bromo-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)guanidine | 175136-87-5 | C5H7BrN4S |
| N-(4-氰基苯基)胍 | 1-(4-cyanophenyl)guanidine | 5637-42-3 | C8H8N4 |
| N-(3-甲氧基苯基)胍 | 1-(3-methoxyphenyl)guanidine | 57004-60-1 | C8H11N3O |
| N-(3,4-二氯苯基)胍 | (3,4-dichlorophenyl)guanidine | 65783-10-0 | C7H7Cl2N3 |
| N-(2-甲氧基乙基)胍 | N-(2-methoxyethyl)guanidine | 108712-07-8 | C4H11N3O |
| N,N′,N′′-三叔丁氧羰基胍 | N,N',N''-tri-Boc-guanidine | 216584-22-4 | C16H29N3O6 |