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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂

    有机试剂

    从公元初到19世纪中叶，主要利用天然有机物（如动植物的提取液）进行定性或定量分析。自19世纪下半叶至20世纪20年代，开始有了人工合成的有机试剂，例如乙黄原酸钾用于检验镍、铜、钼；桑色素用于检测铝；重氮偶合反应用于检测亚硝酸根；α-亚硝基-β-萘酚用于检测钴；丁二肟用于检验镍等。30年代提出特效基团后，在50年代末又提出了分析功能团理论，人们为了寻找不同离子的特效分析功能团，进行了大量有机试剂筛选工作，合成了许多具有实用价值的试剂（如铜试剂、新铜试剂、镉试剂、铍试剂、钍试剂等）。在50年代以前，络合物主要用于二元螯合物沉淀反应的定性检出、沉淀分离和重量分析。从50至60年代初，以络合滴定法为主，自60年代后期开始重点转向光度分析，并发展了螯合物有机溶剂萃取技术。8-羟基喹啉、腙类、肟类、羟肟酸类、多元酚类、1,10-邻二氮菲类、磷氧类萃取剂、β-二酮类、三苯基甲烷类酸性染料、呫吨类和偶氮染料等各类试剂得到广泛应用。同时，有机试剂的结构理论研究（如电子效应、空间效应、取代基的影响）促进了新型有机试剂的开发，例如杂环偶氮类试剂。这一时期还发展了单偶氮变色酸类和双偶氮变色酸类试剂。70年代中期，吸附剂和螯合树脂得到迅速发展。80年代以来，中国分析化学工作者在不对称双偶氮变色酸类试剂的合成与应用方面也取得了成果。

    有机试剂广泛应用于分析化学领域，主要用于溶剂、沉淀剂、络合剂、指示剂、显色剂以及表面活性剂等方面。为了满足不同分析需求，有时需对某种试剂进行纯化处理，液体有机试剂常采用蒸馏法提纯，固体物质则通过结晶或升华方法纯化。具有高蒸气压的有机试剂通常采用常压蒸馏；而对于难挥发和微溶于水的有机试剂，则可使用减压蒸馏或水蒸气蒸馏。

    蒸馏法是实验室中常用的有机试剂纯化方法，常见的蒸馏装置包括蒸馏器、冷凝器和接受器三部分，辅助设备还包括加热器、温度计、接液管、软木塞等。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— p-Chlorbenzensulfonan sodny 5138-90-9 C6H5ClNaO3S+
    p-Chlorbenzensulfonan sodny
    —— Benzenesulfonic acid,5-dinitro-, potassium salt 38185-06-7 C6H3ClKN2O7S+
    Benzenesulfonic acid,5-dinitro-, potassium salt
    —— Potassium;4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid 6671-49-4 C6H4ClKNO5S+
    Potassium;4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid
    —— Sodium;3-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid 5138-91-0 C7H7ClNaO3S+
    Sodium;3-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid
    —— Sodium acetone bisulfite 540-92-1 C3H8NaO4S+
    Sodium acetone bisulfite
    —— Sodium;4-amino-1,3-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid 6409-77-4 C14H9NNaO7S+
    Sodium;4-amino-1,3-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid
    —— Phenyl sodium phosphate, (PhO)(NaO)2PO 3279-54-7 C6H7NaO4P+
    Phenyl sodium phosphate, (PhO)(NaO)2PO
    —— 4-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid;nickel 6944-05-4 C7H8NiO3S
    4-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid;nickel
    —— 5beta-Cholan-24-amide,7alpha-, sodium salt 16564-43-5 C26H43NNaO5+
    5beta-Cholan-24-amide,7alpha-, sodium salt
    —— Potassium;3,4-dioxonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid 5908-27-0 C10H6KO5S+
    Potassium;3,4-dioxonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid
    —— Diisopropoxytitanium bis(ethyl acetoacetate) 27858-32-8 C18H32O8Ti
    Diisopropoxytitanium bis(ethyl acetoacetate)
    —— 9-Amino minocycline hydrochloride 149934-21-4 C23H29ClN4O7
    9-Amino minocycline hydrochloride
    —— Methyl 2-[methyl(prop-2-ynyl)amino]acetate 1283100-05-9 C7H11NO2
    Methyl 2-[methyl(prop-2-ynyl)amino]acetate
    —— (2-Isopropoxypyridin-4-yl)boronic acid 1314239-18-3 C8H12BNO3
    (2-Isopropoxypyridin-4-yl)boronic acid
    —— 2-Chloro-6-methylpyridine-4-sulfonyl chloride 1211527-22-8 C6H5Cl2NO2S
    2-Chloro-6-methylpyridine-4-sulfonyl chloride
    —— Sodium hydrogen 4-((4-(ethylamino)-m-tolyl)(4-(ethylimino)-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl)-6-hydroxybenzene-1,3-disulphonate 4463-44-9 C25H28N2NaO7S2+
    Sodium hydrogen 4-((4-(ethylamino)-m-tolyl)(4-(ethylimino)-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl)-6-hydroxybenzene-1,3-disulphonate
    —— [2-[3-(4-Methylphenyl)sulfonyloxyoxolan-2-yl]oxyoxolan-3-yl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate 37860-51-8 C22H26O9S2
    [2-[3-(4-Methylphenyl)sulfonyloxyoxolan-2-yl]oxyoxolan-3-yl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate
    —— Unii-4gjf8D34Z9 36897-89-9 C2H9N4O5P
    Unii-4gjf8D34Z9
    —— Benzohydroxamic acid sodium salt hydrate 22513-32-2 C7H8NNaO3
    Benzohydroxamic acid sodium salt hydrate
    —— Hotu 333717-40-1 C10H17F6N4O3P
    Hotu
    —— N-Phenylguanidinium carbonate 6291-89-0 C15H20N6O3
    N-Phenylguanidinium carbonate
    —— Zirconium(4+) chloride 2-pentylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide (1/2/2) 113040-61-2 C20H30Cl2Zr
    Zirconium(4+) chloride 2-pentylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide (1/2/2)
    —— Zirconium(4+) chloride 2,4,5-trimethylcyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-ide (1/3/1) 188020-78-2 C8H11Cl3Zr
    Zirconium(4+) chloride 2,4,5-trimethylcyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-ide (1/3/1)
    —— 5-[2-(Ethylseleno)ethyl]hydantoin 1219334-23-2 C7H12N2O2Se
    5-[2-(Ethylseleno)ethyl]hydantoin
    —— Zinc benzenesulfinate dihydrate 24308-84-7 C12H14O6S2Zn
    Zinc benzenesulfinate dihydrate
    —— Terbium(3+) tris[2-(propan-2-yl)cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide] 312696-25-6 C24H33Tb
    Terbium(3+) tris[2-(propan-2-yl)cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide]
    —— O-Succinimidyl-1,3-dimethylpropyleneuronium tetrafluoroborate 443305-34-8 C10H16BF4N3O3
    O-Succinimidyl-1,3-dimethylpropyleneuronium tetrafluoroborate
    —— 2-Fluoro-3-carboxypyridine-5-boronic acid 1451393-51-3 C6H5BFNO4
    2-Fluoro-3-carboxypyridine-5-boronic acid
    —— Benzenesulfinic acid;ZINC 24308-84-7 C6H6O2SZn
    Benzenesulfinic acid;ZINC
    —— methyl 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-nitrobenzoate 1163281-04-6 C9H9NO5
    methyl 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-nitrobenzoate
    —— 2-[4-[Difluoro-(3,4,5-trifluorophenoxy)methyl]-3,5-difluorophenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane 868960-33-2 C19H16BF7O3
    2-[4-[Difluoro-(3,4,5-trifluorophenoxy)methyl]-3,5-difluorophenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane
    —— 4'-(naphthalen-1-yl)-N-phenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-amine 897671-80-6 C28H21N
    4'-(naphthalen-1-yl)-N-phenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-amine
    —— Pentan-3-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate 191211-62-8 C6H11F3O3S
    Pentan-3-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate
    —— 4-bromoisoquinoline-1-carboxylic acid 1179149-25-7 C10H6BrNO2
    4-bromoisoquinoline-1-carboxylic acid
    —— 2-(2-Oxopentyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-4-yl acetate 143446-73-5 C10H16O4S
    2-(2-Oxopentyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-4-yl acetate
    —— N,N-dibenzyl-4-[(Z)-(diphenylhydrazinylidene)methyl]-3-methylaniline 103079-11-4 C34H31N3
    N,N-dibenzyl-4-[(Z)-(diphenylhydrazinylidene)methyl]-3-methylaniline
    —— 2-(3-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-3-yl)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane 1365692-84-7 C27H29BO2
    2-(3-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-3-yl)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane
    —— 8-(Acetyloxy)-1,2,3,13-tetramethoxy-6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-11H-benzo[3',4']cycloocta[1',2':4,5]benzo[1,2-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl 2-methylbut-2-enoate 460090-65-7 C30H36O10
    8-(Acetyloxy)-1,2,3,13-tetramethoxy-6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-11H-benzo[3',4']cycloocta[1',2':4,5]benzo[1,2-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl 2-methylbut-2-enoate
    —— 5-(4-Methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiolate 88466-21-1 C9H7N2OS-
    5-(4-Methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiolate
    —— sodium;(1Z)-1-(6-methyl-2,4-dioxopyran-3-ylidene)ethanolate 4418-26-2 C8H7NaO4
    sodium;(1Z)-1-(6-methyl-2,4-dioxopyran-3-ylidene)ethanolate
    —— Tert-butyl piperidine-3-carboxylate hydrochloride 301180-05-2 C10H20ClNO2
    Tert-butyl piperidine-3-carboxylate hydrochloride
    —— 5-Chlor-3-nitro-2-methoxy-benzoesaeure 89894-14-4 C8H6ClNO5
    5-Chlor-3-nitro-2-methoxy-benzoesaeure
    —— sodium;6-bromo-2-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-naphthalene-2-sulfonate 4133-35-1 C10H10BrO4S*Na
    sodium;6-bromo-2-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-naphthalene-2-sulfonate
    —— Sodium 1-(3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-2,4-dioxo-2h-pyran-3-ylidene)ethanolate 4418-26-2 C8H7NaO4
    Sodium 1-(3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-2,4-dioxo-2h-pyran-3-ylidene)ethanolate
    —— Triethylammonium C-2-oxopropyl 4-oxo-3-phenyl-5-((3-(4-sulphonatobutyl)benzoxazol-2(3H)-ylidene)ethylidene)-2-thioxoimidazolidine-1-acetate 84304-21-2 C33H40N4O8S2
    Triethylammonium C-2-oxopropyl 4-oxo-3-phenyl-5-((3-(4-sulphonatobutyl)benzoxazol-2(3H)-ylidene)ethylidene)-2-thioxoimidazolidine-1-acetate
    —— 3-Oxoboranyloxyaniline hydrochloride 85006-23-1 C6H7BClNO2
    3-Oxoboranyloxyaniline hydrochloride
    —— Einecs 282-118-4 84100-38-9 C41H65N7O8S2
    Einecs 282-118-4
    —— Methyl 6-amino-5-methylnicotinate 1184913-79-8 C8H10N2O2
    Methyl 6-amino-5-methylnicotinate
    —— Colistin-1,3,5,9-tetramethanesulfonic A acid 30387-39-4 C57H108N16O25S4
    Colistin-1,3,5,9-tetramethanesulfonic A acid
    —— 3-Benzyloxy-6-bromo-2-chlorophenylboronic acid 1309980-90-2 C13H11BBrClO3
    3-Benzyloxy-6-bromo-2-chlorophenylboronic acid