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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂

    有机试剂

    从公元初到19世纪中叶，主要利用天然有机物（如动植物的提取液）进行定性或定量分析。自19世纪下半叶至20世纪20年代，开始有了人工合成的有机试剂，例如乙黄原酸钾用于检验镍、铜、钼；桑色素用于检测铝；重氮偶合反应用于检测亚硝酸根；α-亚硝基-β-萘酚用于检测钴；丁二肟用于检验镍等。30年代提出特效基团后，在50年代末又提出了分析功能团理论，人们为了寻找不同离子的特效分析功能团，进行了大量有机试剂筛选工作，合成了许多具有实用价值的试剂（如铜试剂、新铜试剂、镉试剂、铍试剂、钍试剂等）。在50年代以前，络合物主要用于二元螯合物沉淀反应的定性检出、沉淀分离和重量分析。从50至60年代初，以络合滴定法为主，自60年代后期开始重点转向光度分析，并发展了螯合物有机溶剂萃取技术。8-羟基喹啉、腙类、肟类、羟肟酸类、多元酚类、1,10-邻二氮菲类、磷氧类萃取剂、β-二酮类、三苯基甲烷类酸性染料、呫吨类和偶氮染料等各类试剂得到广泛应用。同时，有机试剂的结构理论研究（如电子效应、空间效应、取代基的影响）促进了新型有机试剂的开发，例如杂环偶氮类试剂。这一时期还发展了单偶氮变色酸类和双偶氮变色酸类试剂。70年代中期，吸附剂和螯合树脂得到迅速发展。80年代以来，中国分析化学工作者在不对称双偶氮变色酸类试剂的合成与应用方面也取得了成果。

    有机试剂广泛应用于分析化学领域，主要用于溶剂、沉淀剂、络合剂、指示剂、显色剂以及表面活性剂等方面。为了满足不同分析需求，有时需对某种试剂进行纯化处理，液体有机试剂常采用蒸馏法提纯，固体物质则通过结晶或升华方法纯化。具有高蒸气压的有机试剂通常采用常压蒸馏；而对于难挥发和微溶于水的有机试剂，则可使用减压蒸馏或水蒸气蒸馏。

    蒸馏法是实验室中常用的有机试剂纯化方法，常见的蒸馏装置包括蒸馏器、冷凝器和接受器三部分，辅助设备还包括加热器、温度计、接液管、软木塞等。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5,5-Dimethyl-2-butyl-2-naphth-1-ylmethyl-cyclohexan-1,3-dion 1853-05-0 C23H28O2
    5,5-Dimethyl-2-butyl-2-naphth-1-ylmethyl-cyclohexan-1,3-dion
    —— 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine sulfate 54827-18-8 C16H20N2*H2O4S
    3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine sulfate
    —— Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-(cyclohexylamino)-, monosodium salt 3076-05-9 C8H16NNaO3S
    Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-(cyclohexylamino)-, monosodium salt
    —— Seretide 136112-01-1 C50H68F3NO9S
    Seretide
    —— (R)-(-)-1-{(S)-2-[Bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxyphenyl)phosphino]ferrocenyl}ethyldicyclohexylphosphine 360048-63-1 C42H56FeO2P2
    (R)-(-)-1-{(S)-2-[Bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxyphenyl)phosphino]ferrocenyl}ethyldicyclohexylphosphine
    —— 2-(2-bromopropyl)naphthalene 27650-93-7 C13H13Br
    2-(2-bromopropyl)naphthalene
    —— Sodium 3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trioxo-1,3,5-triazinan-1-ide dihydrate 51580-86-0 C3H4Cl2N3NaO5
    Sodium 3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trioxo-1,3,5-triazinan-1-ide dihydrate
    —— [2,6':2',6''-Terbenzothiazole]-7-sulfonic acid, 2''-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methyl-, monosodium salt 10132-80-6 C28H17N4NaO3S4
    [2,6':2',6''-Terbenzothiazole]-7-sulfonic acid, 2''-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methyl-, monosodium salt
    —— Calcium 2-(phosphonooxy)propane-1,3-bis(olate) 58409-70-4 C3H7CaO6P
    Calcium 2-(phosphonooxy)propane-1,3-bis(olate)
    —— Chloromethyl-phosphonodithioic acid S-naphthalen-2-yl ester O-propyl ester 1714-04-1 C14H16ClOPS2
    Chloromethyl-phosphonodithioic acid S-naphthalen-2-yl ester O-propyl ester
    —— 2-chloro-9-(4-biphenylyl)carbazole 1259388-62-9 C24H16ClN
    2-chloro-9-(4-biphenylyl)carbazole
    —— Sodium 1,6-diisopropyl-3-naphthalenesulfonate 1322-93-6 C16H19NaO3S
    Sodium 1,6-diisopropyl-3-naphthalenesulfonate
    —— LITHIUM TERT-BUTYLCYCLOPENTADIENIDE 158907-82-5 C9H13Li
    LITHIUM TERT-BUTYLCYCLOPENTADIENIDE
    —— Xylene cyanole FF 2650-17-1 C25H27N2NaO6S2
    Xylene cyanole FF
    —— 14312-40-4 BH3NaO3
    —— Potassium metaborate hydrate (3:4) 16481-66-6 B3H8K3O10
    Potassium metaborate hydrate (3:4)
    —— 1,3-Pentanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-, monoisobutyrate 25265-77-4 C12H26O4
    1,3-Pentanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-, monoisobutyrate
    —— 8-(3-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)-4-methyl-2,6-dioxohexahydro-8l4-[1,3,2]oxazaborolo[2,3-b][1,3,2]oxazaborol-4-ium 1356823-24-9 C13H14BNO6
    8-(3-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)-4-methyl-2,6-dioxohexahydro-8l4-[1,3,2]oxazaborolo[2,3-b][1,3,2]oxazaborol-4-ium
    —— 1-Azetidinesulfonyl chloride 639519-67-8 C3H6ClNO2S
    1-Azetidinesulfonyl chloride
    —— 3,6-di-O-acetyl-D-glucal 63914-23-8 C10H14O6
    3,6-di-O-acetyl-D-glucal
    —— 4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenylmethanesulfonyl chloride 683813-55-0 C8H6ClF3O3S
    4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenylmethanesulfonyl chloride
    —— Sodium 2,4-difluorosulfonate 141407-32-1 C6H3F2O3S*Na
    Sodium 2,4-difluorosulfonate
    —— 1-methylisatin 3-thiosemicarbazone 1910-68-5 C10H10N4OS
    1-methylisatin 3-thiosemicarbazone
    —— N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-{[4-(4-vinylbenzyl)Morpholin-2-yl]Methyl}Urea 408303-26-4 C21H24ClN3O2
    N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-{[4-(4-vinylbenzyl)Morpholin-2-yl]Methyl}Urea
    —— methyl 4-isopropyl-6-methoxypicolinate 1448776-79-1 C11H15NO3
    methyl 4-isopropyl-6-methoxypicolinate
    —— Hexanedioic acid, 1,6-diisooctyl ester 1330-86-5 C22H46O4
    Hexanedioic acid, 1,6-diisooctyl ester
    —— (R)-(-)-1-[(S)-2-(Dicyclohexylphosphino)ferrocenyl]ethyldi-T-butylphosphine 158923-11-6 C32H62FeP2
    (R)-(-)-1-[(S)-2-(Dicyclohexylphosphino)ferrocenyl]ethyldi-T-butylphosphine
    —— (+/-)-5-Cyano-1-pentin-3-ol 65414-51-9 C6H7NO
    (+/-)-5-Cyano-1-pentin-3-ol
    —— 2-Fluoro-5-methoxypyridine-4-sulfonyl chloride 1261801-17-5 C6H5ClFNO3S
    2-Fluoro-5-methoxypyridine-4-sulfonyl chloride
    —— 500141-97-9 C17H20F3NO
    —— NAPHTHALENE-BIS(HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE) ADDUCT 5696-92-4 C20H8Cl12
    NAPHTHALENE-BIS(HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE) ADDUCT
    —— Chromium(2+);5-propan-2-ylcyclopenta-1,3-diene 329735-69-5 C16H22Cr
    Chromium(2+);5-propan-2-ylcyclopenta-1,3-diene
    —— dichloro-(η**(4)-dicyclopentadiene)platinum(II) 12083-92-0 C10H12Cl2Pt
    dichloro-(η**(4)-dicyclopentadiene)platinum(II)
    —— ethyl 2-(1-piperazinyl)-2-methylpropionate 886447-23-0 C10H20N2O2
    ethyl 2-(1-piperazinyl)-2-methylpropionate
    —— Tert-butyl 2-((2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-YL)oxy)-2-methylpropanoate 1587660-77-2 C12H19NO5
    Tert-butyl 2-((2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-YL)oxy)-2-methylpropanoate
    —— N-(4-ethenylbenzyl)matrinic acid 1345730-88-2 C24H34N2O2
    N-(4-ethenylbenzyl)matrinic acid
    —— 4-(9,9-Diphenyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-N-phenylaniline 1221237-91-7 C37H27N
    4-(9,9-Diphenyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-N-phenylaniline
    —— Uranyl diacetate dihydrate 6159-44-0 C4H10O8U-6
    Uranyl diacetate dihydrate
    —— 1080027-77-5 C16H24N2O6S
    —— Pentaerythritol rosinate 8050-26-8 C25H40O5
    Pentaerythritol rosinate
    —— potassium trifluoro(4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl)borate 1632070-91-7 C9H9BF3O2*K
    potassium trifluoro(4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl)borate
    —— 99-82-1 C10H20
    —— Sodium; (R)-1-phenyl-ethanesulfinate 95091-04-6 C8H9O2S*Na
    Sodium; (R)-1-phenyl-ethanesulfinate
    —— tert-butyl N-dodec-11-enylcarbamate 1286254-56-5 C17H33NO2
    tert-butyl N-dodec-11-enylcarbamate
    —— 2-oxo-tridecanoic acid ethyl ester 175473-12-8 C15H28O3
    2-oxo-tridecanoic acid ethyl ester
    —— (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-((1R,2S)-1-Amino-2-hydroxy-propyl)-6-methylsulfanyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3,4,5-triol 6982-17-8 C9H19NO5S
    (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-((1R,2S)-1-Amino-2-hydroxy-propyl)-6-methylsulfanyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3,4,5-triol
    —— (E)-5-[2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)vinyl]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid methyl ester 1425647-75-1 C15H20BNO4
    (E)-5-[2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)vinyl]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— [Co(III)(dimethylglyoximato)2(pyridine)2]PF6 139526-58-2 C18H24CoN6O4*F6P
    [Co(III)(dimethylglyoximato)2(pyridine)2]PF6
    —— Sodium hydrogen sulfite 6,7,12-trioxo-4,6,7,12-tetrahydronaphtho[2,3-f]quinolin-5-olate--sulfurous acid (2/1/1/1) 10181-46-1 C17H11NNa2O10S2
    Sodium hydrogen sulfite 6,7,12-trioxo-4,6,7,12-tetrahydronaphtho[2,3-f]quinolin-5-olate--sulfurous acid (2/1/1/1)
    —— (S)-methyl 2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropanoate 54927-70-7 C5H10O4
    (S)-methyl 2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropanoate