摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂

    有机试剂

    从公元初到19世纪中叶，主要利用天然有机物（如动植物的提取液）进行定性或定量分析。自19世纪下半叶至20世纪20年代，开始有了人工合成的有机试剂，例如乙黄原酸钾用于检验镍、铜、钼；桑色素用于检测铝；重氮偶合反应用于检测亚硝酸根；α-亚硝基-β-萘酚用于检测钴；丁二肟用于检验镍等。30年代提出特效基团后，在50年代末又提出了分析功能团理论，人们为了寻找不同离子的特效分析功能团，进行了大量有机试剂筛选工作，合成了许多具有实用价值的试剂（如铜试剂、新铜试剂、镉试剂、铍试剂、钍试剂等）。在50年代以前，络合物主要用于二元螯合物沉淀反应的定性检出、沉淀分离和重量分析。从50至60年代初，以络合滴定法为主，自60年代后期开始重点转向光度分析，并发展了螯合物有机溶剂萃取技术。8-羟基喹啉、腙类、肟类、羟肟酸类、多元酚类、1,10-邻二氮菲类、磷氧类萃取剂、β-二酮类、三苯基甲烷类酸性染料、呫吨类和偶氮染料等各类试剂得到广泛应用。同时，有机试剂的结构理论研究（如电子效应、空间效应、取代基的影响）促进了新型有机试剂的开发，例如杂环偶氮类试剂。这一时期还发展了单偶氮变色酸类和双偶氮变色酸类试剂。70年代中期，吸附剂和螯合树脂得到迅速发展。80年代以来，中国分析化学工作者在不对称双偶氮变色酸类试剂的合成与应用方面也取得了成果。

    有机试剂广泛应用于分析化学领域，主要用于溶剂、沉淀剂、络合剂、指示剂、显色剂以及表面活性剂等方面。为了满足不同分析需求，有时需对某种试剂进行纯化处理，液体有机试剂常采用蒸馏法提纯，固体物质则通过结晶或升华方法纯化。具有高蒸气压的有机试剂通常采用常压蒸馏；而对于难挥发和微溶于水的有机试剂，则可使用减压蒸馏或水蒸气蒸馏。

    蒸馏法是实验室中常用的有机试剂纯化方法，常见的蒸馏装置包括蒸馏器、冷凝器和接受器三部分，辅助设备还包括加热器、温度计、接液管、软木塞等。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Betadex Sulfobutyl Ether Sodium 182410-00-0 C66H112Na6O53S6
    Betadex Sulfobutyl Ether Sodium
    —— Hydroxypropyl gamma-cyclodextrin 128446-34-4 C63H110O45
    Hydroxypropyl gamma-cyclodextrin
    —— [1-[2-Bis(4-methylphenyl)phosphaniumylnaphthalen-1-yl]naphthalen-2-yl]-bis(4-methylphenyl)phosphanium;ruthenium(2+);diacetate 106681-15-6 C52H48O4P2Ru+2
    [1-[2-Bis(4-methylphenyl)phosphaniumylnaphthalen-1-yl]naphthalen-2-yl]-bis(4-methylphenyl)phosphanium;ruthenium(2+);diacetate
    —— methyl (Z)-3-hydroxy-3-(p-tolyl)prop-2-enedithioate 39580-22-8 C11H12OS2
    methyl (Z)-3-hydroxy-3-(p-tolyl)prop-2-enedithioate
    —— 2-BROMOPENTANE 107-81-3 C5H11Br
    2-BROMOPENTANE
    —— tent-butyl 3-(aminomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate 1237535-92-0 C13H16F3NO2
    tent-butyl 3-(aminomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate
    —— Telmisartan EP Impurity B Methyl Ester 1338830-37-7 C34H32N4O2
    Telmisartan EP Impurity B Methyl Ester
    —— Bicinchoninic acid disodium salt 979-88-4 C20H12N2NaO4
    Bicinchoninic acid disodium salt
    —— 5808-22-0 C10H10NaO9S2
    —— 2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinedisulfonic acid, disodium salt hydrate 1257642-74-2 C26H22N2NaO7S2
    2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinedisulfonic acid, disodium salt hydrate
    —— 2-fluoro-4-methylbenzylsulfonyl chloride 1505607-08-8 C8H8ClFO2S
    2-fluoro-4-methylbenzylsulfonyl chloride
    —— 133986-51-3 C4H11NNaO7S2
    —— 1058-92-0 C16H11ClN2NaO9S2
    —— 1,2-Benzenediamine, 3,6-dibromo-, hydrochloride (1:2) 1632286-10-2 C6H7Br2ClN2
    1,2-Benzenediamine, 3,6-dibromo-, hydrochloride (1:2)
    —— 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(3-phenylprop-1-en-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane 251928-75-3 C15H21BO2
    4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(3-phenylprop-1-en-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane
    —— 1-(Tert-butyl) 5-methyl 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-YL)-1H-indole-1,5-dicarboxylate 2304634-20-4 C21H28BNO6
    1-(Tert-butyl) 5-methyl 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-YL)-1H-indole-1,5-dicarboxylate
    —— 3318-43-2 C8H8NNaO4P
    —— 63451-35-4 C20H14N2NaO11S3
    —— Tropine-3-thiolhydrochloride 908266-48-8 C8H16ClNOS
    Tropine-3-thiolhydrochloride
    —— [Rh COD (R)-Phanephos]BF4 849950-56-7 C48H46BF4P2Rh-
    [Rh COD (R)-Phanephos]BF4
    —— 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane;(1S,3S,6S,8S,11S,13S,16S,18S,21S,23S,26S,28S,31S,33S)-5,10,15,20,25,30,35-heptakis(hydroxymethyl)-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34-tetradecaoxaoctacyclo[31.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31]nonatetracontane-36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49-tetradecol 25655-42-9 C45H75ClO36
    2-(chloromethyl)oxirane;(1S,3S,6S,8S,11S,13S,16S,18S,21S,23S,26S,28S,31S,33S)-5,10,15,20,25,30,35-heptakis(hydroxymethyl)-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34-tetradecaoxaoctacyclo[31.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31]nonatetracontane-36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49-tetradecol
    —— 2-(Benzyloxy)-N-[(hydroxyamino)methylidene]benzamide 936497-77-7 C15H14N2O3
    2-(Benzyloxy)-N-[(hydroxyamino)methylidene]benzamide
    —— methyl 4-bromo-5-chloro-2-fluorobenzoate 1379366-11-6 C8H5BrClFO2
    methyl 4-bromo-5-chloro-2-fluorobenzoate
    —— 2-(2-(but-3-en-1-yl)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane 1415236-89-3 C16H23BO2
    2-(2-(but-3-en-1-yl)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane
    —— methyl piperazine-2-(R)-carboxylate dihydrochloride 637027-25-9 C6H12N2O2*2ClH
    methyl piperazine-2-(R)-carboxylate dihydrochloride
    —— Tetrasodium;4-(1,10-phenanthrolin-4-yl)benzenesulfonate;ruthenium(2+) 301206-84-8 C18H11N2Na4O3RuS+5
    Tetrasodium;4-(1,10-phenanthrolin-4-yl)benzenesulfonate;ruthenium(2+)
    —— Diethyl [[5-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-2-furyl]methyl]phosphonate 130333-66-3 C12H19O6P
    Diethyl [[5-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-2-furyl]methyl]phosphonate
    —— 1,3-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane 17937-54-1 C16H20Cl2OSi2
    1,3-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-tert-butyl 4-((S)-N,3-dimethyl-2-((S)-3-methyl-2-(methylamino)butanamido)butanamido)-3-methoxy-5-methylheptanoate 920017-21-6 C25H49N3O5
    (3R,4S,5S)-tert-butyl 4-((S)-N,3-dimethyl-2-((S)-3-methyl-2-(methylamino)butanamido)butanamido)-3-methoxy-5-methylheptanoate
    —— methyl 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-isochromene-3-carboxylate 1234672-76-4 C11H12O4
    methyl 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-isochromene-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl 5-bromo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-indazole-6-carboxylate 1613504-87-2 C14H15BrN2O3
    methyl 5-bromo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-indazole-6-carboxylate
    —— N-<Aethoxycarbonyl-thiocarbonyl>-4-chlor-anilin 69066-33-7 C10H10ClNO2S
    N-<Aethoxycarbonyl-thiocarbonyl>-4-chlor-anilin
    —— ((4R,5S)-5-Ethynyl-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-methanol 304669-67-8 C8H12O3
    ((4R,5S)-5-Ethynyl-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-methanol
    —— 2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4,5-dihydroxy-3-[2-(4-sulfophenyl)diazenyl]-, sodium salt (1:3) 23647-14-5 C16H10N2Na3O11S3+
    2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4,5-dihydroxy-3-[2-(4-sulfophenyl)diazenyl]-, sodium salt (1:3)
    —— tert-butyl N-(11-aminoundecyl)carbamate 937367-26-5 C16H34N2O2
    tert-butyl N-(11-aminoundecyl)carbamate
    —— tert-butyl (R)-4-amino-3,3-dimethylpiperidine-1-carboxylate 1357600-61-3 C12H24N2O2
    tert-butyl (R)-4-amino-3,3-dimethylpiperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 7-fluoro-2-fluoro-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one 1290086-03-1 C10H8F2O
    7-fluoro-2-fluoro-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one
    —— 1,3-bis(4-vinylbenzyl)imidazolium chloride 1130095-94-1 C21H21N2*Cl
    1,3-bis(4-vinylbenzyl)imidazolium chloride
    —— Methyl 4-fluoro-1-cubanecarboxylate 141046-54-0 C10H9FO2
    Methyl 4-fluoro-1-cubanecarboxylate
    —— diacetylglycerol 25395-31-7 C7H12O5
    diacetylglycerol
    —— 6-amidino-2-naphthyl 4-aminobenzoate dimethanesulfonate 82955-98-4 2CH4O3S*C18H15N3O2
    6-amidino-2-naphthyl 4-aminobenzoate dimethanesulfonate
    —— tert-butyl (2R,3S)-3-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 1272599-12-8 C10H18FNO3
    tert-butyl (2R,3S)-3-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 2-(Naphthalen-1-yl)piperazinehydrochloride 2055842-01-6 C14H17ClN2
    2-(Naphthalen-1-yl)piperazinehydrochloride
    —— ethyl (R)-3-hydroxydecanoate 130322-00-8 C12H24O3
    ethyl (R)-3-hydroxydecanoate
    —— ethyl 3-fluoro-2-iodo-6-methylbenzoate 1417190-25-0 C10H10FIO2
    ethyl 3-fluoro-2-iodo-6-methylbenzoate
    —— 7-chloro-4-hydroxy-1,1-dioxo-1,2-dihydro-1λ<sup>6</sup>-thieno[3,4-<i>e</i>][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester 70374-51-5 C8H6ClNO5S2
    7-chloro-4-hydroxy-1,1-dioxo-1,2-dihydro-1λ<sup>6</sup>-thieno[3,4-<i>e</i>][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— cyclopentane;ditert-butyl-[1-[(1R)-2-dicyclohexylphosphanylcyclopentyl]ethyl]phosphane;iron 158923-11-6 C32H62FeP2
    cyclopentane;ditert-butyl-[1-[(1R)-2-dicyclohexylphosphanylcyclopentyl]ethyl]phosphane;iron
    —— 2,4-dihydroxy-6-n-hexylbenzoic acid, methyl ester 102342-63-2 C14H20O4
    2,4-dihydroxy-6-n-hexylbenzoic acid, methyl ester
    —— (S)-3-Hydroxy-decanoic acid ethyl ester 214193-71-2 C12H24O3
    (S)-3-Hydroxy-decanoic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2-chloro-12,12-dimethyl-12H-indeno[1,2-b]phenanthrene 1591629-73-0 C23H17Cl
    2-chloro-12,12-dimethyl-12H-indeno[1,2-b]phenanthrene