硫脲是一种含硫有机物,在制药工业中扮演着重要角色。它可以通过与丙二酸酯衍生物缩合生成硫代巴比土酸衍生物(俗名硫喷妥纳),这是一种有效的全身麻醉药物,静脉注射后能迅速产生麻醉效果,适用于短暂手术。此外,硫脲也是制备磺胺噻唑的重要原料之一,通过将其与α-卤代醛反应,再与对氨基苯磺酰氯结合,可以合成出磺胺噻唑(俗名消治龙)。这种药物在治疗各种传染病方面表现尤为有效,并于20世纪30年代广泛应用于医疗领域,是最早期的合成磺胺药之一。
硫脲还可用于制取甲基硫氧嘧啶(俗名肥猪粉),因其对猪的生长有促肥作用而得名。此外,硫脲及其衍生物具有抗甲状腺活性,如硫脲嘧啶能抑制甲状腺素的增长。它还可用作衣物和毛皮的驱虫剂、橡胶的硫化促进剂等。
除了在医药领域的应用外,硫脲还能与金属反应生成盐,尤其是与重金属反应生成的颜色不同的特征化合物且不溶于水,这可用于金属离子的比色分析。与其他化合物如卤代羧酸反应时,可生成硫脲基羧酸;与铅盐反应则能形成硫化铅镜面沉淀;与苯醌反应时可以同时生成苯并噁噻酮及苯并噻唑酮;并与环亚胺作用时使其开环。值得注意的是,硫脲具有腐蚀皮肤的特性,经口大鼠半数致死剂量为125 mg/kg。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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间甲苯基-2-硫脲 | (3-methylphenyl)thiourea | 621-40-9 | C8H10N2S |
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邻羟基苯基硫脲 | 2-hydroxyphenylthiourea | 1520-26-9 | C7H8N2OS |
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邻溴苯基硫脲 | 1-(2-bromophenyl)thiourea | 5391-30-0 | C7H7BrN2S |
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邻氯苯基硫脲 | o-chlorophenylthiourea | 5344-82-1 | C7H7ClN2S |
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诺昔硫脲 | noxythioline | 15599-39-0 | C3H8N2OS |
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苯胺基硫脲 | 1-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide | 645-48-7 | C7H9N3S |
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苯基硫脲 | monophenylthiourea | 103-85-5 | C7H8N2S |
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苯基-3-(2-噻唑基)-2-硫脲 | 1-phenyl-3-(thiazol-2-yl)thiourea | 14901-16-7 | C10H9N3S2 |
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脒基硫脲 | amidinothiocarbamide | 2114-02-5 | C2H6N4S |
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烯丙基硫脲 | Allylthiourea | 109-57-9 | C4H8N2S |
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水杨醛缩氨基硫脲 | salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone | 5351-90-6 | C8H9N3OS |
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正癸基硫脲 | 1-n-decyl-2-thiourea | 24827-74-5 | C11H24N2S |
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正己基硫脲 | n-Hexylthiourea | 21071-27-2 | C7H16N2S |
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正丙基硫脲 | propylthiourea | 927-67-3 | C4H10N2S |
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正丁基硫脲 | N-butylthiourea | 1516-32-1 | C5H12N2S |
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戊氧苯硫脲 | isoxyl | 910-86-1 | C23H32N2O2S |
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对硝基苯基硫脲 | p-nitrophenylthiourea | 3696-22-8 | C7H7N3O2S |
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对甲苯基硫脲 | p-methylphenylthiourea | 622-52-6 | C8H10N2S |
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对甲氧基苯基硫脲 | 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiourea | 2293-07-4 | C8H10N2OS |
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对吡啶基硫脲 | 1-(pyridin-4-yl)thiourea | 164670-44-4 | C6H7N3S |
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四甲基硫脲 | 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-2-thiourea | 2782-91-4 | C5H12N2S |
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叔丁基硫脲 | N-(t-butyl)thiourea | 7204-48-0 | C5H12N2S |
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亚乙基硫脲 | N,N'-ethylenethiourea | 96-45-7 | C3H6N2S |
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二甲醇硫脲 | N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)thiourea | 3084-25-1 | C3H8N2O2S |
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乙基硫脲 | ethyl-2-thiourea | 625-53-6 | C3H8N2S |
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丙酮缩氨基硫脲 | Acetone thiosemicarbazone | 1752-30-3 | C4H9N3S |
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丙烯硫脲 | 4(5)-methyl-2-imidazolinethione | 2122-19-2 | C4H8N2S |
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三甲基硫脲 | 1,1,3-trimethylthiourea | 2489-77-2 | C4H10N2S |
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S-乙基异硫脲氢溴酸盐 | 2-ethylisothiourea hydrobromide | 1071-37-0 | BrH*C3H8N2S |
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S-(4-氯苄基)氯化异硫脲 | S-(4-chlorobenzyl)isothiourea hydrochloride | 544-47-8 | C8H9ClN2S*ClH |
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N’-苯甲酰-N,N-二异丁基硫脲 | N'-benzoyl-N,N-diisobutylthiourea | 25343-27-5 | C16H24N2OS |
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N-邻甲苯基硫脲 | o-tolylthiourea | 614-78-8 | C8H10N2S |
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N-苯基-N’-乙基硫脲 | N-ethyl-N-phenylthiourea | 3955-58-6 | C9H12N2S |
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N-苄基硫脲 | N-benzylthiourea | 621-83-0 | C8H10N2S |
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N-硝基-S-甲基异硫脲 | methyl nitrocarbamimidothioate | 2986-25-6 | C2H5N3O2S |
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N-甲硫脲 | 1-(methyl)-thiourea | 598-52-7 | C2H6N2S |
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N-甲基-N-苯基硫脲 | 1-methyl-1-phenylthiourea | 4104-75-0 | C8H10N2S |
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N-甲基-N'-(2,4-二甲基苯基)硫脲 | N-(2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-N'-methyl-thiourea | 13278-55-2 | C10H14N2S |
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N-环己基-N’-[2-(4-吗啉基)乙基]-硫脲 | 1-Cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)-2-thiourea | 21545-54-0 | C13H25N3OS |
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N-氰基-N',S-二甲基异硫脲 | S-methyl-N-cyano-N<sup>1</sup>-methylcarbamimidothioate | 5848-24-8 | C4H7N3S |
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N-叔丁基-N'-苯基硫脲 | N-tert-butyl-N'-phenylthiourea | 14327-04-9 | C11H16N2S |
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N-三苯甲基硫脲 | N-tritylthiourea | 76758-01-5 | C20H18N2S |
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N-[4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]-硫脲 | 1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)thiourea | 142229-74-1 | C8H7F3N2OS |
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N-Boc-硫脲 | N-tert-butoxycarbonylthiourea | 268551-65-1 | C6H12N2O2S |
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N-BOC-N'-甲基硫脲 | (methylamino)thioxomethylcarbamic acid t-butyl ester | 887913-52-2 | C7H14N2O2S |
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N-(6-甲基-2-吡啶基)硫脲 | (6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-thiourea | 49600-34-2 | C7H9N3S |
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N-(5-氯-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-4-基)硫脲 | N-(5-Chlor-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl)-thioharnstoff | 51323-05-8 | C7H5ClN4S2 |
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N-(4-甲基-2-吡啶基)硫脲 | 1-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)thiourea | 21242-21-7 | C7H9N3S |
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N-(2-羟乙基)-N'-2-丙烯基硫脲 | 1-allyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-thiourea | 105-81-7 | C6H12N2OS |
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N-(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)硫脲 | 1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)thiourea | 91059-97-1 | C10H14N2S |
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