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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂

    有机试剂

    从公元初到19世纪中叶，主要利用天然有机物（如动植物的提取液）进行定性或定量分析。自19世纪下半叶至20世纪20年代，开始有了人工合成的有机试剂，例如乙黄原酸钾用于检验镍、铜、钼；桑色素用于检测铝；重氮偶合反应用于检测亚硝酸根；α-亚硝基-β-萘酚用于检测钴；丁二肟用于检验镍等。30年代提出特效基团后，在50年代末又提出了分析功能团理论，人们为了寻找不同离子的特效分析功能团，进行了大量有机试剂筛选工作，合成了许多具有实用价值的试剂（如铜试剂、新铜试剂、镉试剂、铍试剂、钍试剂等）。在50年代以前，络合物主要用于二元螯合物沉淀反应的定性检出、沉淀分离和重量分析。从50至60年代初，以络合滴定法为主，自60年代后期开始重点转向光度分析，并发展了螯合物有机溶剂萃取技术。8-羟基喹啉、腙类、肟类、羟肟酸类、多元酚类、1,10-邻二氮菲类、磷氧类萃取剂、β-二酮类、三苯基甲烷类酸性染料、呫吨类和偶氮染料等各类试剂得到广泛应用。同时，有机试剂的结构理论研究（如电子效应、空间效应、取代基的影响）促进了新型有机试剂的开发，例如杂环偶氮类试剂。这一时期还发展了单偶氮变色酸类和双偶氮变色酸类试剂。70年代中期，吸附剂和螯合树脂得到迅速发展。80年代以来，中国分析化学工作者在不对称双偶氮变色酸类试剂的合成与应用方面也取得了成果。

    有机试剂广泛应用于分析化学领域，主要用于溶剂、沉淀剂、络合剂、指示剂、显色剂以及表面活性剂等方面。为了满足不同分析需求，有时需对某种试剂进行纯化处理，液体有机试剂常采用蒸馏法提纯，固体物质则通过结晶或升华方法纯化。具有高蒸气压的有机试剂通常采用常压蒸馏；而对于难挥发和微溶于水的有机试剂，则可使用减压蒸馏或水蒸气蒸馏。

    蒸馏法是实验室中常用的有机试剂纯化方法，常见的蒸馏装置包括蒸馏器、冷凝器和接受器三部分，辅助设备还包括加热器、温度计、接液管、软木塞等。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (R,R<sub>p</sub>)-Walphos 849925-24-2 C50H52FeP2
    (R,R<sub>p</sub>)-Walphos
    —— Piperazine-1,4-diethanesulfonate sodium salt 10010-67-0 C8H17N2NaO6S2
    Piperazine-1,4-diethanesulfonate sodium salt
    —— 37222-66-5 H2KO13S3-4
    —— (S)-tert-butyl 2-(2-cyanopyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethylcarbamate 952023-06-2 C12H19N3O3
    (S)-tert-butyl 2-(2-cyanopyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethylcarbamate
    —— (2R,6R,7R)-Benzhydryl 7-benzamido-3-methylene-8-oxo-5-oxa-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-2-carboxylate 67977-91-7 C28H24N2O5
    (2R,6R,7R)-Benzhydryl 7-benzamido-3-methylene-8-oxo-5-oxa-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— tris(4-pyridylduryl)borane 1046498-57-0 C45H48BN3
    tris(4-pyridylduryl)borane
    —— 3H-Indolium, 2-[5-[1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1-[6-oxo-6-(2-propyn-1-ylamino)hexyl]-5-sulfo-2H-indol-2-ylidene]-1,3-pentadien-1-yl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-5-sulfo-, inner salt, ion(1-) 1617572-09-4 C35H41N3O7S2
    3H-Indolium, 2-[5-[1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1-[6-oxo-6-(2-propyn-1-ylamino)hexyl]-5-sulfo-2H-indol-2-ylidene]-1,3-pentadien-1-yl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-5-sulfo-, inner salt, ion(1-)
    —— ethyl 4-(mercaptomethyl)benzoate 57624-33-6 C10H12O2S
    ethyl 4-(mercaptomethyl)benzoate
    —— Ru(CO)3(η(4)-2,3-dimethylbutadiene) 52649-53-3 C9H10O3Ru
    Ru(CO)3(η(4)-2,3-dimethylbutadiene)
    —— carbanide,cyclopenta-1,3-diene,titanium(4+) 107333-47-1 C13H24Ti
    carbanide,cyclopenta-1,3-diene,titanium(4+)
    —— benzyl-trimethyl-ammonium; hydrogenmeta silicate 100-85-6 C10H16N*HO*O2Si
    benzyl-trimethyl-ammonium; hydrogenmeta silicate
    —— dimethyloctanediimidate dihydrochloride 34490-86-3 C10H20N2O2*2ClH
    dimethyloctanediimidate dihydrochloride
    —— 1-(Cyclohexylthioxomethyl)pyrrolidin 102861-83-6 C11H19NS
    1-(Cyclohexylthioxomethyl)pyrrolidin
    —— ethane;ethyl (E)-4-oxo-4-phenylbut-2-enoate 17450-56-5 C14H18O3
    ethane;ethyl (E)-4-oxo-4-phenylbut-2-enoate
    —— Methyl 5-hydroxy-3-methoxypicolinate 1256836-82-4 C8H9NO4
    Methyl 5-hydroxy-3-methoxypicolinate
    —— (R)-O-acetylmandeloyl chloride 49845-69-4 C10H9ClO3
    (R)-O-acetylmandeloyl chloride
    —— 2,4,6-Trimethyl-[1,3,5]triazinane; hydrate 58052-80-5 C6H15N3*3H2O
    2,4,6-Trimethyl-[1,3,5]triazinane; hydrate
    —— 4,5-Dichloro-2-methoxy-benzenesulfonyl chloride 35509-61-6 C7H5Cl3O3S
    4,5-Dichloro-2-methoxy-benzenesulfonyl chloride
    —— 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-ethynylphenyl) porphyrin 160240-15-3 C52H30N4
    5,10,15,20-tetra(4-ethynylphenyl) porphyrin
    —— Tetrt-butyl5-phenyl-1,4-diazepane-1-carboxylate 941712-23-8 C28H47N2O2-
    Tetrt-butyl5-phenyl-1,4-diazepane-1-carboxylate
    —— benzene-1,4-diol,(1Z,5Z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene,rhodium,tetrafluoroborate 120967-70-6 BF4*C14H18O2Rh
    benzene-1,4-diol,(1Z,5Z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene,rhodium,tetrafluoroborate
    —— (R)-1-{(S)-2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)ferrocenyl}ethyldiphenylphosphine 162291-01-2 C36H44FeP2
    (R)-1-{(S)-2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)ferrocenyl}ethyldiphenylphosphine
    —— tert-butyl (1R,3S,5S)-6-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ylcarbamate 250659-32-6 C10H17NO3
    tert-butyl (1R,3S,5S)-6-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ylcarbamate
    —— (1s,4s)-1-isocyanato-4-methylcyclohexane 32175-01-2 C8H13NO
    (1s,4s)-1-isocyanato-4-methylcyclohexane
    —— 4-amino-5-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-2,4-dihydro-3H[1,2,4]triazole-3-thione 406934-69-8 C14H12N4S
    4-amino-5-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-2,4-dihydro-3H[1,2,4]triazole-3-thione
    —— 3-Hexyl 5-amino-4-oxopentanoate Hydrochloride 396078-76-5 C11H21NO3*ClH
    3-Hexyl 5-amino-4-oxopentanoate Hydrochloride
    —— Josiphos SL-J006-1 292638-88-1 C40H40F12FeP2
    Josiphos SL-J006-1
    —— Magnesium di(2-propanolate) 15571-48-9 C3H8O*Mg
    Magnesium di(2-propanolate)
    —— 2,5-diiodoterephthaladehyde 1231999-67-9 C8H4I2O2
    2,5-diiodoterephthaladehyde
    —— Fmoc-Ser(αGalNAc)-OtBu 912840-54-1 C30H38N2O10
    Fmoc-Ser(αGalNAc)-OtBu
    —— Rhodium(1+), [(1,2,5,6-eta)-1,5-cyclooctadiene][(2S,2a(2)S,5S,5a(2)S)-1,1a(2)-(1,2-phenylene)bis[2,5-dimethylphospholane-I masculineP]]-, tetrafluoroborate(1-) 205064-10-4 C26H40BF4P2Rh-
    Rhodium(1+), [(1,2,5,6-eta)-1,5-cyclooctadiene][(2S,2a(2)S,5S,5a(2)S)-1,1a(2)-(1,2-phenylene)bis[2,5-dimethylphospholane-I masculineP]]-, tetrafluoroborate(1-)
    —— 4,5-Dihydro-2-(6-hydroxy-2-benzothiazolyl)-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid potassium salt 115144-35-9 C11H7KN2O3S2
    4,5-Dihydro-2-(6-hydroxy-2-benzothiazolyl)-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid potassium salt
    —— Azane;iron;phosphoric acid 10101-60-7 FeH6NO4P
    Azane;iron;phosphoric acid
    —— 4-(trans-4'-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanone 88074-73-1 C17H22
    4-(trans-4'-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanone
    —— N-cyano-N'-phenylthiourea 41835-08-9 C8H7N3S
    N-cyano-N'-phenylthiourea
    —— 5-Amino-4-mercapto-3-methyl-thiophen-2-carbonsaeureethylester 125270-11-3 C8H11NO2S2
    5-Amino-4-mercapto-3-methyl-thiophen-2-carbonsaeureethylester
    —— 1-((2S,3R)-1-(diphenylphosphino)-3((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)butan-2-yl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)thiourea 1333260-42-6 C32H44FN2OPSSi
    1-((2S,3R)-1-(diphenylphosphino)-3((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)butan-2-yl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)thiourea
    —— Cefprozil Impurity 5 1000980-59-5 C18H19N3O5S
    Cefprozil Impurity 5
    —— tetrapotassium 5,5',7,7'-indigotetrasulfonate 67627-19-4 C16H6N2O14S4*4K
    tetrapotassium 5,5',7,7'-indigotetrasulfonate
    —— Rhodium(1+), [(1,2,5,6-eta)-1,5-cyclooctadiene][(2R,2a(2)R,5R,5a(2)R)-1,1a(2)-(1,2-phenylene)bis[2,5-dimethylphospholane-I masculineP]]-, tetrafluoroborate(1-) 210057-23-1 C26H40BF4P2Rh-
    Rhodium(1+), [(1,2,5,6-eta)-1,5-cyclooctadiene][(2R,2a(2)R,5R,5a(2)R)-1,1a(2)-(1,2-phenylene)bis[2,5-dimethylphospholane-I masculineP]]-, tetrafluoroborate(1-)
    —— SL W008-1 849925-22-0 C46H44F12FeP2
    SL W008-1
    —— tris[triphenylphosphinegold(I)]oxonium tetrafluoroborate 53317-87-6 BF4*C54H45Au3OP3
    tris[triphenylphosphinegold(I)]oxonium tetrafluoroborate
    —— ethyl 2-((1r,4r)-4-aminocyclohexyl)acetate hydrochloride 76308-26-4 C10H19NO2*ClH
    ethyl 2-((1r,4r)-4-aminocyclohexyl)acetate hydrochloride
    —— N-BUTYLCYCLOPENTADIENYLZIRCONIUM TRICHLORIDE 329735-75-3 C9H13Cl3Zr
    N-BUTYLCYCLOPENTADIENYLZIRCONIUM TRICHLORIDE
    —— (+)-pinanediol (R)-1-amino-2-phenylethane-1-boronate trifluoroacetate salt 514820-49-6 C2HF3O2*C18H26BNO2
    (+)-pinanediol (R)-1-amino-2-phenylethane-1-boronate trifluoroacetate salt
    —— 1-diisopropylsilyl-2-[(4-chloromethyl)phenyl]ethane 214681-46-6 C15H25ClSi
    1-diisopropylsilyl-2-[(4-chloromethyl)phenyl]ethane
    —— tris(methylcyclopentadienyl)gadolinium(III) 39470-11-6 C18H21Gd
    tris(methylcyclopentadienyl)gadolinium(III)
    —— N,N,N',N'-tetramethylbenzidine cation radical 366-29-0 C16H20N2
    N,N,N',N'-tetramethylbenzidine cation radical
    —— (SCN)2 radical anion 34504-17-1 C2N2S2
    (SCN)2 radical anion
    —— diphenylethanedione radical anion 16827-94-4 C14H10O2
    diphenylethanedione radical anion