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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂

    有机试剂

    从公元初到19世纪中叶，主要利用天然有机物（如动植物的提取液）进行定性或定量分析。自19世纪下半叶至20世纪20年代，开始有了人工合成的有机试剂，例如乙黄原酸钾用于检验镍、铜、钼；桑色素用于检测铝；重氮偶合反应用于检测亚硝酸根；α-亚硝基-β-萘酚用于检测钴；丁二肟用于检验镍等。30年代提出特效基团后，在50年代末又提出了分析功能团理论，人们为了寻找不同离子的特效分析功能团，进行了大量有机试剂筛选工作，合成了许多具有实用价值的试剂（如铜试剂、新铜试剂、镉试剂、铍试剂、钍试剂等）。在50年代以前，络合物主要用于二元螯合物沉淀反应的定性检出、沉淀分离和重量分析。从50至60年代初，以络合滴定法为主，自60年代后期开始重点转向光度分析，并发展了螯合物有机溶剂萃取技术。8-羟基喹啉、腙类、肟类、羟肟酸类、多元酚类、1,10-邻二氮菲类、磷氧类萃取剂、β-二酮类、三苯基甲烷类酸性染料、呫吨类和偶氮染料等各类试剂得到广泛应用。同时，有机试剂的结构理论研究（如电子效应、空间效应、取代基的影响）促进了新型有机试剂的开发，例如杂环偶氮类试剂。这一时期还发展了单偶氮变色酸类和双偶氮变色酸类试剂。70年代中期，吸附剂和螯合树脂得到迅速发展。80年代以来，中国分析化学工作者在不对称双偶氮变色酸类试剂的合成与应用方面也取得了成果。

    有机试剂广泛应用于分析化学领域，主要用于溶剂、沉淀剂、络合剂、指示剂、显色剂以及表面活性剂等方面。为了满足不同分析需求，有时需对某种试剂进行纯化处理，液体有机试剂常采用蒸馏法提纯，固体物质则通过结晶或升华方法纯化。具有高蒸气压的有机试剂通常采用常压蒸馏；而对于难挥发和微溶于水的有机试剂，则可使用减压蒸馏或水蒸气蒸馏。

    蒸馏法是实验室中常用的有机试剂纯化方法，常见的蒸馏装置包括蒸馏器、冷凝器和接受器三部分，辅助设备还包括加热器、温度计、接液管、软木塞等。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(1-(p-tolyl)vinyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane 1404192-78-4 C15H21BO2
    4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(1-(p-tolyl)vinyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane
    —— (3-(4-Cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)boronic acid 1228182-96-4 C13H19BN2O2
    (3-(4-Cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)boronic acid
    —— (<i>R</i>)-2-hydroxy-butyric acid ; sodium-salt 5094-24-6 C4H7O3*Na
    (<i>R</i>)-2-hydroxy-butyric acid ; sodium-salt
    —— 1-(chloromethyl)-4-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]benzene 76628-22-3 C9H8ClNO2
    1-(chloromethyl)-4-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]benzene
    —— tert-butyl (S)-(1-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)carbamate 1035490-58-4 C13H18FNO3
    tert-butyl (S)-(1-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)carbamate
    —— ethyl 4-iodobicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylate 1299425-88-9 C11H17IO2
    ethyl 4-iodobicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylate
    —— Tert-butyl 3-amino-5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylate 887250-15-9 C9H12BrNO2S
    Tert-butyl 3-amino-5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylate
    —— (hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate)Ru(PPh3)2(Cl) 141686-21-7 C45H40BClN6P2Ru
    (hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate)Ru(PPh3)2(Cl)
    —— ethyl 2-oxo-4-(o-tolyl)but-3-ynoate 1330009-38-5 C13H12O3
    ethyl 2-oxo-4-(o-tolyl)but-3-ynoate
    —— tert-butyl 3-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)-2,2-dimethylpropanoate 1443300-56-8 C13H26O5
    tert-butyl 3-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)-2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— methyl ganoderate H 98665-11-3 C33H46O9
    methyl ganoderate H
    —— 6-bromonaphtho[2,3-b]benzofuran 1256544-24-7 C16H9BrO
    6-bromonaphtho[2,3-b]benzofuran
    —— potassium trifluoro((4-fluorophenyl)ethynyl)borate 1296155-59-3 C8H4BF4*K
    potassium trifluoro((4-fluorophenyl)ethynyl)borate
    —— (S)-1-iodo-2-methyl-butane 29394-58-9 C5H11I
    (S)-1-iodo-2-methyl-butane
    —— bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(tert-butyl)phosphine 1616979-93-1 C32H51P
    bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(tert-butyl)phosphine
    —— bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride 73364-08-6 C14H18Cl2Zr
    bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride
    —— TRIMETHYL CIS,CIS-1,3,5-CYCLOHEXANETRICARBOXYLATE 6998-83-0 C12H18O6
    TRIMETHYL CIS,CIS-1,3,5-CYCLOHEXANETRICARBOXYLATE
    —— 1615-70-9 C5H5N
    —— methyl (1-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)cyclopropane-1-carbonyl)glycinate 1012781-77-9 C15H18N2O5
    methyl (1-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)cyclopropane-1-carbonyl)glycinate
    —— methyl 3-chloro-5-iodo-4-methylbenzoate 21324-01-6 C9H8ClIO2
    methyl 3-chloro-5-iodo-4-methylbenzoate
    —— 5-bromo-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3-chloropyridine 1268816-39-2 C12H19BrClNOSi
    5-bromo-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3-chloropyridine
    —— (Z)-2-[3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ylidene]acetic acid 25227-36-5 C12H12O2
    (Z)-2-[3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ylidene]acetic acid
    —— N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine 70-25-7 C2H7N5O3
    N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
    —— bromozinc(1+),cyclopentane 171860-68-7 Br*C5H9Zn
    bromozinc(1+),cyclopentane
    —— N,N-diethylamine-borane 2670-68-0 C4H14BN
    N,N-diethylamine-borane
    —— cyclopenta-1,3-diene,dibenzylidenezirconium,9H-fluoren-9-ide,dichloride 132510-07-7 C31H22Cl2Zr
    cyclopenta-1,3-diene,dibenzylidenezirconium,9H-fluoren-9-ide,dichloride
    —— benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]furan-5-boronic acid 1256544-85-0 C16H11BO3
    benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]furan-5-boronic acid
    —— tert-butyl (3-iodo-2-methylphenyl)carbamate 1072801-05-8 C12H16INO2
    tert-butyl (3-iodo-2-methylphenyl)carbamate
    —— 3-chloro[1,1';4',1'']terphenyl-4''-carbaldehyde 1370618-98-6 C19H13ClO
    3-chloro[1,1';4',1'']terphenyl-4''-carbaldehyde
    —— methyl 2-amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)propanoate 6097-62-7 C10H12ClNO2
    methyl 2-amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)propanoate
    —— N<sup>α</sup>-Fmoc-Ser(Ac3-β-D-GlcNAc)-OPfp 160410-57-1 C38H35F5N2O13
    N<sup>α</sup>-Fmoc-Ser(Ac3-β-D-GlcNAc)-OPfp
    —— Oxoborinic acid;ZINC 14720-55-9 BHO2Zn
    Oxoborinic acid;ZINC
    —— 4'-Benzyl 3-methyl 2'-amino-6-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,4'-dicarboxylate 1381944-53-1 C22H18FNO4
    4'-Benzyl 3-methyl 2'-amino-6-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,4'-dicarboxylate
    —— (4-Fluoro-2-methylphenyl)methanesulfonyl chloride 1248508-79-3 C8H8ClFO2S
    (4-Fluoro-2-methylphenyl)methanesulfonyl chloride
    —— zinc 2-propanolate 13282-39-8 2C3H7O*Zn
    zinc 2-propanolate
    —— 2-trifluoromethyl-3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl boronic acid 866610-62-0 C9H9BF4O3
    2-trifluoromethyl-3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl boronic acid
    —— Methyl phaeophorbide 5594-30-9 C36H38N4O5
    Methyl phaeophorbide
    —— 1,7-bis(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)heptane 1031860-06-6 C13H20O2
    1,7-bis(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)heptane
    —— 6-Hexyl-2,4-dihydroxybenzoesaeureaethylester 34993-70-9 C15H22O4
    6-Hexyl-2,4-dihydroxybenzoesaeureaethylester
    —— [1-(2-diphenylphosphanylnaphthalen-1-yl)naphthalen-2-yl]-diphenylphosphane;N-methylmethanamine;ruthenium;trichloronioruthenium(1-);dichloride;dihydrochloride 199541-17-8 C92H86Cl10N2P4Ru4+2
    [1-(2-diphenylphosphanylnaphthalen-1-yl)naphthalen-2-yl]-diphenylphosphane;N-methylmethanamine;ruthenium;trichloronioruthenium(1-);dichloride;dihydrochloride
    —— Selenocystamine dihydrochloride 3542-13-0 C4H14Cl2N2Se2
    Selenocystamine dihydrochloride
    —— 2,7-Anthracenedisulfonic acid, 9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-, sodium salt 853-67-8 C14H6O8S2*2Na
    2,7-Anthracenedisulfonic acid, 9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-, sodium salt
    —— pregnenolone acetate 1778-02-5 C23H34O3
    pregnenolone acetate
    —— 2,4-bis(methylsulfonyl)-5,6-dihydrocyclobuta[d]-pyrimidine 1132642-66-0 C8H10N2O4S2
    2,4-bis(methylsulfonyl)-5,6-dihydrocyclobuta[d]-pyrimidine
    —— methyl 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole-9-carboxylate 1432477-07-0 C13H12ClNO2
    methyl 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole-9-carboxylate
    —— 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-phenylbenzo[d]oxazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate 1207294-92-5 BF4*C21H26NO
    5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-phenylbenzo[d]oxazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate
    —— toluene-4-sulfonic acid 3-(4-bromo-phenyl)-propyl ester 338800-22-9 C16H17BrO3S
    toluene-4-sulfonic acid 3-(4-bromo-phenyl)-propyl ester
    —— Beta-Methyl Vinyl Phosphate 90776-59-3 C29H27N2O10P
    Beta-Methyl Vinyl Phosphate
    —— Carbanide;cyclopenta-1,3-diene;tantalum;tetrachloride 71414-47-6 C10H20Cl4Ta-10
    Carbanide;cyclopenta-1,3-diene;tantalum;tetrachloride
    —— (R)-3-(1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol hydrochloride 1273259-50-9 C22H22F3NO*ClH
    (R)-3-(1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol hydrochloride