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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂

    有机试剂

    从公元初到19世纪中叶，主要利用天然有机物（如动植物的提取液）进行定性或定量分析。自19世纪下半叶至20世纪20年代，开始有了人工合成的有机试剂，例如乙黄原酸钾用于检验镍、铜、钼；桑色素用于检测铝；重氮偶合反应用于检测亚硝酸根；α-亚硝基-β-萘酚用于检测钴；丁二肟用于检验镍等。30年代提出特效基团后，在50年代末又提出了分析功能团理论，人们为了寻找不同离子的特效分析功能团，进行了大量有机试剂筛选工作，合成了许多具有实用价值的试剂（如铜试剂、新铜试剂、镉试剂、铍试剂、钍试剂等）。在50年代以前，络合物主要用于二元螯合物沉淀反应的定性检出、沉淀分离和重量分析。从50至60年代初，以络合滴定法为主，自60年代后期开始重点转向光度分析，并发展了螯合物有机溶剂萃取技术。8-羟基喹啉、腙类、肟类、羟肟酸类、多元酚类、1,10-邻二氮菲类、磷氧类萃取剂、β-二酮类、三苯基甲烷类酸性染料、呫吨类和偶氮染料等各类试剂得到广泛应用。同时，有机试剂的结构理论研究（如电子效应、空间效应、取代基的影响）促进了新型有机试剂的开发，例如杂环偶氮类试剂。这一时期还发展了单偶氮变色酸类和双偶氮变色酸类试剂。70年代中期，吸附剂和螯合树脂得到迅速发展。80年代以来，中国分析化学工作者在不对称双偶氮变色酸类试剂的合成与应用方面也取得了成果。

    有机试剂广泛应用于分析化学领域，主要用于溶剂、沉淀剂、络合剂、指示剂、显色剂以及表面活性剂等方面。为了满足不同分析需求，有时需对某种试剂进行纯化处理，液体有机试剂常采用蒸馏法提纯，固体物质则通过结晶或升华方法纯化。具有高蒸气压的有机试剂通常采用常压蒸馏；而对于难挥发和微溶于水的有机试剂，则可使用减压蒸馏或水蒸气蒸馏。

    蒸馏法是实验室中常用的有机试剂纯化方法，常见的蒸馏装置包括蒸馏器、冷凝器和接受器三部分，辅助设备还包括加热器、温度计、接液管、软木塞等。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— trimethyl((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ethynyl)silane 1604039-54-4 C10H18OSi
    trimethyl((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ethynyl)silane
    —— tert-butyl 3-amino-5-methoxybenzylcarbamate 1108723-86-9 C13H20N2O3
    tert-butyl 3-amino-5-methoxybenzylcarbamate
    —— sodium (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate 150-83-4 C4H6O3*2Na
    sodium (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate
    —— acridine; compound with chlorine 17784-47-3 C13H9N*Cl2
    acridine; compound with chlorine
    —— 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)but-3-en-2-ol 1429767-02-1 C10H19BO3
    3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)but-3-en-2-ol
    —— p-(2-cyano-1,2-diphenylvinyl)aniline 126159-22-6 C21H16N2
    p-(2-cyano-1,2-diphenylvinyl)aniline
    —— methyl 2-methyl-6-(isopropyl)nicotinate 1448776-75-7 C11H15NO2
    methyl 2-methyl-6-(isopropyl)nicotinate
    —— Strontium bis(2,3,4,5,5-pentamethylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide) 112379-48-3 C20H30Sr
    Strontium bis(2,3,4,5,5-pentamethylcyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ide)
    —— 3-bromo-2-methylbut-3-en-1-ol 1341128-42-4 C5H9BrO
    3-bromo-2-methylbut-3-en-1-ol
    —— 1370362-94-9 C13H4BrF4N
    —— 2-tert-butylcyclopenta-1,3-diene,carbanide,zirconium(4+) 68193-40-8 C20H32Zr
    2-tert-butylcyclopenta-1,3-diene,carbanide,zirconium(4+)
    —— [(1S,3R,4S,6R)-2,3-diacetyloxy-4,6-diazidocyclohexyl] acetate 90852-19-0 C12H16N6O6
    [(1S,3R,4S,6R)-2,3-diacetyloxy-4,6-diazidocyclohexyl] acetate
    —— methyl 6-methoxy-2-(3-pyridyl)quinoline-4-carboxylate 5110-25-8 C17H14N2O3
    methyl 6-methoxy-2-(3-pyridyl)quinoline-4-carboxylate
    —— (S)-tert-butyl 4-(2-amino-3-phenylpropanamido)benzoate 1094106-70-3 C20H24N2O3
    (S)-tert-butyl 4-(2-amino-3-phenylpropanamido)benzoate
    —— ethyl 2-(3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl)acetate 22299-11-2 C10H18N2O2
    ethyl 2-(3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl)acetate
    —— tert-butyl (1R,3S)-3-hydroxymethyl-2,2-dimethylcyclobutane-1-carbamate 1809088-77-4 C12H23NO3
    tert-butyl (1R,3S)-3-hydroxymethyl-2,2-dimethylcyclobutane-1-carbamate
    —— (5Z,9Z)-6,10,14-trimethylpentadeca-5,9,13-trien-2-one 762-29-8 C18H30O
    (5Z,9Z)-6,10,14-trimethylpentadeca-5,9,13-trien-2-one
    —— Sodium;3-hydroxy-4-[(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid 7143-21-7 C16H11N3NaO9S2+
    Sodium;3-hydroxy-4-[(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid
    —— Cetil Orange RR 5859-00-7 C16H12N2NaO7S2+
    Cetil Orange RR
    —— Acetic acid--2-methoxyphenol (1/1) 15212-03-0 C9H12O4
    Acetic acid--2-methoxyphenol (1/1)
    —— [2-[(8S,9S,10R,11S,13R,14S,17S)-11-hydroxy-13-[(E)-hydroxyiminomethyl]-10-methyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-oxoethyl] acetate 74220-49-8 C23H31NO6
    [2-[(8S,9S,10R,11S,13R,14S,17S)-11-hydroxy-13-[(E)-hydroxyiminomethyl]-10-methyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-oxoethyl] acetate
    —— tert-butyl hydroxy-(4-nitrophenyl)acetate 609339-95-9 C12H15NO5
    tert-butyl hydroxy-(4-nitrophenyl)acetate
    —— (S)-7,7-Difluorooctahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine dihydrochloride 1305712-21-3 C7H14Cl2F2N2
    (S)-7,7-Difluorooctahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine dihydrochloride
    —— Di-Sodium hydrogen phosphite pentahydrate 13517-23-2 H11Na2O8P
    Di-Sodium hydrogen phosphite pentahydrate
    —— 5-deoxy-L-ribose phenylhydrazone 123168-30-9 C11H16N2O3
    5-deoxy-L-ribose phenylhydrazone
    —— trifluoromethanesulfonic acid 2,6-dichloro-4-formylphenyl ester 188112-57-4 C8H3Cl2F3O4S
    trifluoromethanesulfonic acid 2,6-dichloro-4-formylphenyl ester
    —— diethyl 4-chloro-1H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylate 1382786-13-1 C9H11ClN2O4
    diethyl 4-chloro-1H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylate
    —— 2-Fluoro-4-methylbenzenesulfinic acid sodium salt 1233501-71-7 C7H6FO2S*Na
    2-Fluoro-4-methylbenzenesulfinic acid sodium salt
    —— Hafnium(4+);5-propan-2-ylcyclopenta-1,3-diene;trichloride 329736-06-3 C8H11Cl3Hf
    Hafnium(4+);5-propan-2-ylcyclopenta-1,3-diene;trichloride
    —— potassium 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2, 2-tetrafluoro-2-iodoethoxy)ethanesulfonate 105198-11-6 C4F8IO4S*K
    potassium 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2, 2-tetrafluoro-2-iodoethoxy)ethanesulfonate
    —— Pubchem_53485859 268220-96-8 C32H58BF4FeP2Rh-
    Pubchem_53485859
    —— Silane, bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yldimethoxymethyl- 104821-32-1 C10H20O2Si
    Silane, bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yldimethoxymethyl-
    —— methyl 3,3-dimethoxycyclobutene-2-carboxylate 142645-58-7 C8H12O4
    methyl 3,3-dimethoxycyclobutene-2-carboxylate
    —— trans-(2-bromovinyl) MIDA boronate 1104636-68-1 C7H9BBrNO4
    trans-(2-bromovinyl) MIDA boronate
    —— hexasodium,benzene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexathiolate 110431-65-7 C6S6*6Na
    hexasodium,benzene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexathiolate
    —— 1-bromo-3-(bismethoxycarbonylmethyl)bicyclo<1.1.1>pentane 136399-13-8 C10H13BrO4
    1-bromo-3-(bismethoxycarbonylmethyl)bicyclo<1.1.1>pentane
    —— (R,S<sub>P</sub>)-Josiphos-13 849924-49-8 C44H48FeO2P2
    (R,S<sub>P</sub>)-Josiphos-13
    —— (S)-1-[(S)-1-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]-2-[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ferrocene 388079-58-1 C42H36FeP2
    (S)-1-[(S)-1-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]-2-[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ferrocene
    —— 9,10-p-bis(p-N,N-diphenylaminostyryl)benzene 55035-42-2 C46H36N2
    9,10-p-bis(p-N,N-diphenylaminostyryl)benzene
    —— 1-(2-carboxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate 1422284-23-8 CF3O3S*C7H11N2O2
    1-(2-carboxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate
    —— trans-4-acetoxy-3-[1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-2-azetidinone 76855-69-1 C13H25NO4Si
    trans-4-acetoxy-3-[1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-2-azetidinone
    —— 3-(1-Methylcyclobutyl)prop-2-enenitrile 2154505-00-5 C8H11N
    3-(1-Methylcyclobutyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— 3,3'-dibromo-5H,5'H,6H,6'H,7H,7'H,8H,8'H-[1,1'-binaphthalene]-2,2'-diol sulfanylidene 765278-73-7 C20H22Br2O2S
    3,3'-dibromo-5H,5'H,6H,6'H,7H,7'H,8H,8'H-[1,1'-binaphthalene]-2,2'-diol sulfanylidene
    —— meso-ethylenebis(1-indenyl)zirconium dichloride 162429-20-1 C20H18Cl2Zr
    meso-ethylenebis(1-indenyl)zirconium dichloride
    —— 1,2-Ethanediamine, N'-[3-(dimethoxymethylsilyl)propyl]-N,N-dimethyl- 94491-23-3 C10H26N2O2Si
    1,2-Ethanediamine, N'-[3-(dimethoxymethylsilyl)propyl]-N,N-dimethyl-
    —— 1-O-[(5xi,9xi,18alpha)-28-oxo-3-{[3-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl]oxy}olean-12-en-28-yl]-beta-D-glucopyranose 95851-41-5 C47H74O18
    1-O-[(5xi,9xi,18alpha)-28-oxo-3-{[3-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl]oxy}olean-12-en-28-yl]-beta-D-glucopyranose
    —— methyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1-carboxylate hydrochloride 212958-77-5 C11H13NO2*(x)ClH
    methyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1-carboxylate hydrochloride
    —— BIS(ETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL)NIOBIUM(IV) D& 78885-50-4 C14H18Cl2Nb
    BIS(ETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL)NIOBIUM(IV) D&
    —— 4-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-methyloxazole 101273-56-7 C16H13NO
    4-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-methyloxazole
    —— <3-Carboxy-phenyl>-trifluormethyl-selenid 15875-72-6 C8H5F3O2Se
    <3-Carboxy-phenyl>-trifluormethyl-selenid