硅烷也被称为硅氢化合物,是由硅和氢两种元素组成的化合物。最简单的代表物如甲硅烷(SiH₄)和乙硅烷(Si₂H₆),在组成、结构及物理性质方面与烷烃相似,但亦存在差异。硅烷通常只包含数量不多的硅原子同系物,目前已知最长的链是Si₆H₁₄。
相较于烷烃,硅烷的化学性质更为活泼,Si—H键比C—H键更容易断裂,且热稳定性较差,容易分解为硅和氢。分子量较大的硅烷更加不稳定,在空气中易自燃生成二氧化硅(SiO₂)和水,并能被碱溶液水解。然而,烷基取代的硅烷则具有较好的热稳定性,例如(CH₃)₄Si在空气中不会发生自燃。
室温下,硅烷与卤素反应极为剧烈,可生成卤硅烷;在催化剂存在的情况下,还能与卤化氢作用生成相应的卤化物。尽管硅烷难以合成,目前仍处于理论研究阶段。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
(2-溴乙氧基)-特丁基二甲基硅烷 | (2-Bromoethoxy)-tert-butyldimethylsilane | 86864-60-0 | C8H19BrOSi |
|
马来酸双(三甲硅烷)酯 | bis(trimethylsilyl) malonate | 18457-04-0 | C9H20O4Si2 |
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辛基三氯硅烷 | octyltrichlorosilane | 5283-66-9 | C8H17Cl3Si |
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苯胺甲基三甲氧基硅烷 | N-[(trimethoxysilyl)methyl]aniline | 77855-73-3 | C10H17NO3Si |
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苯硅烷 | phenylsilane | 694-53-1 | C6H8Si |
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苯基硫三甲基硅烷 | Phenylthiotrimethylsilane | 4551-15-9 | C9H14SSi |
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苯基二甲基氯硅烷 | Chlorodimethylphenylsilane | 768-33-2 | C8H11ClSi |
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苯基三乙氧基硅烷 | Phenyltriethoxysilan | 780-69-8 | C12H20O3Si |
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苄基三甲基硅烷 | benzyltrimethylsilane | 770-09-2 | C10H16Si |
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羟丁基三甲基硅烷 | 4-(trimethylsilyl)-1-butanol | 2917-40-0 | C7H18OSi |
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碘甲基三甲基硅烷 | iodo(trimethylsilyl)methane | 4206-67-1 | C4H11ISi |
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碘代三甲硅烷 | trimethylsilyl iodide | 16029-98-4 | C3H9ISi |
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硅烷偶联剂 KH-540 | 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine | 13822-56-5 | C6H17NO3Si |
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硅烷 | silane-d4 | 13537-07-0 | H4Si |
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癸基二甲基氯硅烷 | chloro(decyl)dimethylsilane | 38051-57-9 | C12H27ClSi |
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癸基三氯硅烷 | n-decyltrichlorosilane | 13829-21-5 | C10H21Cl3Si |
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甲硅烷基溴代乙酸三甲酯 | trimethylsilyl bromoacetate | 18291-80-0 | C5H11BrO2Si |
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甲氧基二甲基苯硅烷 | methoxydimethylphenylsilane | 17881-88-8 | C9H14OSi |
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甲氧基三苯基硅烷 | methoxy-triphenyl-silane | 1829-41-0 | C19H18OSi |
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甲基苯基二甲氧基硅烷 | dimethoxy(methyl)phenylsilane | 3027-21-2 | C9H14O2Si |
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甲基硅烷三醇 | methylsilanetriol | 2445-53-6 | CH6O3Si |
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甲基氯 | chloro(methyl)phenylsilane | 1631-82-9 | C7H9ClSi |
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甲基十八烷基二氯化硅烷 | n-octadecylmethyldichlorosilane | 5157-75-5 | C19H40Cl2Si |
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甲基二苯基氯硅烷 | chlorodiphenymethylsilane | 144-79-6 | C13H13ClSi |
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甲基二乙氧基硅烷 | diethoxymethylane | 2031-62-1 | C5H14O2Si |
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甲基乙烯基二甲氧基硅烷 | methylvinyldimethoxysilane | 16753-62-1 | C5H12O2Si |
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甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷 | Dichloromethylvinylsilane | 124-70-9 | C3H6Cl2Si |
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甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷 | Y-9936 | 21142-29-0 | C13H26O5Si |
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甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三(三甲基硅氧烷基)硅烷 | 3-[3,3,3-trimethyl-1,1-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]disiloxanyl]propyl methacrylate | 17096-07-0 | C16H38O5Si4 |
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甲基三苯氧基硅烷 | methyltriphenoxysilane | 3439-97-2 | C19H18O3Si |
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甲基三烯丙基硅烷 | methyltriallylsilane | 1112-91-0 | C10H18Si |
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甲基三正丁氧基硅烷 | tributoxy-methyl-silane | 5581-68-0 | C13H30O3Si |
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甲基三异丙氧基硅烷 | methyl tri-isopropyloxysilane | 5581-67-9 | C10H24O3Si |
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甲基三乙酰氧基硅烷 | methyltriacetoxysilane | 4253-34-3 | C7H12O6Si |
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甲基三乙氧基硅烷 | Methyltriethoxysilan | 2031-67-6 | C7H18O3Si |
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甲基(烯丙基)二甲氧基硅烷 | methylallyldimethoxysilane | 67681-66-7 | C6H14O2Si |
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烯丙基二甲基氯硅烷 | Allylchlorodimethylsilane | 4028-23-3 | C5H11ClSi |
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烯丙基二氯甲基硅烷 | allyldichloromethylsilane | 1873-92-3 | C4H8Cl2Si |
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烯丙基三甲基硅烷 | allyl-trimethyl-silane | 762-72-1 | C6H14Si |
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烯丙基三乙酰氧基硅烷 | allyltriacetoxysilane | 5929-71-5 | C9H14O6Si |
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炔丙基三甲基硅烷 | Propargyltrimethylsilane | 13361-64-3 | C6H12Si |
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溴甲基二甲基氯硅烷 | bromomethyldimethylsilyl chloride | 16532-02-8 | C3H8BrClSi |
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氯甲基甲基二苯基硅烷 | chloromethyl-methyl-diphenyl-silane | 18407-40-4 | C14H15ClSi |
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氯甲基二甲基氯硅烷 | Chloro(chloromethyl)dimethylsilane | 1719-57-9 | C3H8Cl2Si |
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氯甲基三甲基硅烷 | Chloromethyltrimethylsilane | 2344-80-1 | C4H11ClSi |
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氯甲基三乙氧基硅烷 | chloromethyltriethoxysilane | 15267-95-5 | C7H17ClO3Si |
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氯甲基)(三乙基)硅烷 | triethylchloromethylsilane | 757-34-6 | C7H17ClSi |
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氯二甲基辛硅烷 | dimethyl-n-octylchlorosilane | 18162-84-0 | C10H23ClSi |
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氢化物三(三甲基甲硅烷基)锗 | Silane, germylidynetris[trimethyl- | 104164-54-7 | C9H27GeSi3 |
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正辛基三乙氧基硅烷 | triethoxy(octyl)silane | 2943-75-1 | C14H32O3Si |
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