Phenylhydrazine appears as pale yellow crystals. Melting point 66°F. Becomes an oily liquid. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. Flash point 192°F. Autoignition temperature 345°F. Soluble in alcohol.
颜色/状态:
Monoclinic prisms or oil
气味:
Faint, aromatic odor.
蒸汽密度:
3.7 (air= 1)
蒸汽压力:
0.026 mm Hg at 25 °C
亨利常数:
Henry's Law constant = 2.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C /Estimated/
In rabbits, ...urinary metabolites, p-hydroxyphenylhydrazine and the phenylhydrazines of pyruvic and oxoglutaric acid, were excreted for 10 days following /oral/ dosing.
Phenylhydrazine is extensively metabolized following oral administration, although the complete metabolic pathway has not been characterized. The main reactions identified in this study were hydroxylation of the aromatic ring to p-hydroxyphenylhydrazine, followed by conjugation, probably with glucuronic acid, and production of phenylhydrazones, by reaction with natural keto acids.
Evidence from a number of studies in vitro and in vivo suggests that phenylhydrazine interacts with hemoglobin and cytochrome P-450 in an oxidation reaction, resulting in the generation of destructive free radicals, which are responsible for subsequent hemolysis.
IDENTIFICATION: Phenylhydrazine exists as yellow to brown crystals or as a yellowish oily liquid. This chemical is used world wide mainly as a chemical intermediate in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and chemical industries. HUMAN EXPOSURE: The number of persons potentially exposed to phenylhydrazine or its hydrochloride salt is unknown, but is expected to be small. No personal exposure data were available. There is evidence that phenylhydrazine has skin sensitizing properties in humans. There are no adequate data available regarding the reproductive or developmental effects, hence, it is not possible to evaluate the risk to human health for these endpoints. The level of risk in occupational settings is uncertain; as a result, there is a continuing requirement to reduce exposure levels with the technology currently available. The lack of available data to serve as a basis for estimation of indirect exposure of individuals to phenylhydrazine from the general environment precludes the characterization of potential cancer risks for the general population. ANIMAL/PLANT STUDIES: The limited data on the toxicokinetics indicate that phenylhydrazine is well absorbed by inhalation, oral and dermal routes and binds readily with hemoglobin in red blood cells. Metabolism seems to occur via ring hydroxylation and conjugation, probably with glucuronic acid. Excretion is primarily via the urine. Phenylhydrazine is toxic by single exposure via the oral route (LD50 80-188 mg/kg body weight) and is expected to be toxic by inhalation and dermal routes (data from these routes are less clear). Phenylhydrazine has potential for skin and eye irritation. Exposure to this chemical may cause damage to red blood cells, potentially resulting in anemia and consequential secondary involvement of other tissues such as the spleen and liver. Phenylhydrazine is mutagenic in vitro, and there is some evidence to indicate that it may express genotoxic activity in vivo. The substance is clearly carcinogenic in mice following oral dosing, inducing tumors of the vascular system. Phenylhydrazine is readily biodegradable. Phenylhydrazine is toxic to aquatic organisms, with the lowest reported no observed effect concentration (NOEC) in standard acute fish tests at 0.01 mg/l; fish are generally more sensitive than either daphnids or bacteria. A NOEC of 0.49 ug/l has been reported for embryo larval stages of the zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
A3; 已确认的动物致癌物,对人类的相关性未知。
A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入其气溶胶、通过皮肤接触以及吞食被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
Evidence from toxicokinetic and toxicity studies and from human experience indicates that phenylhydrazine is well absorbed by the inhalation, oral, and dermal routes in animals and humans.
In rabbits, 30-60% of an oral dose of phenylhydrazine was excreted in the urine in 48 hr and (40-60% in 4 days). 5-10% of the radioactivity was found in erythrocytes 4 days postdosing.
Fused bicyclic cyclopropanes were converted by Lewis acid‐catalysis with thioureas to furo‐, pyrano, and pyrrololactams with yields of up to 99% and high diastereoselectivity. The formation of the title compounds, representing a formal [4+1]‐cycloaddition to a donor‐acceptor substituted cyclopropane, follows a cascade reaction involving SN1‐type ring‐opening addition and cyclization. Thiourea, being a cost‐effective and odorless reagent, acts as an N,N‐bis‐nucleophile to generate bicyclic compounds containing an N‑substituted γ‐lactam moiety.
Plant Growth Regulator Daminozide Is a Selective Inhibitor of Human KDM2/7 Histone Demethylases
作者:Nathan R. Rose、Esther C. Y. Woon、Anthony Tumber、Louise J. Walport、Rasheduzzaman Chowdhury、Xuan Shirley Li、Oliver N. F. King、Clarisse Lejeune、Stanley S. Ng、Tobias Krojer、Mun Chiang Chan、Anna M. Rydzik、Richard J. Hopkinson、Ka Hing Che、Michelle Daniel、Claire Strain-Damerell、Carina Gileadi、Grazyna Kochan、Ivanhoe K. H. Leung、James Dunford、Kar Kheng Yeoh、Peter J. Ratcliffe、Nicola Burgess-Brown、Frank von Delft、Susanne Muller、Brian Marsden、Paul E. Brennan、Michael A. McDonough、Udo Oppermann、Robert J. Klose、Christopher J. Schofield、Akane Kawamura
DOI:10.1021/jm300677j
日期:2012.7.26
N-demethylation of Nε-methyl lysine residues in histones and are current therapeutic targets. A set of human 2-oxoglutarate analogues were screened using a unified assay platform for JmjC demethylases and related oxygenases. Results led to the finding that daminozide (N-(dimethylamino)succinamic acid, 160 Da), a plant growth regulator, selectivelyinhibits the KDM2/7 JmjC subfamily. Kinetic and crystallographic
[EN] PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVES USEFUL AS INHIBITORS OF FAAH<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE PYRAZOLE UTILES COMME INHIBITEURS DE FAAH
申请人:MERCK & CO INC
公开号:WO2009151991A1
公开(公告)日:2009-12-17
The present invention is directed to certain imidazole derivatives which are useful as inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH). The invention is also concerned with pharmaceutical formulations comprising these compounds as active ingredients and the use of the compounds and their formulations in the treatment of certain disorders, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, skeletomuscular pain, and fibromyalgia, as well as acute pain, migraine, sleep disorder, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson's disease
[EN] IMPROVED SYNTHETIC METHODS OF MAKING (2H-1,2,3-TRIAZOL-2-YL)PHENYL COMPOUNDS AS OREXIN RECEPTOR MODULATORS<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉS SYNTHÉTIQUES AMÉLIORÉS POUR LA FABRICATION DE COMPOSÉS DE (2H-1,2,3-TRIAZOL-2-YL)PHÉNYLE UTILISÉS COMME MODULATEURS DES RÉCEPTEURS DE L'OREXINE
申请人:JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA NV
公开号:WO2021023843A1
公开(公告)日:2021-02-11
Processes for preparing (((3aR,6aS)-5-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)(2-fluoro-6-(2H-l,2,3-triazol-2- yl)phenyl)methanone are described, which are useful for commercial manufacturing. Said compound is an orexin receptor modulator and may be useful in pharmaceutical compositions and methods for the treatment of diseased states, disorders, and conditions mediated by orexin activity, such as insomnia and depression.
Synthesis of poly-functionalized pyrazoles under Vilsmeier-Haack reaction conditions
作者:Aleksandr V. Popov、Valentina A. Kobelevskaya、Ludmila I. Larina、Igor B. Rozentsveig
DOI:10.24820/ark.5550190.p010.934
日期:——
Synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted 5-chloro-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes was achieved by formylation of the corresponding 5-chloro-1H-pyrazoles under Vilsmeier-Haack conditions.
Synthesis, Structure, Chemical Stability, and In Vitro Cytotoxic Properties of Novel Quinoline-3-Carbaldehyde Hydrazones Bearing a 1,2,4-Triazole or Benzotriazole Moiety
-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazonomethyl]quinoline (5e) showed a cytostatic effect on the cancer cell lines, whereas N′-[(2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)quinolin-3-yl)methylene]-benzohydrazide (7a) and N′-[(2-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)quinolin-3-yl)methylene]-naphthalene-2-sulfonohydrazide (9h) exhibited selective activity against the pancreas cancer DAN-G and cervical cancer SISO cell lines. Based on the determined IC50