性状
黄芩素为棕色至浅黄色结晶性粉末,气味轻微,味道苦涩。
用途
黄芩素能降低脑血管阻力,改善脑血循环并增加脑血流量,还具有抗血小板凝集的作用。临床主要用于治疗脑血管病后的瘫痪症状。
概述
黄芩苷是从黄芩根中提取分离的一种黄酮类化合物,在常温下为淡黄色粉末,味苦。它难溶于甲醇、乙醇和丙酮,微溶于氯仿和硝基苯,几乎不溶于水,但可溶于热乙酸。遇三氯化铁会显绿色,并与乙酸铅生成橙色沉淀。黄芩苷在碱及氨水中初显黄色,随后变为黑棕色。
该化合物具有显著的生物活性,如抑菌、利尿、抗炎、降胆固醇、抗血栓形成、缓解哮喘、泻火解毒、止血、安胎、抗变态反应和解痉等作用。此外,黄芩苷还是哺乳动物肝脏涎酶的特异性抑制剂,能调节某些疾病,并具有较强的抗癌活性。
主要应用于治疗湿温、暑温胸闷呕吐、湿热痞满、泻痢黄疸、肺热咳嗽、高热烦渴、血热吐血、痈肿疮毒、胎动不安等症状。另外,黄芩苷还能吸收紫外线,清除氧自由基和抑制黑色素的生成,是一种很好的功能性美容化妆品原料。
提取来源
由双子叶唇形科植物黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)的干燥根部提取而得。
化学性质
易溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、吡啶中,可溶于碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠和氢氧化钠等碱性溶液。但其在碱液中不稳定,逐渐变为暗棕色。微溶于热冰醋酸,难溶于甲酸、乙酸和丙酮,几乎不溶于水、乙醚、苯或氯仿。
用途
主要用于治疗传染性肝炎、急性黄疸型及慢性肝炎、急性胆道感染、铅中毒等病症;作为抗菌药用于泻火解毒、止血、安胎;具有广谱抗菌作用,并能利胆、抗炎、抗变态反应、解热、解毒、利尿和降压。临床上用于治疗传染性肝炎,能降低肝炎活动期中谷丙转氨酶;还可用于治疗中风和瘫痪,增加脑血流量,提高血脑屏障通透性和对抗磷酸腺苷引起的血小板凝集作用。
黄芩素还能吸收紫外线、清除氧自由基并抑制黑色素生成,是一种优秀的功能性美容化妆品原料。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 5,6,7-triacetoxyflavone | 67047-05-6 | C21H16O8 | 396.353 |
—— | 5,6-Diacetoxy-7-hydroxyflavon | 67047-07-8 | C19H14O7 | 354.316 |
—— | 5,6-Diacetoxy-7-benzyloxyflavon | 67047-06-7 | C26H20O7 | 444.441 |
黄芩素 | 5,6,7-trihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | 491-67-8 | C15H10O5 | 270.241 |
6-[[[5-(2,4-二氧代嘧啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基四氢呋喃-2-基]甲氧基-羟基磷酰]氧基-羟基磷酰]氧基-3,4,5-三羟基四氢吡喃-2-羧酸 | UDP-glucuronic acid | 2616-64-0 | C15H22N2O18P2 | 580.29 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
千层纸素A-7-0-B-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷 | oroxyloside | 36948-76-2 | C22H20O11 | 460.394 |
黄芩苷甲酯 | Baicalin methyl ester | 82475-03-4 | C22H20O11 | 460.394 |
—— | baicalein-6-O-β-D-glucopyranuronoside-7-O-β-D-glucopyranuronoside | 126553-37-5 | C27H26O17 | 622.493 |
—— | baicalin ethyl ester | —— | C23H22O11 | 474.421 |
—— | oroxylin A 7-O-β-D-methylglucuronide | 82475-02-3 | C23H22O11 | 474.421 |
—— | Baicalein-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosiduronsaeure | 35990-03-5 | C21H18O11 | 446.367 |
千层纸苷A | Oroxin A | 57396-78-8 | C21H20O10 | 432.384 |
—— | 6-O-β-glucopyranuronosyl-baicalein 7-O-sulfate | 126527-77-3 | C21H18O14S | 526.432 |
—— | baicalin-Leu-NH2 | 1017239-69-8 | C27H30N2O11 | 558.542 |
—— | 5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-6,7-diyl diacetate | 731817-58-6 | C19H14O7 | 354.316 |
四乙酰基野黄芩素 | 4,5,6,7-tetra-O-acetylflavone | 1180-46-7 | C23H18O10 | 454.39 |
—— | oroxylin A 7-acetyl ester | 123549-15-5 | C18H14O6 | 326.306 |
—— | 5,6,7-triacetoxyflavone | 67047-05-6 | C21H16O8 | 396.353 |
—— | 6-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one | —— | C18H16O7 | 344.321 |
—— | 5,6-dihydroxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyloxy)-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one | 1310461-23-4 | C20H18O5 | 338.36 |
—— | 7-(benzyloxy)-5-hydroxy-6-(2-(4-hydroxypiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethoxy)-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one | —— | C29H27NO7 | 501.536 |
—— | 5,7-dihydroxy-6-((5-hydroxypentyl)oxy)-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one | —— | C20H20O6 | 356.375 |
—— | 5,7-dihydroxy-6-((5-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)pentyl)oxy)-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one | —— | C22H25NO6 | 399.444 |
—— | 7-(benzyloxy)-5-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one | 1357354-95-0 | C24H20O6 | 404.419 |
—— | 5,7-dihydroxy-6-(4-hydroxybutoxy)-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one | —— | C19H18O6 | 342.348 |
—— | 2-((7-(benzyloxy)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-6-yl)oxy)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acetamide | —— | C26H23NO7 | 461.471 |
—— | 7-(benzyloxy)-5-hydroxy-6-(2-oxo-2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one | —— | C28H26N2O6 | 486.524 |
5,6,7三甲氧基黄酮 | 5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone | 973-67-1 | C18H16O5 | 312.322 |
黄芩素-7-甲醚 | 5,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone | 29550-13-8 | C16H12O5 | 284.268 |
—— | 2-((5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-6-yl)oxy)acetic acid | —— | C17H12O7 | 328.278 |
—— | 7-O-Benzylbaicalein | 5928-35-8 | C22H16O5 | 360.366 |
—— | 5,7-dihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one | —— | C17H14O6 | 314.295 |
—— | 2-((5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-6-yl)oxy)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acetamide | —— | C19H17NO7 | 371.346 |
—— | 2-((5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-6-yl)oxy)-N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)acetamide | —— | C21H22N2O6 | 398.415 |
—— | 5,6,7,4'-tetraacetoxy-8-nitroflavone | 1374218-56-0 | C23H17NO12 | 499.387 |
—— | 5,7-dihydroxy-6-(2-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethoxy)-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one | —— | C23H24N2O7 | 440.453 |
千层纸素A | oroxylin A | 480-11-5 | C16H12O5 | 284.268 |
—— | 8-morpholinemethylene baicalein | 852333-36-9 | C20H19NO6 | 369.374 |
—— | 5,6,7-trihydroxy-8-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one | 1060171-92-7 | C21H22N2O5 | 382.416 |
—— | 5,6,7-trihydroxy-2-phenyl-8-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one | 1060171-73-4 | C20H19NO5 | 353.375 |
黄芩素 | 5,6,7-trihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | 491-67-8 | C15H10O5 | 270.241 |