芴是煤焦油的一种分离产品,应用广泛且价格低廉。其衍生物作为重要的精细化学品原料,在医药、农药、染料、塑料及功能高分子材料等领域发挥着重要作用。2-溴芴是芴的一个重要衍生物,适用于合成医药和OLED材料,特别是对2-溴芴的9位进行修饰后,可用于制备具有独特光电性质的材料。
用途2-溴芴用作试剂,在氮氧化物介导下聚合二溴氟丁二烯标记的聚苯乙烯。在农业领域,它还被用作番茄病害控制的杀菌剂。当前,正在研究其对人类可能产生的致癌作用。
制备将172克质量分数为46%的氢溴酸(0.98摩尔)与32.3克2-氨基芴(0.178摩尔)加入500毫升三口瓶中,搅拌并加热至回流反应2小时。随后换用50℃水浴加热,并逐步加入25.5克溴化亚铜(0.178摩尔)。均匀混合后滴加14.8克亚硝酸钠与70毫升水配成的溶液,继续保温反应1小时。加入200毫升甲苯和50毫升水,搅拌30分钟以溶解产物,过滤去除盐分,进行分液、水洗,并浓缩处理。最终使用175毫升乙醇重结晶后获得浅黄色晶体产品38.7克,收率为88.7%,气相色谱纯度为99.4%。
继续用230毫升(90-120℃)石油醚加热溶解上述产物,并通过装有40克硅胶(80-120目)的预热层析柱进行过滤。每完成一次洗脱后使用40毫升热石油醚冲洗三次,过柱液冷却、冷冻析晶,最终获得白色片状晶体34.6克,收率为79.3%,气相色谱纯度为99.85%,液相色谱纯度为99.69%(254nm),熔点为113.3-113.5℃(升温速率为0.5℃/min)。产品为高纯度的2-溴芴。
概述工业上,2-溴芴常被用作合成OLED材料的中间体。通过超声辐射下的Barbier-type反应,它可以研究芳基溴转化为芳基三乙氧基硅烷的过程。此外,实验室中以碳酸丙烯酯为溶剂、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)作为溴化试剂,进行芴的溴代反应时,可以合成2-溴芴和2,7-二溴芴。通过优化反应条件(如温度、NBS用量等),可以确定最佳合成条件:反应温度为23℃,NBS与芴的物质的量比为1.1:1,且分批加入NBS。最终产物经过无水乙醇或冰醋酸重结晶后,其液相色谱纯度均可达99%以上。
用途医药中间体及合成光电材料的重要原料。通过超声辐射下的Barbier-type反应,2-溴芴可研究芳基溴的转化过程,并用于制备N-咔唑端封寡聚芴。工业上,它还作为OLED材料的中间体使用。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
2,7-二溴芴 | 2,7-dibromo-9H-fluorene | 16433-88-8 | C13H8Br2 | 324.015 |
芴 | 9H-fluorene | 86-73-7 | C13H10 | 166.222 |
2-溴-9-芴酮 | 2-bromofluoren-9-one | 3096-56-8 | C13H7BrO | 259.102 |
2-氨基芴 | 2-aminofluorene | 153-78-6 | C13H11N | 181.237 |
—— | 2-Brom-9-acetylfluoren | 62731-47-9 | C15H11BrO | 287.156 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 2-fluoro-7-bromofluorene | 1806-21-9 | C13H8BrF | 263.109 |
2-溴-7-氯芴 | 2-bromo-7-chloro-9H-fluorene | 99586-26-2 | C13H8BrCl | 279.564 |
2-溴-7-碘芴 | 2-bromo-7-iodofluorene | 123348-27-6 | C13H8BrI | 371.015 |
—— | 2-hydroxy-7-bromofluorene | 24225-51-2 | C13H9BrO | 261.118 |
—— | 7-bromo-9H-fluorene-2-carbonitrile | 656238-34-5 | C14H8BrN | 270.128 |
—— | 7-bromo-fluorene-2-carbaldehyde | 1443994-60-2 | C14H9BrO | 273.129 |
2-氨基-7-溴芴 | 2-amino-7-bromofluorene | 6638-60-4 | C13H10BrN | 260.133 |
2-溴-9,9-二苯基芴 | 2-bromo-9,9-diphenyl-9H-fluorene | 474918-32-6 | C25H17Br | 397.314 |
2,9-二溴-9H-芴 | 2,9-Dibrom-fluoren | 6633-25-6 | C13H8Br2 | 324.015 |
2-溴-9,9-双(4-甲基苯基)-9H-芴 | 2-Bromo-9,9-di-p-tolyl-9H-fluorene | 474918-33-7 | C27H21Br | 425.368 |
芴 | 9H-fluorene | 86-73-7 | C13H10 | 166.222 |
2-溴-9-芴酮 | 2-bromofluoren-9-one | 3096-56-8 | C13H7BrO | 259.102 |
7-溴-2-乙酰基芴 | 1-(7-bromo-9H-fluoren-2-yl)ethanone | 34172-50-4 | C15H11BrO | 287.156 |
—— | 2-bromo-9,9-difluorofluorene | —— | C13H7BrF2 | 281.099 |
—— | 2-Brom-9-diazofluoren | 27153-49-7 | C13H7BrN2 | 271.116 |
—— | 2-(7-bromofluoren-2-yl)-1,3-dioxolane | 1443994-67-9 | C16H13BrO2 | 317.182 |
9,9-二甲基-2-溴芴 | 2-bromo-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene | 28320-31-2 | C15H13Br | 273.172 |
—— | 2-phenylfluorene | 28065-98-7 | C19H14 | 242.32 |
2,2'-联-9H-芴 | 9H,9'H-2,2'-bifluorene | 39168-58-6 | C26H18 | 330.429 |
4-氨基丁醛 | 2-methyl-9H-fluorene | 1430-97-3 | C14H12 | 180.249 |
—— | 2-bromo-7-chloroacetylfluorene | 98216-25-2 | C15H10BrClO | 321.601 |
2-溴-7-硝基芴 | 2-bromo-7-nitro-9H-fluorene | 6638-61-5 | C13H8BrNO2 | 290.116 |
—— | 7-Brom-fluoren-2-carbonsaeureaethylester | 66360-71-2 | C16H13BrO2 | 317.182 |
—— | 3-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)benzaldehyde | 343604-42-2 | C20H14O | 270.331 |
—— | 7-bromo-9H-fluorene-2-sulfonyl chloride | 136579-51-6 | C13H8BrClO2S | 343.628 |
—— | 9-benzylidene-2-bromo-fluorene | 23000-26-2 | C20H13Br | 333.227 |
—— | 9H-fluorene-2-thiol | 90590-03-7 | C13H10S | 198.288 |
2-羟基芴 | 2-hydroxyfluorene | 2443-58-5 | C13H10O | 182.222 |
2-溴-7-碘-9H-芴-9-酮 | 2-bromo-7-iodo-9H-fluoren-9-one | 867374-53-6 | C13H6BrIO | 384.999 |
—— | (E)-2,2'-dibromobifluorenylidene | 113469-17-3 | C26H14Br2 | 486.205 |
—— | (Z)-2,2'-dibromobifluorenylidene | 113425-40-4 | C26H14Br2 | 486.205 |
—— | 1-phenyl-9H-fluorene | 66972-63-2 | C19H14 | 242.32 |
2-乙基-9H-芴 | 2-ethylfluorene | 1207-20-1 | C15H14 | 194.276 |
9H-芴-2-甲腈 | 2-cyanofluorene | 2523-48-0 | C14H9N | 191.232 |
2-氨基芴 | 2-aminofluorene | 153-78-6 | C13H11N | 181.237 |
—— | 2-ethynylfluorene | 57700-19-3 | C15H10 | 190.244 |
—— | 9-(bis-methylsulfanyl-methylene)-2-bromo-fluorene | 497252-57-0 | C16H13BrS2 | 349.315 |
—— | (R,R)-2-bromo-9-(1-chloroethyl)fluorene | 186450-23-7 | C15H12BrCl | 307.617 |
—— | (R,S)-2-bromo-9-(1-chloroethyl)fluorene | 186450-25-9 | C15H12BrCl | 307.617 |
—— | (R,S)-2-bromo-9-(1-bromoethyl)fluorene | 186450-21-5 | C15H12Br2 | 352.068 |
—— | 2-isopropyl-9H-fluorene | 1687-92-9 | C16H16 | 208.303 |
—— | 2-bromo-fluorene-9-carboxylic acid | 24539-65-9 | C14H9BrO2 | 289.128 |
2-溴-9,9-二乙基芴 | 2-bromo-9,9-diethyl-9H-fluorene | 287493-15-6 | C17H17Br | 301.226 |
—— | 2-bromo-9-(phenylthio)fluorene | 29800-84-8 | C19H13BrS | 353.282 |
2-甲氧基-9H-芴 | 2-methoxy-9H-fluorene | 2523-46-8 | C14H12O | 196.249 |
2-溴-9,9-二氟-7-碘-9H-芴 | 2-bromo-9,9-difluoro-7-iodo-9H-fluorene | 1499193-60-0 | C13H6BrF2I | 406.996 |
—— | 2-butyl-9H-fluorene | 42946-58-7 | C17H18 | 222.33 |
—— | 2-benzoylfluorene | 15860-31-8 | C20H14O | 270.331 |
—— | 2-phenylethynylfluorene | 189286-79-1 | C21H14 | 266.342 |
—— | 2-bromo-9-(2-chloro-benzylidene)-fluorene | 6967-21-1 | C20H12BrCl | 367.672 |
—— | 2-bromo-9-(2,4,6-cycloheptatrienyl)fluorene | 360565-20-4 | C20H15Br | 335.243 |
9H-芴-2-羧基 酸 | 9H-fluorene-2-carboxylic acid | 7507-40-6 | C14H10O2 | 210.232 |
—— | 2-hexyl-9H-fluorene | 99012-32-5 | C19H22 | 250.384 |
—— | 2-trimethylsilylethynylfluorene | 328393-44-8 | C18H18Si | 262.426 |
—— | 2-bromo-9,9-dipropylfluorene | 173312-18-0 | C19H21Br | 329.28 |
2,7-二溴-9,9-二丙基芴 | 2,7-dibromo-9,9-dipropylfluorene | 157771-56-7 | C19H20Br2 | 408.176 |
—— | 2-sek-Butyl-fluoren | 1144-15-6 | C17H18 | 222.33 |
—— | 2-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)propanenitrile | 37411-84-0 | C16H13N | 219.286 |
2'-溴螺[环戊烷-1,9'-芴] | 2'-bromospiro[cyclopentane-1,9'-fluorene] | 797056-47-4 | C17H15Br | 299.21 |
—— | 2-bromo-9,9-diallyl-fluorene | 1120336-03-9 | C19H17Br | 325.248 |
N-苯基-9H-芴-2-胺 | N-phenyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine | 32228-97-0 | C19H15N | 257.335 |
—— | 3-methyl-10,12-dihydroindeno[2,1-b]fluorene | 53456-13-6 | C21H16 | 268.358 |
2-溴-9,9-二丁基芴 | 2-bromo-9,9-dibutyl-9H-fluorene | 88223-35-2 | C21H25Br | 357.334 |
2'-溴螺[环己烷-1,9'-芴] | 2'-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,9'-fluorene] | 797056-48-5 | C18H17Br | 313.237 |
4-(9H-芴-2-基)丁酸 | 4-fluoren-2-yl-butyric acid | 7250-03-5 | C17H16O2 | 252.313 |
2-叠氮基芴 | 2-azidofluorene | 67823-52-3 | C13H9N3 | 207.235 |
2-溴-9,9-二辛基芴 | 2-bromo-9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene | 302554-80-9 | C29H41Br | 469.549 |
—— | 2-bromo-9,9-dihexadecyl-9H-fluorene | 922168-01-2 | C45H73Br | 693.979 |
9,9-二己基-2-溴芴 | 2-bromo-9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluorene | 226070-05-9 | C25H33Br | 413.441 |
—— | (2-bromo-9H-fluorene-9,9-diyl)bis(trimethylsilane) | 863314-02-7 | C19H25BrSi2 | 389.482 |
—— | methyl 9H-fluorene-2-carboxylate | 2523-36-6 | C15H12O2 | 224.259 |
—— | 2-bromo-9,9-bis (2-methoxyethyl)-9H-fluorene | 649724-44-7 | C19H21BrO2 | 361.279 |
—— | 4-(2-fluorenyl)-2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol | 904694-43-5 | C18H16O | 248.324 |
—— | 2-bromo-9,9-bis(8'-bromooctyl)fluorene | —— | C29H39Br3 | 627.341 |
2-溴-9,9-双(6-溴己基)-9H-芴 | 2-bromo-9,9-bis(6-bromohexyl)fluorene | 438201-29-7 | C25H31Br3 | 571.233 |
—— | 2-[(trifluoromethyl)thio]-9H-fluorene | 1333415-84-1 | C14H9F3S | 266.287 |
—— | methyl 4-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)butanoate | 80265-33-4 | C18H18O2 | 266.34 |
—— | 2-Trimethylsilyl-fluoren | 17922-45-1 | C16H18Si | 238.404 |
—— | Br-OF1-H | 720652-71-1 | C33H49Br | 525.656 |
—— | N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-9H-fluoren-2-amine | —— | C15H12F3N | 263.262 |
—— | 2-bromo-9,9-bis[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]fluorene | 618442-61-8 | C23H29BrO4 | 449.385 |
—— | 2-chloro-1-(7-methyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)ethanone | 98216-24-1 | C16H13ClO | 256.732 |
—— | N,N-diphenyl-9H-fluorene-2-amine | 870133-75-8 | C25H19N | 333.433 |
—— | 2-Acetyl-7-cyanofluoren | 42946-54-3 | C16H11NO | 233.269 |
2-溴-9,9-双(2-乙基己基)芴 | 2-bromo-9,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-9H-fluorene | 355135-07-8 | C29H41Br | 469.549 |
—— | 2-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)thiophene | 350706-57-9 | C17H12S | 248.348 |
—— | 2-amino-7-bromo-9,9-diethylfluorene | 1202709-54-3 | C17H18BrN | 316.241 |